Abstract Introduction This study evaluated the effects of the dietary supplement omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on pulp exposure–induced apical periodontitis (AP) in rats. Methods ...Twenty-eight male rats were divided into groups: control untreated rats (C), control rats treated with ω-3 PUFAs alone (C-O), rats with pulp exposure–induced AP, and rats with pulp exposure–induced AP treated with ω-3 PUFAs (AP-O). The ω-3 PUFAs were administered orally, once a day, for 15 days before pulp exposure and, subsequently, 30 days after pulp exposure. Rats were killed 30 days after pulp exposure, and jaws were subjected to histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to detect tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase–positive osteoclasts and osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts on the bone surface of periapical area. Results were statistically evaluated by using analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference, and P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results The bone resorption lesion was significantly larger in the AP group compared with AP-O, C, and C-O groups ( P < .05). The level of inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly elevated, and the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase–positive osteoclasts was significantly higher in the periapical lesions of the AP group compared with AP-O, C, and C-O groups ( P < .05). The number of osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts was significantly increased in the AP-O group compared with the AP group ( P > .05). Conclusions Supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs not only suppresses bone resorption but also promotes new bone formation in the periapical area of rats with AP in conjunction with downregulation of inflammatory cell infiltration into the lesion.
Abstract This study evaluated Method 300, a complementary teaching methodology in Dentistry. Thirty participants were divided into 6 groups according to the scores obtained in a placement test ...ranging from 0 to 10. Students with scores lower than 6 were classified as having poor academic performance ; students with scores equal to or greater than 6 were considered as having good academic performance. Each group included at least one student with good performance. Our methodology consisted of two application cycles, each including one different test ; however, only students with low performance could undergo the second testing. Students held meetings twice a week for one hour and thirty minutes. Of the 54 students initially enrolled in the subject, 24 dropped out, leaving 30 students who completed all the proposed activities. In cycle 1, 24 (80%) students showed poor academic performance and 6 (20%) good. Students with poor performance in P1 significantly improved after P1 300 test application (P < 0.001). After cycle 1 activities, all 30 participants showed significant improvement. In cycle 2, the number of students with good performance tripled when compared to cycle 1, resulting in a decrease in the number of students with poor performance (P = 0.205). Results show that the Method 300 is an important teaching-learning resource in Dentistry, to be used as a complementary methodology to lectures.
Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω‐3 PUFAs) have been reported to exert important roles in the inflammatory response. There are many inflammatory diseases in dentistry which support the ...administration of ω‐3 PUFAs as an adjunct therapy during the treatment of these diseases. The aim of this review was to evaluate the use of ω‐3 PUFAs as an adjuvant therapy during the treatment of buccal diseases. The review showed that supplementation with ω‐3 PUFAs was used for treatment of gingivitis, periodontal diseases, apical periodontitis, stomatitis, and orthodontic tooth movement. The results indicate that ω‐3 PUFAs decreased the number of pro‐inflammatory mediators in the gingival tissues of individuals with gingivitis and periodontitis. In apical periodontitis, the supplementation suppressed bone resorption and promoted bone formation in the periapical area of rats. During orthodontic movement, the supplementation showed a decrease of bone resorption in rats. It also showed that painful symptoms of recurrent aphthous stomatitis were alleviated in supplemented patients. In conclusion, the ω‐3 PUFAs may be used as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases that affect the oral cavity. However, more studies are required to elucidate the role of ω‐3 PUFAs in decreasing oral cavity inflammatory processes.
Curcumin reduces inflammation in rat apical periodontitis Justo, Mariana Pagliusi; Cardoso, Carolina de Barros Morais; Cantiga‐Silva, Cristiane ...
International endodontic journal,
November 2022, 2022-11-00, 20221101, Letnik:
55, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Aim
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of systemic curcumin administration on the severity of apical periodontitis (AP).
