Curcumin reduces inflammation in rat apical periodontitis Justo, Mariana Pagliusi; Cardoso, Carolina de Barros Morais; Cantiga‐Silva, Cristiane ...
International endodontic journal,
November 2022, 2022-11-00, 20221101, Letnik:
55, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Aim
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of systemic curcumin administration on the severity of apical periodontitis (AP).
Methodology
Forty male Wistar rats weighing 250–280 g each, age ...2.5 months, were distributed into four groups (n = 10): control untreated rats (C), control rats treated with curcumin (CUR), rats with pulp exposure‐induced apical periodontitis (AP) and rats with pulp exposure‐induced apical periodontitis treated with curcumin (AP‐CUR). Curcumin treatment was administered orally once daily for 15 days before pulp exposure and continued for 30 days after pulp exposure. The rats were sacrificed at 30 days, and the jaws were collected and reconstructed in a programme specific for micro‐CT. The jaws were processed for analysis of the inflammatory process using haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical assays for interleukin tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (Il)‐6 and Il‐1β. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and osteocalcin (OCN) staining were used to analyse the resorptive process on the bone surface of periapical area. Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn's test was performed for nonparametric data and anova with Tukey's test for parametric data, p < .05.
Results
Micro‐CT revealed no statistically significant differences in bone resorption between the AP and AP‐CUR groups (p > .05). The levels of inflammatory cell infiltration and immunoreactivity for the proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, Il‐6 and Il‐1β were significantly higher in the periapical lesions of the AP group than in the AP‐CUR group (p < .05). The number of TRAP‐positive multinucleated cells was higher in the AP group than in the AP‐CUR group (p < .05). In OCN‐positive cells, no differences were observed between the AP and AP‐CUR groups (p > .05).
Conclusions
Oral supplementation with curcumin had a significant effect on the AP severity in rats, suggesting an anti‐inflammatory effect of curcumin on AP development.
Background
Several studies have suggested a relationship between AP, as well as the loss of root‐filled teeth (RFT), and hypertension (HTN).
Objectives
The aims of this systematic review and ...meta‐analysis were to investigate the prevalence of AP, and non‐retention of RFT, in hypertensive patients.
Methods
A search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and EMBASE. The inclusion criteria established were studies published until February 2023, comparing hypertensive subjects with controls, assessing the prevalence of AP and/or providing data on the prevalence of non‐retained RFT. Meta‐analysis was performed using the RevMan (analyst) tool to determine the pooled prevalence of AP and loss of RFT. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias tool. The quality of evidence was assessed by GRADE.
Results
The search strategy identified 454 articles, and only eight met the inclusion criteria. Six studies had analysed the association between AP and HTN and two studies had analysed the association between non‐retention of RFT and HTN. Meta‐analysis showed and overall OR = 1.71 (95% CI = 0.92–3.16; p = .09) for the prevalence of AP among patients with HTN. The prevalence of non‐retention of RFT among patients with HTN has an overall OR = 1.78 (95% CI = 1.60–1.98; p = .000001). The risk of bias in the individual studies was low or moderate, and the quality of the overall evidence has shown a level of certainty very low.
Discussion
There is no association between the prevalence of AP and HTN. In addition, hypertensive patients have significantly increased odds of losing RFT. Given the high prevalence of hypertension, it is very common to perform root canal treatments on hypertensive patients. It is imperative to communicate this heightened risk to patients and recommend periodic monitoring of oral health and hypertension, paying special attention to this subset of patients.
Registration
PROSPERO CRD42022302385.
The systematic review tried to answer the following question: Does the melatonin administered systemically or topically ameliorate patients involved with oral health conditions or dental procedures? ...The systematic review has been registered in the PROSPERO (2021CRD42021095959). Eligibility criteria included only randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with at least 10 participants that compared patients that received melatonin as a treatment before and/or after their oral intervention topically or systemically, with control patients. A search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Academic Google databases for articles up to February 2021. The Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized clinical trials was used and revealed that the studies included presented low risk of bias for the majority of criteria assessed. It was selected 25 articles, of which only six did not demonstrate positive effects and three presented null effects with the use of melatonin. Melatonin has improved the inflammatory response in periodontal disease, dental surgeries, and mucositis of head and neck oncologic irradiated patients. In addition, it showed anxiolytic potential in patients that were submitted to dental procedures. In conclusion, melatonin favored the treatment of oral changes when used topically and systemically.
