1.
MRI‐Based Quantitative Osteoporosis Imaging at the Spine and Femur
Sollmann, Nico; Löffler, Maximilian T.; Kronthaler, Sophia ...
Journal of magnetic resonance imaging,
July 2021, 2021-07-00, 20210701, Letnik:
54, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease with a high prevalence worldwide, characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration, predisposing an individual to fragility fractures. ...
Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been the clinical reference standard for diagnosing osteoporosis and for assessing fracture risk for decades. However, other imaging modalities are of increasing importance to investigate the etiology, treatment, and fracture risk. The purpose of this work is to review the available literature on quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods and related findings in osteoporosis at the spine and proximal femur as the clinically most important fracture sites. Trabecular bone microstructure analysis at the proximal femur based on high‐resolution MRI allows for a better prediction of osteoporotic fracture risk than DXA‐based bone mineral density (BMD) alone. In the 1990s, T2* mapping was shown to correlate with the density and orientation of the trabecular bone. Recently, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), which overcomes some of the limitations of T2* mapping, has been applied for trabecular bone quantifications at the spine, whereas ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging provides valuable surrogate markers of cortical bone quantity and quality. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and chemical shift encoding‐based water–fat MRI (CSE‐MRI) enable the quantitative assessment of the nonmineralized bone compartment through extraction of the bone marrow fat fraction (BMFF). Furthermore, CSE‐MRI allows for the differentiation of osteoporotic vs. pathologic fractures, which is of high clinical relevance. Lastly, advanced postprocessing and image analysis tools, particularly considering statistical parametric mapping and region‐specific BMFF distributions, have high potential to further improve MRI‐based fracture risk assessments at the spine and hip.
Level of Evidence
5
Technical Efficacy Stage
2
več
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
2.
Heterogeneous Spatial and Strength Adaptation of the Proximal Femur to Physical Activity: A Within‐Subject Controlled Cross‐Sectional Study
Warden, Stuart J; Carballido‐Gamio, Julio; Weatherholt, Alyssa M ...
Journal of bone and mineral research,
April 2020, Letnik:
35, Številka:
4
Journal Article
ABSTRACT
Physical activity (PA) enhances proximal femur bone mass, as assessed using projectional imaging techniques. However, these techniques average data over large volumes, obscuring spatially ...
heterogeneous adaptations. The current study used quantitative computed tomography, statistical parameter mapping, and subject‐specific finite element (FE) modeling to explore spatial adaptation of the proximal femur to PA. In particular, we were interested in adaptation occurring at the superior femoral neck and improving strength under loading from a fall onto the greater trochanter. High/long jump athletes (n = 16) and baseball pitchers (n = 16) were utilized as within‐subject controlled models as they preferentially load their take‐off leg and leg contralateral to their throwing arm, respectively. Controls (n = 15) were included but did not show any dominant‐to‐nondominant (D‐to‐ND) leg differences. Jumping athletes showed some D‐to‐ND leg differences but less than pitchers. Pitchers had 5.8% (95% confidence interval CI 3.9%–7.6%) D‐to‐ND leg differences in total hip volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), with increased vBMD in the cortical compartment of the femoral neck and trochanteric cortical and trabecular compartments. Voxel‐based morphometry analyses and cortical bone mapping showed pitchers had D‐to‐ND leg differences within the regions of the primary compressive trabeculae, inferior femoral neck, and greater trochanter but not the superior femoral neck. FE modeling revealed pitchers had 4.1% (95% CI 1.4%–6.7%) D‐to‐ND leg differences in ultimate strength under single‐leg stance loading but no differences in ultimate strength to a fall onto the greater trochanter. These data indicate the asymmetrical loading associated with baseball pitching induces proximal femur adaptation in regions associated with weight bearing and muscle contractile forces and increases strength under single‐leg stance loading. However, there were no benefits evident at the superior femoral neck and no measurable improvement in ultimate strength to common injurious loading during aging (ie, fall onto the greater trochanter), raising questions as to how to better target these variables with PA. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
več
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
3.
Quantitative assessment of fat infiltration in the rotator cuff muscles using water-fat MRI
Nardo, Lorenzo; Karampinos, Dimitrios C.; Lansdown, Drew A. ...
Journal of magnetic resonance imaging,
20/May , Letnik:
39, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Purpose
To evaluate a chemical shift‐based fat quantification technique in the rotator cuff muscles in comparison with the semiquantitative Goutallier fat infiltration classification (GC) and to ...
assess their relationship with clinical parameters.
