A composite separator is prepared with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and metal-organic framework (MOF) particles by electrospinning, and its physical properties, battery performances and the mechanism of ...how it improves the performance of high energy density lithium battery are studied. The MOF/PAN separator shows an outstanding thermal stability, an ultra-high electrolyte uptake (794±30%), a high ionic conductivity (2.83 mS cm−1 at 25 °C) and a wide electrochemical window (5.2 V vs. Li+/Li). The Li||separator||Li half-cell can operate stably for 1000 h at 5 mA cm−2. A strong electrostatic interaction between MOF and PF6- in the electrolyte inhibits movement of the anions and enhances the Lithium-ion transference number (tLi+) up to 0.74, which is 64.4% higher than that of PAN separator. After 200 cycles at 0.2 C, the interfacial resistance between separator and electrode only increases from 22.00 to 30.58 Ω. The initial discharge capacity of the NCM811||10% MOF/PAN separator||Li battery system is 166.3 mAh g−1 with 81.3% capacity retention after 250 cycles at 5 C. This research offers an idea to design MOF-based composite separator that makes NCM811||Li battery outstanding in electrochemical stability and high rate performance.
Lacunary polyoxometalate (POM), PW
9
O
34
9−
, grafts with a boronic acid group attached
via
an organosilane bridge assemble into microspheres, PW
9
-Si-APBA. The oxygen-rich and hydrophilic surface ...of POM facilitates the binding of phosphate groups in phosphoproteins and glycans in glycoproteins. While the metal-oxo in POM provides π-π interactions with the phosphate groups of phosphoproteins, the boronic acid group specifically binds to glycoproteins
via
the
cis
-diols of glycans. Therefore, these multi-driving forces ensure the selective adsorption of phosphoproteins and glycoproteins by PW
9
-Si-APBA microspheres in biological sample matrixes, even in the presence of very high protein abundance,
i.e.
, BSA, at mass ratio of β-ca/IgG/OVA/BSA = 1 : 1 : 1 : 200.
Lacunary polyoxometalate, PW
9
O
34
9−
, grafts with a boronic acid group and self-assembles into microspheres. It ensures simultaneous and selective adsorption of phosphoproteins and glycoproteins.
Peroxynitrite (ONOO
) is a highly reactive oxygen species which has been recognized as an endogenous mediator of physiological activities like the immune response as well as a damaging agent of ...oxidative stress under pathological conditions. While its biological importance is becoming clearer, many of the details of its production and mechanism of action remain elusive due to the lack of available selective and sensitive detection methods. Herein, we report the development, characterization, and biological applications of a reaction-based chemiluminescent probe for ONOO
detection, termed as
.
reacts with ONOO
an isatin moiety through an oxidative decarbonylation reaction to initiate light emission that can be observed instantly with high selectivity against other reactive sulphur, oxygen, and nitrogen species. Detailed studies were performed to study the reaction between isatin and ONOO
, which confirm selectivity for ONOO
over NO
˙.
has been applied for ONOO
detection in aqueous solution and live cells. Moreover,
can be employed to detect cellular ONOO
generated in macrophages stimulated to mount an immune response with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The sensitivity granted by chemiluminescent detection together with the specificity of the oxidative decarbonylation reaction provides a useful tool to explore ONOO
chemistry and biology.
The role of focal packages in packaging ecosystems is crucial for the development of the entire ecosystem, as they are the packages on which other packages depend. However, the evolution of ...dependency groups in packaging ecosystems has not been systematically investigated. In this study, we examine the downstream dependency package groups (DDGs) in three typical packaging ecosystems—Cargo for Rust, Comprehensive Perl Archive Network for Perl, and RubyGems for Ruby—to identify their features and evolution. We also identify and analyze a special type of DDG, the collaborative downstream dependency package group (CDDG), which requires shared contributors. Our findings show that the overall development of DDGs, particularly CDDGs, is consistent with the status of the whole ecosystem, and the size of DDGs and CDDGs follows a power law distribution. Furthermore, the interaction mechanisms between focal packages and downstream packages differ between ecosystems, but focal packages always play a leading role in the development of DDGs and CDDGs. Finally, we investigate predictive models for the development of CDDGs in the next stage based on their features, and our results show that random forest and Gradient Boosting Regression Tree achieve acceptable prediction accuracy. We provide the raw data and scripts used for our analysis at https://github.com/onion616/DDG.
A practical metal-free and additive-free approach for the synthesis of 6/7/8-membered oxacyclic ketone-fused isoxazoles/isoxazolines tetracyclic or tricyclic structures is reported through C
-H bond ...radical nitrile oxidation and the intramolecular cycloaddition of alkenyl/alkynyl-substituted aryl methyl ketones. This convenient approach enables the simultaneous formation of isoxazole/isoxazoline and 6/7/8-membered oxacyclic ketones to form polycyclic architectures by using
-butyl nitrite (TBN) as a non-metallic radical initiator and N-O fragment donor.
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The plunging depth of 0.05mm was optimum for joint formation of 0.5mm thick Al-6061 sheet by micro friction stir welding. Increasing rotational velocity from 1500rpm to 2000rpm was ...beneficial to sound surface formation, while the taper pin with three flats owned wider process window than the single taper pin. The minimum ratio of thickness reduction of 2% was attained, which enhanced the area of load bearing. The taper pin with three flats owing to the severe stirring actions resulted in the finer grain size, improving tensile property. The maximum tensile strength by the taper pin with three flats reached 217MPa, equivalent to 90% of base material.