Abstract Endodontics has gained emphasis in the scientific community in recent years due to the increase in clinical and in animal models studies focused on endodontic medicine, which aims to ...evaluate the interrelationship between systemic and periapical tissues pathological conditions. These studies have shown that systemic changes can boost the pathogenesis of endodontic infection, favoring its development and progression. A contrary relationship is reported in numerous studies that affirm the potential of endodontic infection to trigger systemic damage and may lead to the worsening of pre-existing pathologies. Recently, the potential of filling materials to develop systemic changes such as neurological alterations had been evaluated, also showing that systemic diseases can negatively influence tissue responses to filling materials after endodontic treatment. Despite advances in endodontic medicine studies, there are still gaps in knowledge on the mechanisms of interactions between apical periodontitis (AP) and systemic diseases and much research to be done. In this sense, this critical narrative literature review aimed to show the evolution of studies in endodontic medicine to help the endodontist to know the role of systemic diseases in the pathogenesis of AP and the possible interference in the repair of periapical tissues after endodontic treatment, as well as to evidence the systemic complications that can be triggered or aggravated in the presence of endodontic infection.
Aim
To evaluate the influence of the early life stress (ELS) on the severity of the apical periodontitis (AP) in Wistar rats.
Methodology
Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups ...(n = 10): Control rats; AP—rats with AP; ELS—rats subject to ELS; AP + ELS—rats exposed to ELS and subject to AP. ELS was induced by maternal separation (MS) for a period of 3 h for 21 consecutive days. AP was induced via pulp exposure of the first and second right maxillary molars to the oral environment for 40 days. Three days before euthanasia, all rats underwent behavioural analysis to measure anxiety levels by elevated zero maze. Then, the rats were euthanized and the maxillas were removed to assess the occurrence and severity of AP. The periapical region was evaluated for the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate and the extent of bone loss. The Mann–Whitney test was performed for nonparametric data, and the Tukey's or Student's t‐test was performed for parametric data (p < .05).
Results
The intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate was significantly larger in the AP + ELS group when compared with AP group (p < .05). The AP + ELS group exhibited significantly greater alveolar bone loss, with a periapical lesion size of 103.5 ± 29.88, compared with 72.3 ± 22.28 in the AP group (p < .05). Rats with AP displayed higher anxiety‐like behaviour in relation to the control group (p < .05). However, exposure to ELS abolished the AP‐induced increased anxiety‐like ‘behaviour’ throughout, since that rats from AP + ELS group attended more the open arms than non‐stressed rats with AP (p < .05).
Conclusion
Early life stress is predictive of the severity of AP exacerbating the inflammatory process and increasing periapical bone resorption.
Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω‐3 PUFAs) have been reported to exert important roles in the inflammatory response. There are many inflammatory diseases in dentistry which support the ...administration of ω‐3 PUFAs as an adjunct therapy during the treatment of these diseases. The aim of this review was to evaluate the use of ω‐3 PUFAs as an adjuvant therapy during the treatment of buccal diseases. The review showed that supplementation with ω‐3 PUFAs was used for treatment of gingivitis, periodontal diseases, apical periodontitis, stomatitis, and orthodontic tooth movement. The results indicate that ω‐3 PUFAs decreased the number of pro‐inflammatory mediators in the gingival tissues of individuals with gingivitis and periodontitis. In apical periodontitis, the supplementation suppressed bone resorption and promoted bone formation in the periapical area of rats. During orthodontic movement, the supplementation showed a decrease of bone resorption in rats. It also showed that painful symptoms of recurrent aphthous stomatitis were alleviated in supplemented patients. In conclusion, the ω‐3 PUFAs may be used as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases that affect the oral cavity. However, more studies are required to elucidate the role of ω‐3 PUFAs in decreasing oral cavity inflammatory processes.
Abstract This study evaluated Method 300, a complementary teaching methodology in Dentistry. Thirty participants were divided into 6 groups according to the scores obtained in a placement test ...ranging from 0 to 10. Students with scores lower than 6 were classified as having poor academic performance ; students with scores equal to or greater than 6 were considered as having good academic performance. Each group included at least one student with good performance. Our methodology consisted of two application cycles, each including one different test ; however, only students with low performance could undergo the second testing. Students held meetings twice a week for one hour and thirty minutes. Of the 54 students initially enrolled in the subject, 24 dropped out, leaving 30 students who completed all the proposed activities. In cycle 1, 24 (80%) students showed poor academic performance and 6 (20%) good. Students with poor performance in P1 significantly improved after P1 300 test application (P < 0.001). After cycle 1 activities, all 30 participants showed significant improvement. In cycle 2, the number of students with good performance tripled when compared to cycle 1, resulting in a decrease in the number of students with poor performance (P = 0.205). Results show that the Method 300 is an important teaching-learning resource in Dentistry, to be used as a complementary methodology to lectures.