Methodology
Forty male Wistar rats weighing 250–280 g each, age ...2.5 months, were distributed into four groups (n = 10): control untreated rats (C), control rats treated with curcumin (CUR), rats with pulp exposure‐induced apical periodontitis (AP) and rats with pulp exposure‐induced apical periodontitis treated with curcumin (AP‐CUR). Curcumin treatment was administered orally once daily for 15 days before pulp exposure and continued for 30 days after pulp exposure. The rats were sacrificed at 30 days, and the jaws were collected and reconstructed in a programme specific for micro‐CT. The jaws were processed for analysis of the inflammatory process using haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical assays for interleukin tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (Il)‐6 and Il‐1β. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and osteocalcin (OCN) staining were used to analyse the resorptive process on the bone surface of periapical area. Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn's test was performed for nonparametric data and anova with Tukey's test for parametric data, p < .05.
Results
Micro‐CT revealed no statistically significant differences in bone resorption between the AP and AP‐CUR groups (p > .05). The levels of inflammatory cell infiltration and immunoreactivity for the proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, Il‐6 and Il‐1β were significantly higher in the periapical lesions of the AP group than in the AP‐CUR group (p < .05). The number of TRAP‐positive multinucleated cells was higher in the AP group than in the AP‐CUR group (p < .05). In OCN‐positive cells, no differences were observed between the AP and AP‐CUR groups (p > .05).
Conclusions
Oral supplementation with curcumin had a significant effect on the AP severity in rats, suggesting an anti‐inflammatory effect of curcumin on AP development.
Background
Several studies have suggested a relationship between AP, as well as the loss of root‐filled teeth (RFT), and hypertension (HTN).
Objectives
The aims of this systematic review and ...meta‐analysis were to investigate the prevalence of AP, and non‐retention of RFT, in hypertensive patients.
Methods
A search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and EMBASE. The inclusion criteria established were studies published until February 2023, comparing hypertensive subjects with controls, assessing the prevalence of AP and/or providing data on the prevalence of non‐retained RFT. Meta‐analysis was performed using the RevMan (analyst) tool to determine the pooled prevalence of AP and loss of RFT. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias tool. The quality of evidence was assessed by GRADE.
Results
The search strategy identified 454 articles, and only eight met the inclusion criteria. Six studies had analysed the association between AP and HTN and two studies had analysed the association between non‐retention of RFT and HTN. Meta‐analysis showed and overall OR = 1.71 (95% CI = 0.92–3.16; p = .09) for the prevalence of AP among patients with HTN. The prevalence of non‐retention of RFT among patients with HTN has an overall OR = 1.78 (95% CI = 1.60–1.98; p = .000001). The risk of bias in the individual studies was low or moderate, and the quality of the overall evidence has shown a level of certainty very low.
Discussion
There is no association between the prevalence of AP and HTN. In addition, hypertensive patients have significantly increased odds of losing RFT. Given the high prevalence of hypertension, it is very common to perform root canal treatments on hypertensive patients. It is imperative to communicate this heightened risk to patients and recommend periodic monitoring of oral health and hypertension, paying special attention to this subset of patients.
Registration
PROSPERO CRD42022302385.
Electron microscopy (EM) is a rapid and effective tool that can be used to create images of a whole spectrum of virus-host interactions and, as such, has long been used in the discovery and ...description of viral mechanisms.
Electron microscopy was used to evaluate the pulmonary pathologies of postmortem lung sections from three patients who died from infection with SARS-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new member of the Coronaviridae family.
Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) was predominant in all three patients. The early exudative stage was characterized principally by edema and extravasation of red blood cells into the alveolar space with injury to the alveolar epithelial cells; this was followed by detachment, apoptosis, and necrosis of type I and II pneumocytes. The capillaries exhibited congestion, exposure of the basement membrane from denuded endothelial cells, platelet adhesion, fibrin thrombi, and rupture of the capillary walls. The proliferative stage was characterized by pronounced proliferation of type II alveolar pneumocytes and multinucleated giant cells. The cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 was observed both in degenerated type II pneumocytes and freely circulating in the alveoli, with components from virions, macrophages, lymphocytes, and cellular debris.
