Circulating tumor DNA holds substantial promise as an early detection biomarker, particularly for cancers that do not have currently accepted screening methodologies, such as ovarian, pancreatic, and ...gastric cancers. Many features intrinsic to ctDNA analysis may be leveraged to enhance its use as an early cancer detection biomarker: including ctDNA fragment lengths, DNA copy number variations, and associated patient phenotypic information. Furthermore, ctDNA testing may be synergistically used with other multi-omic biomarkers to enhance early detection. For instance, assays may incorporate early detection proteins (i.e., CA-125), epigenetic markers, circulating tumor RNA, nucleosomes, exosomes, and associated immune markers. Many companies are currently competing to develop a marketable early cancer detection test that leverages ctDNA. Although some hurdles (like early stage disease assay accuracy, high implementation costs, confounding from clonal hematopoiesis, and lack of clinical utility studies) need to be addressed before integration into healthcare, ctDNA assays hold substantial potential as an early cancer screening test.
El accidente cerebrovascular de causa isquémica ocurre cuando un vaso sanguíneo (arteria) que suministra sangre al cerebro queda bloqueada, ya sea repentinamente o con el tiempo, lo que ocasiona un ...infarto cerebral. Se presenta caso clínico de paciente de sexo femenino de 81 años de edad, con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial y neuritis del trigémino, con cuadro de aproximadamente 3 días anterior al ingreso, sufre desviación de la comisura labial izquierda, poca movilidad del miembro superior e inferior izquierdo, misma que evoluciono a plejia total braquio crural izquierda, adicional se sumó cefalea holocranea intensa, luego de la valoración y exámenes complementarios se diagnostica con enfermedad cerebro vascular isquémico subagudo en territorio de arteria cerebral media lado derecho y evento cerebrovascular isquémico crónico en territorio de arteria cerebral posterior izquierda. Los eventos cerebrovasculares son patologías de un alto riesgo, que está asociada a factores como la edad y comorbilidades como la diabetes mellitus y la hipertensión arterial, que aumentan el riesgo de generarla, las personas que han padecido esta enfermedad se les puede desmejorar su calidad de vida, ya que, dependiendo de la magnitud del evento cerebrovascular, puede derivar en secuelas motoras y del habla, e incluso la muerte. Como siempre en todo evento de salud que pueda ocasionar una complicación, la exploración rápida inicial apoyada con la clínica y exámenes por imágenes es fundamental para el diagnóstico certero y el tratamiento a seguir.
PharmVar GeneFocus: CYP2C9 Sangkuhl, Katrin; Claudio‐Campos, Karla; Cavallari, Larisa H. ...
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics,
September 2021, Letnik:
110, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Pharmacogene Variation Consortium (PharmVar) catalogues star (*) allele nomenclature for the polymorphic human CYP2C9 gene. Genetic variation within the CYP2C9 gene locus impacts the metabolism ...or bioactivation of many clinically important drugs, including nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, phenytoin, antidiabetic agents, and angiotensin receptor blockers. Variable CYP2C9 activity is of particular importance regarding efficacy and safety of warfarin and siponimod as indicated in their package inserts. This GeneFocus provides a comprehensive overview and summary of CYP2C9 and describes how haplotype information catalogued by PharmVar is utilized by the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase and the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium.
PharmVar GeneFocus: CYP2C19 Botton, Mariana R.; Whirl‐Carrillo, Michelle; Del Tredici, Andria L. ...
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics,
February 2021, Letnik:
109, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Pharmacogene Variation Consortium (PharmVar) catalogues star (*) allele nomenclature for the polymorphic human CYP2C19 gene. CYP2C19 genetic variation impacts the metabolism of many drugs and has ...been associated with both efficacy and safety issues for several commonly prescribed medications. This GeneFocus provides a comprehensive overview and summary of CYP2C19 and describes how haplotype information catalogued by PharmVar is utilized by the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase and the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC).
Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) is a developing region characterized for its importance for global food security, producing 23 and 11% of the global beef and milk production, respectively. The ...region's ruminant livestock sector however, is under scrutiny on environmental grounds due to its large contribution to enteric methane (CH4) emissions and influence on global climate change. Thus, the identification of effective CH4 mitigation strategies which do not compromise animal performance is urgently needed, especially in context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) defined in the Paris Agreement of the United Nations. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to: 1) collate a database of individual sheep, beef and dairy cattle records from enteric CH4 emission studies conducted in the LAC region, and 2) perform a meta-analysis to identify feasible enteric CH4 mitigation strategies, which do not compromise animal performance. After outlier's removal, 2745 animal records (65% of the original data) from 103 studies were retained (from 2011 to 2021) in the LAC database. Potential mitigation strategies were classified into three main categories (i.e., animal breeding, dietary, and rumen manipulation) and up to three subcategories, totaling 34 evaluated strategies. A random effects model weighted by inverse variance was used (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V3.3.070). Six strategies decreased at least one enteric CH4 metric and simultaneously increased milk yield (MY; dairy cattle) or average daily gain (ADG; beef cattle and sheep). The breed composition F1 Holstein × Gyr decreased CH4 emission per MY (CH4IMilk) while increasing MY by 99%. Adequate strategies of grazing management under continuous and rotational stocking decreased CH4 emission per ADG (CH4IGain) by 22 and 35%, while increasing ADG by 22 and 71%, respectively. Increased dietary protein concentration, and increased concentrate level through cottonseed meal inclusion, decreased CH4IMilk and CH4IGain by 10 and 20% and increased MY and ADG by 12 and 31%, respectively. Lastly, increased feeding level decreased CH4IGain by 37%, while increasing ADG by 171%. The identified effective mitigation strategies can be adopted by livestock producers according to their specific needs and aid LAC countries in achieving SDG as defined in the Paris Agreement.