Aim
Natural substances such as omega‐3 have been used in the medical field due to their numerous properties and, in particular, modulating effect on the systemic and local inflammatory processes. ...Thus, this study evaluated the influence of omega‐3 supplementation on the subcutaneous tissue response of endodontic sealers in Wistar Rats.
Methodology
Polyethylene tubes were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of 48 animals (one empty for control and three filled with Sealapex, AH Plus or Endofill). The animals were treated with omega‐3 (TO) or water (TW). Treatments started 15 days before implantation until euthanasia. After 5, 15 and 30 days (n = 8), animals were euthanized and polyethylene tubes and surrounding tissue were removed and processed for histological analysis. The inflammatory reaction was analysed by Haematoxylin and Eosin stain and immunolabelling for IL‐6 and TNF‐α. The collagen maturity was analysed by picrosirius red stain and calcium deposition by von Kossa stain and polarized light. Results were statistically analysed (p < .05).
Results
Amongst TW sealer groups, Endofill evoked a more intense inflammatory infiltrate compared with AH Plus and control in the 30‐day period (p = .009). However, in TO sealer groups, there was no difference amongst the sealers and control in all periods (p > .05). Comparing each sealer as a function of the supplementation with water or omega‐3, there are differences for Endofill (p = .001) and Sealapex (p = .005) in the 30‐day period, presenting lower inflammatory infiltrate in the animals treated with omega‐3. A higher percentage of immature fibres was observed at 15 and 30 days in the TO group, compared with the TW group (p < .05). The deposition of calcium particles was observed only by Sealapex in all periods, despite the supplementation procedure.
Conclusions
Omega‐3 supplementation influence the tissue reactions of endodontic sealers, modulating inflammation, the immunolabelling of IL‐6 and TNF‐α, the repair process and it does not interfere with calcium deposition.
Background
Maternal periodontal disease (PED) and apical periodontitis (AP) are associated insulin resistance (IR), increased tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels, and alterations in insulin ...signaling (IS) in the gastrocnemius muscle (GM) of adult offspring. TNF‐α stimulates I kappa B kinase (IKK) and c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinase (JNK), resulting in IS attenuation. However, studies that investigated the maternal true endodontic‐periodontal lesion (EPL) in offspring are scarce, and in this case, the impact could be even higher. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of EPL on the IR, IS, and inflammatory pathways on the offspring GM.
Methods
Female Wistar rats were distributed into control, AP, PED, and EPL groups. After 30 days of oral inflammation induction, rats from all groups were allowed to mate with healthy rats. The body weight of the offspring was assessed from birth to 75 days of age. After 75 days, the following measurements were performed: glycemia, insulinemia, IR, TNF‐α content, and IKKα/β, JNK, pp185 (Tyr), and IRS‐1 (Ser) phosphorylation status in the GM.
Results
Maternal PED and EPL were associated with low birth weights. All maternal oral inflammations promoted IR and IS impairment in the GM and only maternal PED and EPL caused an increase in TNF‐α content and IKKα/β phosphorylation status in the GM of offspring. The offspring of the rats with EPL group showed worsening of metabolic changes when compared with offspring of rats with AP or PED.
Conclusion
Association of maternal AP and PED promoted a more pronounced worsening in the health of the adult offspring.
Background
Saliva modulates the environment of the oral biofilm through pH buffer, microbial attachment to host surfaces, and nutritional source. The ecology of stress occurs when a physical factor ...adversely impacts an ecosystem or its biotic components. Therefore, reduced salivary flow can affect oral-host balance. The leading causes of hyposalivation include disease-associated Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and menopausal women as aging-associated. However, little is known about the oral microbiome integrated with sex hormones in hyposalivation. This study aimed to characterize the hyposalivation microbiome caused by aging or disease affecting the salivary glands in women.
Methods
We included 50 women older than 40 years of age in any menopausal phase. We collected stimulated saliva from 25 women diagnosed with SS (SS) and 25 without SS (non-SS). The bacterial profile of the patients was obtained by 16S rRNA sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis used machine learning to analyze the cohort’s signs, symptoms, and bacterial profile. Salivary estradiol as a sex hormone variation level was determined.
Results
We obtained that 79% of the SS group, and 52% of the non-SS group had hyposalivation. We found a negatively correlated
Prevotella
-age and
Rothia
-estradiol in the SS group. Highlight, we found that the cause of the hyposalivation in the study did not explain differences in microbial diversity comparing non-SS and SS groups. Therefore, microbial communities found in hyposalivation but not related to systemic conditions suggest that changes in the oral environment might underpin host-microbial balance.
Conclusion
The salivary microbiome was similar in women with and without SS. However, hyposalivation showed two distinctive clusters associated with the bacterial population profiles. Our study suggests that local ecological disturbances could drive the change in the microbiome.
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