In order to evaluate neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (d-NLR) in predicting response and complications in rectal cancer patients who underwent surgery ...after neo-adjuvant radio-chemotherapy, 87 patients were evaluated. Cutoffs before and after radio-chemotherapy were respectively 2.8 and 3.8 for NLR, and 1.4 and 2.3 for d-NLR. They were analyzed in relation to clinical and pathological outcomes. Patients with preoperative NLR and d-NLR higher than cutoffs had significantly higher rates of tumor regression grade response (TRG ≥ 4) and postoperative complications. Elevated NLR and d-NLR after radio-chemotherapy are associated with worse pathological and clinical outcome.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is mainly due to the lack of effective early-stage detection strategies. Even though the link between inflammation and PDAC has been ...demonstrated and inflammatory biomarkers proved their efficacy in predicting several tumours, to date they have a role only in assessing PDAC prognosis. Recently, the studies of interactions between nanosystems and easily collectable biological fluids, alone or coupled with standard laboratory tests, have proven useful in facilitating PDAC diagnosis. Notably, tests based on magnetic levitation (MagLev) of biocoronated nanosystems have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy in compliance with the criteria stated by WHO. Herein, the author developed a synergistic analysis that combines a user-friendly MagLev-based approach and common inflammatory biomarkers for discriminating PDAC subjects from healthy ones.
Plasma samples from 24 PDAC subjects and 22 non-oncological patients have been collected and let to interact with graphene oxide nanosheets.Biomolecular corona formed around graphene oxide nanosheets have been immersed in a Maglev platform to study the levitation profiles.Inflammatory biomarkers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived-NLR (dNLR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio have been calculated and combined with results obtained by the MagLev platform.
MagLev profiles resulted significantly different between non-oncological patients and PDAC and allowed to identify a MagLev fingerprint for PDAC. Four inflammatory markers were significantly higher in PDAC subjects: neutrophils ( P =0.04), NLR ( P =4.7 ×10 -6 ), dNLR ( P =2.7 ×10 -5 ), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio ( P =0.002). Lymphocytes were appreciably lower in PDACs ( P =2.6 ×10 -6 ).Combining the MagLev fingerprint with dNLR and NLR returned global discrimination accuracy for PDAC of 95.7% and 91.3%, respectively.
The multiplexed approach discriminated PDAC patients from healthy volunteers in up to 95% of cases. If further confirmed in larger-cohort studies, this approach may be used for PDAC detection.
Advances in nanotechnology are introducing the exciting possibility of cancer identification at early stages
via
analysis of the personalized biomolecular corona (BC),
i.e.
the dynamic "halo" of ...proteins that adsorbs onto NPs following exposure to patients' plasma. In this study, we develop a blood test for early cancer detection based on the characterization of the BC that forms around Graphene Oxide (GO) nanoflakes. Among its elective properties, GO binds low amounts of albumin, the most abundant protein in the blood and one of the most enriched proteins in the BC of many nanomaterials. This unique property of GO allows strong adsorption of poorly concentrated plasma proteins without abundant protein depletion. In our study, GO nanometric flakes have been used to analyze BCs from 50 subjects, half of them diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and half of them being healthy volunteers. Pancreatic cancer was chosen as the model of a high mortality disease with poor survival rates due to its delayed diagnosis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to measure the diagnostic accuracy of the BC-based test. We obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96 and the test discriminated cancer patients from healthy subjects with a sensitivity of 92%. Finally, a double-blind validation was made using a second test dataset (10 healthy subjects + 10 pancreatic cancer patients) and it confirmed the results obtained on the first training dataset. Being highly accurate, fast, inexpensive and easy to perform, we believe that the BC-enabled blood test has the potential to become a turning point in early detection of cancer and other diseases.
Characterization of the biomolecular corona of graphene oxide nanoflakes allows discriminating cancer patients from healthy subjects with high prediction accuracy.
Early diagnosis and treatment significantly reduce sepsis mortality. Currently, no gold standard has been yet established to diagnose sepsis outside the ICU. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ...diagnostic accuracy of sepsis defined by SIRS Criteria of 1991, Second Consensus Conference Criteria of 2001, modified Second Consensus Conference Criteria of 2001 (obtaining SIRS Criteria and SOFA score), Third Consensus Conference of 2016, in addition to the dosage of Procalcitonin (PCT) and MR-pro-Adrenomedullin (MR-proADM). In this prospective study, 209 consecutive patients with clinical diagnosis of sepsis were enrolled (May 2014-June 2018) outside intensive care unit (ICU) setting. A diagnostic protocol could include SIRS criteria or qSOFA score evaluation, rapid testing of PCT and MR-proADM, and SOFA score calculation for organ failure definition. Using this approach outside the ICU, a rapid diagnostic and prognostic evaluation could be achieved, also in the case of negative SIRS, qSOFA or SOFA scores with high post-test probability to reduce mortality and improve outcomes.
Following exposure to human plasma (HP), nanoparticles (NPs) are coated with a biomolecular layer referred to as a protein corona. We recently revealed that characterizing the protein coronas of ...various NPs may provide a unique opportunity for cancer identification and discrimination. In other words, protein corona profiles of several NPs, when being analyzed using classifiers, would provide a unique "fingerprint" for each type of disease. Here, we probed the capacity of the protein corona for the identification and discrimination of breast and prostate cancer patients from healthy individuals. Using three lipid NP formulations with distinct physical-chemical properties as a cross-reactive sensor array and a supervised random forest classifier, we identified a set of proteins that showed a significant difference in cancer patients and control subjects. Our data show that many of the corona proteins with the highest discrimination ability between oncological patients and healthy individuals are related to cellular and molecular aspects of breast and prostate cancers.
Following exposure to human plasma nanoparticles are coated with a "disease-specific" protein corona.
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