Viral particles consistent with the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 were observed mainly in degenerated pneumocytes, in the endothelium, or freely circulating in the alveoli. In the final stage of illness, the alveolar spaces were replaced by fibrosis.
This study investigated the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on serum inflammatory mediators of rats with pulp exposure–induced apical periodontitis.
Forty male Wistar rats ...were divided into the following groups: control, untreated rats (C); control rats treated with ω-3 PUFAs (C-O); rats with pulp exposure–induced apical periodontitis (AP); and rats with pulp exposure–induced apical periodontitis treated with ω-3 PUFAs (AP-O). ω-3 PUFAs were administered orally once a day for 15 days before pulp exposure and continued for 30 days after pulp exposure. The rats were sacrificed, and then blood and jaw samples were collected. Blood analysis was conducted to determine the total number of leukocytes including neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL) 6, and IL-17 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histologic analysis was performed to confirm the development of apical periodontitis. The data were statistically evaluated using analysis of variance and the Tukey posttest. The significance level was set at 5%.
The development of apical periodontitis was confirmed in all infected groups. Bone destruction was larger in the AP group compared with the AP-O group (P < .05). Blood analysis showed that the AP and AP-O groups showed higher numbers of lymphocytes, leukocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-6 compared with the C and C-O groups (P < .05). In contrast, the presence of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and the expression of IL-6 decreased in the AP-O group compared with the AP group (P < .05).
ω-3 PUFA supplementation influences the systemic effects caused by apical periodontitis, decreasing the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and IL-6 in rat blood.
Laser ablation therapy (LA) uses Indocyanine Green dye (ICG) which efficiently absorbs laser energy and the increased temperature results in an instantaneous flame that chars tissue and microbes. ...Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses different dyes that are activated by light to kill bacteria. This study evaluated the biocompatibility of the dye Curcumin (CUR), Methylene Blue (MB), and Indocyanine Green (ICG) before and after laser activation (ACT). Polyethylene tubes containing one of the dyes were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of 32 rats (4 tubes per rat) which were divided into 8 groups: C - control (saline solution); C + ACT (Red Laser 660 nm); CUR; CUR + ACT (480 nm blue LED); MB; MB + ACT (Red Laser 660 nm); ICG; ICG + ACT (810 nm Infrared Laser). After 7 and 30 days (n = 8/time), the rats were euthanized and the tubes with the surrounding tissue were removed and processed for histological analysis of inflammation using H&E stain, and collagen fiber maturation using picrosirius red (PSR). A two-way analysis of variance statistical test was applied (p < 0.05). At 7 days, regardless of laser activation, the CUR group showed a greater inflammatory infiltrate compared to the ICG and control groups, and the MB group had a greater inflammation only in relation to the control (p < 0.05). At 30 days, CUR and MB groups showed a greater inflammatory infiltrate than the control (p < 0.05). ICG group was equal to the control in both periods, regardless of the laser activation (p > 0.05). Laser activation induced the proliferation of collagen immature fibers at 7 days, regardless of the dye (p < 0.05). The CUR group showed a lower percentage of immature and mature fibers at 7 days, compared to ICG and control (p < 0.05) and, at 30 days, compared to control (p < 0.05). Regardless of laser activation, the ICG showed the results of collagen maturation closest to the control (p > 0.05). It was concluded that all dyes are biocompatible and that laser activation did not interfere with biocompatibility. In addition, the maturity of collagen was adequate before and after the laser activation. These results demonstrate that the clinical use of dyes is safe even when activated with a laser.
•Curcumin, Methylene Blue, and Indocyanine Green dyes are biocompatible.•Activation of dyes in laser ablation therapy or photodynamic therapy does not modify tissue response to dyes.