Materials and Methods
The shoulders of 57 patients were imaged using a 3T MR scanner. The rotator cuff muscles were assessed for fat infiltration using GC by two radiologists and an orthopedic surgeon. Sequences included oblique‐sagittal T1‐, T2‐, and proton density‐weighted fast spin echo, and six‐echo gradient echo. The iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least‐squares estimation (IDEAL) was used to measure fat fraction. Pain and range of motion of the shoulder were recorded.
Results
Fat fraction values were significantly correlated with GC grades (P < 0.0001, κ >0.9) showing consistent increase with GC grades (grade = 0, 0%–5.59%; grade = 1, 1.1%–9.70%; grade = 2, 6.44%–14.86%; grade = 3, 15.25%–17.77%; grade = 4, 19.85%–29.63%). A significant correlation between fat infiltration of the subscapularis muscle quantified with IDEAL versus 1) deficit in internal rotation (Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient SRC = 0.39, 95% confidence interval CI 0.13–0.60, P < 0.01) and 2) pain (SRC coefficient = 0.313, 95% CI 0.049–0.536, P = 0.02) was found but was not seen between the clinical parameters and GC grades. Additionally, only quantitative fat infiltration measures of the supraspinatus muscle were significantly correlated with a deficit in abduction (SRC coefficient = 0.45, 95% CI 0.20–0.60, P < 0.01).
Conclusion
An accurate and highly reproducible fat quantification in the rotator cuff muscles using water‐fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques is possible and significantly correlates with shoulder pain and range of motion. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:1178–1185. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
več
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
4.
Characterization of the regional distribution of skeletal muscle adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes using chemical shift-based water/fat separation
Karampinos, Dimitrios C.; Baum, Thomas; Nardo, Lorenzo ...
Journal of magnetic resonance imaging,
April 2012, Letnik:
35, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Purpose:
To show the feasibility of assessing the spatial distribution of skeletal muscle adipose tissue using chemical shift‐based water/fat separation and to characterize differences in calf ...
intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) compartmentalization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to healthy age‐matched controls.
Materials and Methods:
A chemical shift‐based water/fat separation approach using a multiecho 3D spoiled gradient echo sequence was applied in a study of 64 patients, including 35 healthy controls and 29 subjects with T2DM. Masks were defined based on manual segmentations to compute fat volume within different compartments, including regions of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and six muscular regions. IMAT was divided into two compartments representing fat within the muscular regions (intraMF) and fat between the muscular regions (interMF). Two‐sample Student's t‐tests were used to compare fat volumes between the two groups.
Results:
The subjects with T2DM had a lower volume of SAT compared to the healthy controls (P = 4 × 10−5). There was no statistically significant difference in the IMAT volume between the two groups. However, the intraMF volume normalized by the IMAT volume was higher in the diabetics compared to the controls (P = 0.006).
Conclusion:
Chemical shift‐based water/fat separation enables the quantification of fat volume within localized muscle regions, showing that the IMAT regional distribution is significantly different in T2DM compared to normal controls. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:899–907. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
več
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
5.
Spatial Differences in the Distribution of Bone Between Femoral Neck and Trochanteric Fractures
Yu, Aihong; Carballido‐Gamio, Julio; Wang, Ling ...
Journal of bone and mineral research,
August 2017, Letnik:
32, Številka:
8
Journal Article
ABSTRACT
There is little knowledge about the spatial distribution differences in volumetric bone mineral density and cortical bone structure at the proximal femur between femoral neck fractures and ...
trochanteric fractures. In this case‐control study, a total of 93 women with fragility hip fractures, 72 with femoral neck fractures (mean ± SD age: 70.6 ± 12.7 years) and 21 with trochanteric fractures (75.6 ± 9.3 years), and 50 control subjects (63.7 ± 7.0 years) were included for the comparisons. Differences in the spatial distributions of volumetric bone mineral density, cortical bone thickness, cortical volumetric bone mineral density, and volumetric bone mineral density in a layer adjacent to the endosteal surface were investigated using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and surface‐based statistical parametric mapping (SPM). We compared these spatial distributions between controls and both types of fracture, and between the two types of fracture. Using VBM, we found spatially heterogeneous volumetric bone mineral density differences between control subjects and subjects with hip fracture that varied by fracture type. Interestingly, femoral neck fracture subjects, but not subjects with trochanteric fracture, showed significantly lower volumetric bone mineral density in the superior aspect of the femoral neck compared with controls. Using surface‐based SPM, we found that compared with controls, both fracture types showed thinner cortices in regions in agreement with the type of fracture. Most outcomes of cortical and endocortical volumetric bone mineral density comparisons were consistent with VBM results. Our results suggest: 1) that the spatial distribution of trabecular volumetric bone mineral density might play a significant role in hip fracture; 2) that focal cortical bone thinning might be more relevant in femoral neck fractures; and 3) that areas of reduced cortical and endocortical volumetric bone mineral density might be more relevant for trochanteric fractures in Chinese women. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
več
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
6.