Fan delta sandy conglomerates form important oil and gas reservoirs. Recently, a new giant oilfield was discovered in the Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation (T1b) in the Mahu Sag of the Junggar ...Basin, northwestern China. However, the fan delta sandy conglomerate reservoirs are strongly heterogeneous. Most have poor permeability and host little hydrocarbons, while a subset at the delta front exhibit high porosity and permeability, forming high-quality reservoirs. To explain this disparity, the sedimentary facies, diagenesis, and reservoir quality of the sandy conglomerate strata, and their interactions, were studied. Detailed logging of 253m cores indicates that the T1b was deposited in a lacustrine fan delta complex, comprising ten lithofacies from coarse matrix-supported pebbly conglomerate (Gm) to fine massive mudstone (Fm) in four Facies Associations. Interpretation of optical microscope, backscattered and scanning electron microscope imaging show that these ten lithofacies underwent differential diagenesis, especially dissolution of minerals such as orthoclase. Dissolution was particularly prevalent in the subaqueous distributary channel deposits of sandstones (St), hyperpycnal-flow massive sandstones (Sm) and grain-flow deposits of sandy gravelly conglomerates (Gcs) at the delta-front, forming abundant secondary pores. These pores enhanced the reservoir performance and led to high porosity and permeability within these three lithofacies. For these reservoirs, continuous winnowing at the delta front led to relatively high primary porosities, and subsequent mineral dissolution during burial diagenesis, closely related to acidic Mn-rich hydrocarbon-bearing fluids, significantly improved the porosities further. Migration of hydrocarbon-bearing fluids was facilitated by faults cutting through the reservoir and underlying source rocks. This led to the development of belts of high-quality reservoir at the delta front near the fault conduits. This model for reservoir development and charge suggests that further reservoirs can be expected within the T1b of the Mahu Sag.
•A set of lacustrine fan-deltaic conglomerate reservoir strata in China is described.•Ten lithofacies in four Facies Associations are identified in the retreating fan-delta complex.•Orthoclase and calcite dissolution accelerated by hydrocarbon-bearing fluids is the key to improving reservoir quality.•Deposition process, mineral dissolution, and hydrocarbon emplacement control the reservoir quality together.
In order to explore the rational coal pillar malposition distance (CPMD) based on coupling control of stress field, displacement field and fracture field (three-field) in shallow buried closely ...spaced multi-seam (SBCSM-S) mining, and realize coupling control of underground concentrated stress and ground surface fractures, taking the No. 1–2 and No. 2–2 coal seams mining in the northward east area of Ningtiaota coal mine as background, through physical simulation and theoretical analysis, the three-field evolution in SBCSM-S mining was analysed, the effect of different CPMD on coal pillar concentrated stress, ground surface subsidence and fractures development was revealed, and the rational CPMD based on coupling control of three-field was put forward. The results show that the concentrated fractures and concentrated stress are due to the strata’s uneven subsidence by coal pillars. Rational arrangement of CPMD can avoid the superposition of vertical stress caused by upper and lower coal pillars and reduce the development of ground fractures and uneven subsidence. Two theoretical models were established: one was based on the control of a concentrated stress field, the other on the control of the displacement and fracture fields. These results will be applied in a follow-up arrangement at the Ningtiaota coal mine, and can provide a new way for safe and green mining in SBCSM-S.
Shape morphing behavior has applications in many fields such as soft robotics, actuators and sensors, solar cells, tight packaging, flexible electronics, and biomedicine. The most common approach to ...achieve shape morphing structures is through shape memory alloys or hydrogels. These two materials undergo differential strains which generate a variety of shapes. In this work, we demonstrate the novel concept that 2D knits comprising of yarns from different materials can be morphed into different three-dimensional shapes thereby forming a bridge between traditional knitting and shape changing structures. This concept is referred to as Knitmorphs. Our computational analysis acts as the proof of concept revealing that knitted patterns of varying materials morph into complex shapes, such as saddle, axisymmetric cup, and a plate with waves when subjected to thermal loads. Two-dimensional circular models of plain and rib developed on CAD packages are imported to the finite element analysis software Abaqus, followed by post-processing into wires and assigning fiber material properties of different thermal coefficients of expansion and stiffness. We also propose potential applications for the concept of programmable knits for developing robots based upon jellyfish like locomotion, and complex structures similar to wind turbine blades. This novel concept is meant to introduce a new field for design when considering morphable structures.
Additive manufacturing (AM) of titanium alloys is a rapidly growing field due to an increase in design flexibility of parts. However, AM parts are highly anisotropic in material microstructure and ...mechanical behavior due to the change of the local processing conditions in the build-up process. This study follows a link chain model to investigate the relationships between process parameters, cooling rate, porosity and mechanical behavior. The aim of this work is to present a framework that is inspired by the three-link chain model. The framework combines theoretical, computational and experimental approaches. We demonstrate this by using an in-house thermal simulator to link predicted cooling rates with micrographs describing experimental shape descriptors to develop a relationship between solidification cooling rate and porosity geometry. Finally, representative volume elements from predicted porosity maps allow for a prediction of mechanical properties at localized areas. The capability of being able to predict mechanical behavior of titanium alloys is demonstrated for the directed energy deposition process.
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