To simulate the mass separation or mixture for chemical or biological fluids with viscoelastic characteristics, the rotating electroosmotic flow (EOF) of two-layer fluid in a microchannel with ...parallel plates is studied. This system is composed of Newtonian fluid and Caputo fractional Oldroyd-B fluid. Maxwell stress is introduced to describe the interaction of two fluids at the interface as well as the shear stress. Based on
L
1 approximation, numerical solutions are obtained by the finite difference method. The results show that mainstream velocity will oscillate first and then reach a stable state as there is enough time. Due to the existence of centrifugal force, mainstream velocity will increase with the increasing rotating angular velocity. Furthermore, the minimum value of velocity does not lie at the middle of channel because of viscoelastic effects, and the position where reverse flow appears also is pushed to the right side of the center when the rotating angular velocity is large enough. Moreover, with the increase of the interfacial zeta potential difference, the velocity distributions of two-layer fluid have different trends.
Since destination attachment is a new branch in the field of place attachment, studies are lacking on the formation mechanisms of destination attachment. The psychological processes underlying the ...mechanism have also been ignored. This study adaptively applied the grounded theory to the online travel blogs of Hainan in China, aiming to identify the unique interaction mechanism of psychological dimensions in the formation of a destination attachment. Three different psychological paths were revealed, namely, “cognition→affect→conation,” “conation→cognition→affect,” and “affect→conation→cognition.” The formation of destination attachment was found to be similar to consumer knowledge learning. The problems of paradigm integration and the expansion of the destination attachment source were also considered in this research.
Research has been focused on regulating the amorphous surface of Ir-based materials to achieve a higher oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. The IrO x amorphous layer is generally considered to ...be substantial enough to break the limitation created by the conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) in acidic media. In this work, we used lanthanides to regulate IrO x amorphization–crystallization through inhibiting the crystallization of iridium atoms in the calcination process. The chosen route created abundant crystalline–amorphous (c-a) interfaces, which greatly enhanced the charge transfer kinetics and the stability of the materials. The mass activity of iridium in the synthesized IrO2@LuIr1–n O x (OH) y structure reached 128.3 A/gIr, which is 14.6-fold that of the benchmark IrO2. All the IrO2@LnIr1–n O x (OH) y (Ln = La–Lu) structures reflected 290–300 mV of overpotential at 10 mA/cmgeo 2. We demonstrate that a highly active c-a interface possesses an efficient charge transfer capability and is conducive to the stability of the activated oxygen species. The surface-activated oxygen species and the tensile strain IrO6 octahedron regulated by lanthanides are synergistically beneficial for increasing the intrinsic OER activity. Our research findings introduce c-a interface generation by the regulation of lanthanides as a new method for the rational design of robust OER catalysts.
The lattice strain of IrO2 plays a critical role in determining its OER activity. The Ir–O bond length change in IrO6 coordination induces lattice strain. Increasing the annealing temperature results ...in a stretching strain along the c axis and a compressive strain on the a and b axes, leading to a larger c/a ratio. Enhancing the lattice strain decreases the c/a ratio, which is beneficial for improving OER activity.
The cultural industry with innovation, low pollution and low energy consumption may become the next strategic pillar industry in China. The tax reform of 'Replacing business tax with value-added tax ...(VAT)' not only lays a solid foundation for the establishment of green tax system, but also contributes to the enterprise development and performance improvement. This paper aims to study the impact of VAT reform policy on the financial performance of listed companies in the cultural industry. To this end, the PSM-DID method was applied, and natural experiments were made by taking A shares listed companies from 2009 to 2014 as the reform pilot. The research finds that: (1) the VAT reform policy 'replacing business tax with VAT' is conducive to improving the financial performance of cultural industry enterprises; (2) the policy has more positive impact on the financial performance of manufacturing cultural enterprises than on non-manufacturing ones; (3) compared with state-owned enterprises, the policy contributes more to the financial performance of private enterprises. This study provides empirical evidence for evaluating the impact of VAT reform policy on the operation of cultural industry enterprises. It has practical significance for improving the VAT system and the financial operation of cultural enterprises.
In the paper, the finite element model of the assembled concrete structure is constructed based on the finite element method combined with ABAQUS software, including the specific definition of the ...model material, the boundary condition and contact setting, the analysis step and loading setting, and the validity of the constructed finite element model is verified. In order to deeply explore the stress changes of the assembled concrete structure, four aspects were analyzed, namely, concrete strength grade, load-mid-span displacement curve, stress of tensile and compressive reinforcement, and stress changes of frame combination beams respectively. The results showed that the larger the concrete strength grade, the relative stiffness ratio at the peak point gradually decreased from 0.44 to 0.27, and the specimen of concrete structure with higher steel content reached the maximum load at the mid-span displacement of 12.5 mm. The reinforcement at the end of the steel frame reaches the yield stress only when the lateral displacement is 25.8 mm, while the RC frame reaches the yield stress when the lateral displacement is 16.1 mm. When the load of the assembled concrete structural frame combination beams does not exceed 0.5 times the ultimate load, the stress change is elastic, which can ensure the stability of the assembled concrete structural building. Using the finite element model to model the assembled concrete structure numerically analyzes its stress change, which can better grasp the development of its structural stress during the actual casting process so as to ensure the safety of the building structure.