Variable flip angle three-dimensional fast spin-echo sequence combined with outer volume suppression for imaging trabecular bone structure of the proximal femur
Han, Misung; Chiba, Ko; Banerjee, Suchandrima ...
Journal of magnetic resonance imaging,
20/May , Letnik:
41, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Background
To demonstrate the feasibility of using a variable flip angle three‐dimensional fast spin‐echo (3D VFA‐FSE) sequence combined with outer volume suppression for imaging trabecular bone ...
structure at the proximal femur in vivo at 3 Tesla.
Methods
The 3D VFA‐FSE acquisition was optimized to minimize blurring and to provide high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) from bone marrow. Outer volume suppression was achieved by applying three quadratic‐phase radio‐frequency pulses. The SNR and trabecular bone structures from 3D VFA‐FSE were compared with those from previously demonstrated multiple‐acquisition 3D balanced steady‐state free precision (bSSFP) using theoretical simulations, ex vivo experiments, and in vivo experiments.
Results
Our simulation demonstrated that 3D VFA‐FSE can provide at least 35% higher SNR than 3D bSSFP, which was confirmed by the ex vivo and in vivo experiments. The ex vivo experiments demonstrated a good correlation and agreement between bone structural paramters obtained with the two sequences. The proposed sequence depicted trabecular bone structure at the proxiaml femur in vivo well without visible suppression artifacts and provided a mean SNR of 11.0.
Conclusion
The 3D VFA‐FSE sequence combined with outer volume suppression can depict the trabecular bone structure of the proximal femur in vivo with minimal blurring and high SNR efficiency. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1300–1310. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
več
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
7.
Spatial distribution and relationship of T 1ρ and T 2 relaxation times in knee cartilage with osteoarthritis
Li, Xiaojuan; Pai, Alex; Blumenkrantz, Gabrielle ...
Magnetic resonance in medicine,
06/2009, Letnik:
61, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Abstract
T
1ρ
and
T
2
relaxation time constants have been proposed to probe biochemical changes in osteoarthritic cartilage. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial correlation and distribution of
T
...
1ρ
and
T
2
values in osteoarthritic cartilage. Ten patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and 10 controls were studied at 3T. The spatial correlation of
T
1ρ
and
T
2
values was investigated using
Z
‐scores. The spatial variation of
T
1ρ
and
T
2
values in patellar cartilage was studied in different cartilage layers. The distribution of these relaxation time constants was measured using texture analysis parameters based on gray‐level co‐occurrence matrices (GLCM). The mean
Z
‐scores for
T
1ρ
and
T
2
values were significantly higher in OA patients vs. controls (
P
< 0.05). Regional correlation coefficients of
T
1ρ
and
T
2
Z
‐scores showed a large range in both controls and OA patients (0.2–0.7). OA patients had significantly greater GLCM contrast and entropy of
T
1ρ
values than controls (
P
< 0.05). In summary,
T
1ρ
and
T
2
values are not only increased but are also more heterogeneous in osteoarthritic cartilage.
T
1ρ
and
T
2
values show different spatial distributions and may provide complementary information regarding cartilage degeneration in OA. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
več
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
8.
Proximal femoral density distribution and structure in relation to age and hip fracture risk in women
Carballido‐Gamio, Julio; Harnish, Roy; Saeed, Isra ...