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•The Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) cattle livestock encompasses 28% of global herd.•Thirty-four potential enteric methane (CH4) mitigation strategies were evaluated.•Six strategies decreased CH4 emission while increased animal productivity.•They can be adopted by livestock producers according to their specific needs.•And promptly aid LAC countries in achieving SDG as defined in the Paris Agreement.
The aims of this work were to screen isolated bacteria with a dual capacity: to inhibit
Fusarium solani
and to promote plant growth. Also, volatile compounds that would be responsible for that effect ...were identified. Seventy bacterial strains from the air, agricultural soils, hydrocarbons-contaminated soils, and extremophile soils were tested. The former were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing. The plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and their capability for phosphate solubilization, siderophores production, and indole production were determined. Twenty isolates from
Bacillus
and
Pseudomonas
genera inhibited the mycelial growth up to 40% in direct assays. Eleven isolates significantly inhibited mycelial growth in 18–24% via volatile emissions. Volatile compounds related to antifungal activity or stress response include ketones, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenoids, alkanes, and fatty acids. Our results support the potential of these PGPB to act as biocontrol agents against fungal pathogens via volatile emissions.
Abstract Objective The main objective was to study survival and neurologic evolution of children who suffered in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest (CA). The secondary objective was to analyze the ...influence of risk factors on the long term outcome after CA. Methods prospective, international, observational, multicentric study in 48 hospitals of 12 countries. CA in children between 1 month and 18 years were analyzed using the Utstein template. Survival and neurological state measured by Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) scale one year after hospital discharge was evaluated. Results 502 patients with in-hospital CA were evaluated. 197 of them (39.2%) survived to hospital discharge. PCPC at hospital discharge was available in 156 of survivors (79.2%). 76.9% had good neurologic state (PCPC 1–2) and 23.1% poor PCPC values (3–6). One year after cardiac arrest we could obtain data from 144 patients (28.6%). PCPC was available in 116 patients. 88 (75.9%) had a good neurologic evaluation and 28 (24.1%) a poor one. A neurological deterioration evaluated by PCPC scale was observed in 40 patients (7.9%). One year after cardiac arrest PCPC scores compared to hospital discharge had worsen in 7 patients (6%), remained constant in 103 patients (88.8%) and had improved in 6 patients (5.2%). Conclusion Survival one year after cardiac arrest in children after in-hospital cardiac arrest is high. Neurologic outcome of these children a year after cardiac arrest is mostly the same as after hospital discharge. The factors associated with a worst long-term neurological outcome are the etiology of arrest being a traumatic or neurologic illness, and the persistency of higher lactic acid values 24 h after ROSC. A standardised basic protocol even practicable for lower developed countries would be a first step for the new multicenter studies.
Here, we report the chemical composition and optical properties of the fine particles (PM
2.5
) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) of these particles. Additionally, the potential sources of WSOC ...emission were determined through the study on fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectra and parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). Samples were collected in an urban site of the Monterrey Metropolitan Area in Mexico during summer and winter and characterized using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), ultraviolet-visible-near infrared-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis-NIR-DRS), fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The ATR-FTIR analyses allowed the identification of inorganic ions (e.g., CO
3
2−
, SO
4
2−
, and NO
3
−
), organic functional groups e.g., carbonyls (C=O), organic hydroxyl (C-OH), carboxylic acid (COOH), and aromatic and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. The results obtained by XRD and XPS revealed the presence of organic and inorganic chemical species in PM
2.5
. The diffuse reflectance spectra of PM
2.5
provided the absorption bands in the UV region for CaSO
4
, CaCO
3
, and aluminosilicates. The absorption coefficient at 365 nm (Abs
365
) and Ångström absorption exponent (AAE) values obtained for the aqueous extracts suggest that many of the water-soluble organic compounds corresponded to brown carbon (BrC) chromophores. The mass absorption efficiency values at 365 nm (MAE
365
) were higher in the winter than summer samples, suggesting the presence of more BrC compounds in the winter samples. The fluorescence indices combined with EEM-PARAFAC analysis showed that the WSOC fraction was mainly composed of humic-like substances (HULIS) which are both of terrestrial and microbial origin.
Como parte do processo de internacionalização, apresentamos uma proposta de formação desenvolvida com estudantes indígenas de graduação vinculados ao Núcleo Takinahaky de Formação Superior de ...Professores Indígenas da Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Brasil, por meio de um processo de documentação narrativa de experiências. Nosso objetivo foi compreender, vis-a-vis relatos de experiências de estudantes indígenas, as teorias que fundamentam a abordagem didática de um projeto de articulação institucional como prática de internacionalização binacional. Começamos explicitando os desafios e as possibilidades de mudanças na prática educativa, para tentar possibilitar o diálogo do conhecimento e de cosmovisões dos povos indígenas em relação às demandas contemporâneas da vida intercultural. Da mesma forma, contextualizamos a formação de professores em contextos interculturais, destacando crenças, compromissos sociais e culturais, reflexões e avaliações que os professores expressaram sobre a experiência acadêmica em que participaram e, finalmente, considerações finais que delineiam algumas derivações práticas sobre essa proposta de formação e inovação.
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