Based on the linearized Poisson–Boltzmann equation, the electro-osmotic flow of a generalized Maxwell fluid under an alternating field in an isosceles right triangle microchannel is studied. The ...finite volume method and L2 interpolation method are used to obtain the numerical solution. An analytical solution is constructed to verify the accuracy of the numerical solution. Under the alternating current, the velocity will oscillate periodically. The velocity amplitude of the Maxwell fluid with the distributed order time fractional derivative is larger than that of Newtonian fluids and fractional Maxwell fluids, which indicates that its elastic characteristics further promote fluid flow. However, oscillation of the velocity does not achieve synchronization with the oscillation of the electric fields. Furthermore, due to the existence of the angle effect, the velocity will develop at acute angles and form a larger value of velocity first. The numerical results show that the relaxation time, electrokinetic width, zeta potential, and angular Reynolds number play important roles in determining the velocity and amplitude of electro-osmosis.
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•One new route to obtain high deNOx efficiency through methanol steam reforming inline hydrogen production is proposed.•The bifunctional catalyst Cux/C-MnPdOy@Ni prepared in this ...paper can achieve inline hydrogen production through the surface CuOx center and reduce NOx by MnPdOz center.•XPS, FESEM characterization revealed the uniform dispersion of the Cu-polyatomic clusters, which avoided the defect of activity site agglomeration; therefore, it obtained a more low-temperature hydrogen-producing catalyst.
The practical application of traditional H2-SCR is hindered by its rare hydrogen supply (0.5-2%) and the safety risk of hydrogen transportation and storage. Therefore, this paper proposes a new process to reduce the hydrogen utilization threshold by coupling low-temperature inline hydrogen production and hydrogen deNOx. We synthesized a bifunctional catalyst: Cux/C-MnPdOy@Ni, which could achieve inline hydrogen production above uniformed-dispersion Cu-polyatomic-cluster Cux/C center and coupled with hydrogen deNOx over MnPdOy center. Online-GC monitored the generation of H2 during the process, which confirmed the coupling reaction's feasibility. The candidate Cu800/C-MnPdOy@Ni can maintain over 90% deNOx efficiency at 120 °C under GHSV = 22000 h−1 + water-alcohol ratio (ω) = 1.3 + 800 ppm NO and possessed good water resistance. Through the characterization of morphology and valence state of elements, uniform dispersion of the Cu-polyatomic clusters could directly visualize, which solved the defect of activity site agglomeration; therefore, a more low-temperature hydrogen-producing catalyst was obtained. This article provides a safer H2-SCR process on a coupling catalyst that simultaneously produces in-situ hydrogen and reduces NOx.
COVID-19, as a crucial public health crisis, has affected our lives in nearly every aspect. Besides its major health threats, COVID-19 brings severe secondary impacts, one of which is the rise of ...social stigma. Although numerous studies have examined the antecedents and outcomes of COVID-19-related stigma, we still lack a systematic understanding of who is being stigmatized during the COVID-19 pandemic, what exacerbates COVID-19-related stigma, and what impacts COVID-19-related stigma has on victims. Therefore, this review aims to provide a systematic overview of COVID-19-related stigma. With 93 papers conducted with 126,371 individuals in more than 150 countries and territories spanning five continents, we identify three targets that have received the most research: Chinese/Asian people, (suspected) patients and survivors, and healthcare workers. Furthermore, we find that for each stigma target, characteristics of the stigmatized, stigmatizer, and context contribute to COVID-19-related stigma and that this stigma negatively influences victims' health and non-health outcomes. We call for future research to provide a more integrative, balanced, and rigorous picture of COVID-19-related stigma
conducting research on neglected topics (e.g., contextual factors that contribute to stigma toward HCWs) and stigma interventions and using a longitudinal design. In practice, we urge governments and institutions (e.g., ministries of public health, hospitals) to pay close attention to stigma issues and to promote safe and inclusive societies.
The electrode and MoS
2
@Ti electrochemical system were successfully optimized. However, there are problems such as easy flaking of catalytic layer and short electrode life. The use of electrode ...modifiers such as Nafion, Sodium dodecyl sulfate, or tin-antimony oxide interlayers attempts to optimize the bonding between the electrode substrate and the active layer. Moreover, we have successfully used foam titanium to replace the titanium plate substrate to improve the electrode stability. The adsorption reduction performance of MoS
2
@Ti electrodes and MoS
2
powders was investigated to further clarify the mechanism of MoS
2
@Ti electrochemical system. The optimization of the MoS
2
@Ti electrode reaction system was attempted by designing the combined system as well as the diaphragm system, and the fact that the reduced mercury ions were re-oxidized in the original MoS
2
@Ti system was determined.
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