Journal of bone and mineral research,
March 2013, Letnik:
28, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Hip fracture risk rises exponentially with age, but there is little knowledge about how fracture‐related alterations in hip structure differ from those of aging. We employed computed tomography (CT) ...
imaging to visualize the three‐dimensional (3D) spatial distribution of bone mineral density (BMD) in the hip in relation to age and incident hip fracture. We used intersubject image registration to integrate 3D hip CT images into a statistical atlas comprising women aged 21 to 97 years (n = 349) and a group of women with (n = 74) and without (n = 148) incident hip fracture 4 to 7 years after their imaging session. Voxel‐based morphometry was used to generate Student's t test statistical maps from the atlas, which indicated regions that were significantly associated with age or with incident hip fracture. Scaling factors derived from intersubject image registration were employed as measures of bone size. BMD comparisons of young, middle‐aged, and older American women showed preservation of load‐bearing cortical and trabecular structures with aging, whereas extensive bone loss was observed in other trabecular and cortical regions. In contrast, comparisons of older Icelandic fracture women with age‐matched controls showed that hip fracture was associated with a global cortical bone deficit, including both the superior cortical margin and the load‐bearing inferior cortex. Bone size comparisons showed larger dimensions in older compared to younger American women and in older Icelandic fracture women compared to controls. The results indicate that older Icelandic women who sustain incident hip fracture have a structural phenotype that cannot be described as an accelerated pattern of normal age‐related loss. The fracture‐related cortical deficit noted in this study may provide a biomarker of increased hip fracture risk that may be translatable to dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and other clinical images. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
več
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
9.
Atlas-based knee cartilage assessment
Carballido-Gamio, Julio; Majumdar, Sharmila
Magnetic resonance in medicine,
August 2011, Letnik:
66, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of knee cartilage properties at corresponding anatomic locations could be a valuable tool in studies of knee osteoarthritis by enabling accurate comparisons at ...
practically any region. A technique of this kind is presented in this study. The proposed technique is based on gray‐level bone matching using affine transformations and free‐form deformations thus eliminating the need of bone segmentations and landmark matching. Sixteen subjects of the osteoarthritis initiative with knee osteoarthritis (10 from baseline; 6 from 24‐month follow‐up) were included in this study. Baseline subjects were used to create a gray‐level atlas of the patella with its corresponding mean cartilage thickness and T2 maps. Follow‐up subjects were used to validate atlas‐based point‐to‐point cartilage comparisons. All registrations were qualitatively evaluated with fused gray‐level images of registered patellas. Quantitative evaluation was performed based on mean values of minimum Euclidean distances between matched bone‐cartilage interfaces. A mean distance of 0.554 mm was obtained between the subjects used to build the atlas, and a mean distance of 0.633 mm was found between the atlas and validation subjects. The technique can be applied to other anatomical regions and with other cartilage measures. Qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate the accuracy of the technique and warrant its application in larger cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies of osteoarthritis. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
več
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
10.
Association of magnetic resonance imaging–based knee cartilage T2 measurements and focal knee lesions with knee pain: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Baum, Thomas; Joseph, Gabby B.; Arulanandan, Ahilan ...
Arthritis care & research (2010),
February 2012, 2012-Feb, 2012-02-00, 20120201, Letnik:
64, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Objective
To evaluate the association of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based knee cartilage T2 measurements and focal knee lesions with knee pain in knees without radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) ...
among subjects with OA risk factors.
Methods
We studied the right knees of 126 subjects from the Osteoarthritis Initiative database. We randomly selected 42 subjects ages 45–55 years with OA risk factors, right knee pain (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index WOMAC pain score ≥5), no left knee pain (WOMAC pain score 0), and no radiographic OA (Kellgren/Lawrence K/L score ≤1) in the right knee. We also selected 2 comparison groups: 42 subjects without knee pain in either knee and 42 with bilateral knee pain. Both groups were frequency matched to subjects with right knee pain only by sex, age, body mass index, and K/L score. All of the subjects underwent 3T MRI of the right knee. Focal knee lesions were assessed and cartilage T2 measurements were performed.
Results
Prevalences of meniscal, bone marrow, and ligamentous lesions and joint effusion were not significantly different between the groups (P > 0.05), while cartilage lesions were more frequent in subjects with right knee pain only compared to subjects without knee pain (P < 0.05). T2 values averaged over all of the compartments were similar in subjects with right knee pain only (mean ± SD 34.4 ± 1.8 msec) and in subjects with bilateral knee pain (mean ± SD 34.7 ± 4.7 msec), but were significantly higher compared to subjects without knee pain (mean ± SD 32.4 ± 1.8 msec; P < 0.05).
Conclusion
These results suggest that elevated cartilage T2 values are associated with findings of pain in the early phase of OA, whereas among morphologic knee abnormalities only knee cartilage lesions are significantly associated with knee pain status.
več
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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