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of systemic antibiotic therapy on the development and progression of induced apical periodontitis (AP) in Wistar rats. Fifty-six rats were ...submitted to pulp exposure of the lower left first molar for the induction of AP. On the same day, intraperitoneal antibiotic therapy was administered once a day, for 15 days, until euthanasia. The groups were formed according to the different treatments (n = 8): C-control; GEN-treated with gentamicin (10 mg/Kg); AC-treated with amoxicillin (100 mg/Kg); MZ-treated with metronidazole (40 mg/Kg); AMP-treated with ampicillin (100 mg/Kg); AMC group-treated with amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (100 mg/kg); CLI-treated with clindamycin (60 mg/kg). After euthanasia, the jaws were collected and processed for (1) histological and histometric analysis using hematoxylin and eosin staining, (2) analysis of collagen fibers using Picrosirius Red staining and (3) bacteriological analysis using Brown-Brenn staining. The data were analyzed statistically (p < 0.05). AP induction was confirmed in all groups. The AMC group had the lower intensity of inflammatory infiltrate (p = 0.028) and less periapical bone resorption compared to control (p = 0.006). Regarding collagen maturation, PSR staining revealed a predominance of mature collagen fibers in all groups. The AC and AMC groups had the lower amount of mature fibers and the highest amount of immature fibers, compared to all other groups (p < 0.001). All groups showed bacterial contamination; however, the AC and AMC groups showed a lower extent of bacterial contamination compared to the control (p < 0.001). It can be concluded that systemic antibiotic therapy influences the development and progression of induced AP.
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the prophylactic and therapeutic supplementation with omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w-3 PUFAs) on the lipid profile and ...periapical bone resorption in rats with apical periodontitis. Forty male rats were divided into groups: control rats (C), rats treated with w-3 PUFAs (C+O), rats with pulp exposure-induced apical periodontitis (AP), and rats with AP treated with w-3 PUFAs (AP+O). The administration of w-3 PUFAs was carried out orally once a day for 15 days before pulp exposure and, subsequently, for an additional 30 days after pulp exposure. AP was induced by exposing pulpal tissues to the oral environment. The samples were collected after 30 days. Triglycerides and cholesterol levels were enzymatically measured using the Trinder method. The jaws were collected and submitted for histological analysis. Two-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis, and the significance was set at p<0.05. The triglyceride levels of the AP group were significantly higher than those of the C, C+O and AP+O groups (p<0.05). However, the difference in the cholesterol levels among the groups was not significant (p>0.05). Rats with AP showed larger areas of bone resorption as well as higher inflammatory intensity compared with rats with AP supplemented with w-3 PUFAs. It may be concluded that the presence of multiple AP foci increased the triglyceride levels. In addition, omega 3 supplementation might reduce these levels in rats with AP, as well as the bone resorption areas of periapical tissues.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da suplementação profilática e terapêutica com os ácidos graxos ômega-3 no perfil lipídico e na reabsorção óssea, em ratos com periodontite apical. Quarenta ratos machos foram divididos em grupos: ratos controle (C), ratos tratados com ácidos graxos ômega-3 (C+O), ratos com periodontite apical induzida por meio de exposição pulpar (PA), ratos com PA tratados com ácidos graxos ômega-3 (PA+O). A administração do ômega-3 foi realizada oralmente, uma vez ao dia durante 15 antes da exposição pulpar e, subsequentemente, por mais 30 dias depois da exposição pulpar. A PA foi induzida por meio da exposição do tecido pulpar ao ambiente oral. Após 30 dias, os ratos foram mortos e os níveis de triglicérides e colesterol foram mensurados pelo método enzimático de Trinder. As mandíbulas foram coletadas e submetidas à análise histológica. Análise de variância de dois fatores e teste de Kruskal-Wallis foram utilizados para análise estatística, e o nível de significância foi de p < 0,05. Os níveis de triglicérides do grupo PA foram significativamente maiores que dos grupos C, C+O e PA+O (p<0,05). Entretanto, não houve diferença significativa nos níveis de colesterol entre os grupos (p>0,05). Ratos com PA apresentaram maior área de reabsorção óssea bem como maior intensidade no infiltrado inflamatório comparados aos ratos com PA suplementados com ômega-3. Pode-se concluir que a presença de múltiplos focos de PA aumentou os níveis de triglicérides. Além disso, a suplementação com ômega-3 pode reduzir estes níveis em ratos com PA, bem como a área de reabsorção óssea dos tecidos periapicais.
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