NW Iberia includes a rather complete section of a Variscan suture, where different terranes with continental or oceanic affinities appear with clear structural relationships. Three groups of ...terranes, namely Upper, Ophiolitic and Basal units and a frontal tectonic mélange appear in Galicia, in Cabo Ortegal, Órdenes and Malpica-Tui complexes. They constitute a huge allochthonous pile thrust over the Iberian parautochthonous and autochthonous domains, which represent the section of the Gondwanan margin that escaped continental subduction during the Variscan cycle. Considering the allochthonous character of the nappe pile and the strong deformation associated to the Variscan collision, there are problems to identify the original tectonic setting of the terranes and thence, it is difficult to reconstruct the paleogeographic context during the Variscan and pre-Variscan times in detail. Key features to perform any model for the Variscan convergence should consider the existence of two different high-P metamorphic events (dated at c. 400 and 370Ma, respectively), separated in time for the generation of mafic-ultramafic sequences at c. 395Ma which constitute the most common ophiolites described in the Variscan suture.
Some dynamic models developed in NW Iberia have important problems to explain the observed tectonothermal evolution, especially the older high-P metamorphic event and the exhumation of deeply subducted transitional-type sections. On the other hand, the recently discovered participation of an older continental crust in the generation of different protoliths of the Middle Devonian ophiolites, makes difficult the interpretation of these ophiolites in relation to open wide oceanic domains. This paper describes the distribution, structure, lithologies, geochronology and chemical composition of the terranes involved in the Variscan suture of NW Spain. The scope of this description ranges from detailed regional aspects to the discussion of the development of the Variscan Orogen in the context of the assembly of Pangea. A two-stage collisional model affecting a wide Gondwanan platform may explain most of the evidences in NW Iberia. The generation of a long pull-apart basin probably occurred after the first collision, where the Devonian ophiolites were formed. These ophiolites have been in general described in the context of the Rheic Ocean, but according to the new existing data they do not seem related to this ocean, but rather they were formed after its closure.
Agricultural wastewater posseses serious threats to the environment and human health. In this work, we report a green microwave assisted synthesis of MOF-808 with tuned particle size. These materials ...have been proved to simultaneously degrade a toxic pesticide and capture phosphate from water over several cycles. The adsorbed phosphate can be further recovered, favoring a P-circular economy.
A green route to prepare Zr-based MOF-808 with controlled crystal size have been developed. MOF-808 is able to decontaminate wastewater by simultaneously degrading a toxic pesticide and recovering phosphate ions.
Ly6c is an antigen commonly used to differentiate between classical and non-classical monocytes/macrophages. Here we show its potential as a marker of the mouse vasculature, particularly of the ...retinal vascular plexuses. Ly6c was immunodetected in several tissues of C57BL/6 mice using isolectin IB4 as the control of vasculature staining. In the retina, Ly6c expression was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in intact, ischemic, and contralateral retinas from 0 to 30 days after the insult. Ly6c expression was observed in all organs and tissues tested, with a brighter signal and more homogeneous staining than the IB4. In the retinas, Ly6c was well expressed, allowing a detailed study of their anatomy. The three retinal plexuses were morphologically different, and from the superficial to the deep one occupied 15 ± 2, 24 ± 7, and 38 ± 1.4 percent of the retinal surface, respectively. In the injured retinas, there was extravasation of the classically activated monocyte/macrophages (Ly6c
) and the formation of new vessels in the superficial plexus, increasing the area occupied by it to 25 ± 1%. In the contralateral retinas, the superficial plexus area decreased gradually, reaching significance at 30 days, and Ly6c expression progressively disappeared in the intermediate and deep plexuses. Although the role of Ly6c in vascular endothelial cell function is still not completely understood, we demonstrate here that Ly6c can be used as a new specific marker of the mouse vasculature and to assess, qualitatively and quantitatively, vascular changes in health and disease.
Natural cannabidiol ((-)-CBD) and its derivatives have increased interest for medicinal applications due to their broad biological activity spectrum, including targeting of the cannabinoid receptors ...type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R). Herein, we synthesized the (+)-enantiomer of CBD and its derivative (+)-CBD hydroxypentylester ((+)-CBD-HPE) that showed enhanced CB1R and CB2R binding and functional activities compared to their respective (-) enantiomers. (+)-CBD-HPE Ki values for CB1R and CB2R were 3.1 ± 1.1 and 0.8 ± 0.1 nM respectively acting as CB1R antagonist and CB2R agonist. We further tested the capacity of (+)-CBD-HPE to prevent hyperglycemia and its complications in a mouse model. (+)-CBD-HPE significantly reduced streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by preserving pancreatic beta cell mass. (+)-CBD-HPE significantly reduced activation of NF-κB by phosphorylation by 15% compared to STZ-vehicle mice, and CD3+ T cell infiltration into the islets was avoided. Consequently, (+)-CBD-HPE prevented STZ-induced apoptosis in islets. STZ induced inflammation and kidney damage, visualized by a significant increase in plasma proinflammatory cytokines, creatinine, and BUN. Treatment with (+)-CBD-HPE significantly reduced 2.5-fold plasma IFN-γ and increased 3-fold IL-5 levels compared to STZ-treated mice, without altering IL-18. (+)-CBD-HPE also significantly reduced creatinine and BUN levels to those comparable to healthy controls. At the macroscopy level, (+)-CBD-HPE prevented STZ-induced lesions in the kidney and voided renal fibrosis and CD3+ T cell infiltration. Thus, (+)-enantiomers of CBD, particularly (+)-CBD-HPE, have a promising potential due to their pharmacological profile and synthesis, potentially to be used for metabolic and immune-related disorders.
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General practitioners play a passive role in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) management. Simplification of the diagnosis and use of a semiautomatic algorithm for treatment can facilitate the ...integration of general practitioners, which has cost advantages.
To determine differences in effectiveness between primary health care area (PHA) and in-laboratory specialized management protocols during 6 months of follow-up.
A multicenter, noninferiority, randomized, controlled trial with two open parallel arms and a cost-effectiveness analysis was performed in six tertiary hospitals in Spain. Sequentially screened patients with an intermediate to high OSA probability were randomized to PHA or in-laboratory management. The PHA arm involved a portable monitor with automatic scoring and semiautomatic therapeutic decision-making. The in-laboratory arm included polysomnography and specialized therapeutic decision-making. Patients in both arms received continuous positive airway pressure treatment or sleep hygiene and dietary treatment alone. The primary outcome measure was the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life, blood pressure, incidence of cardiovascular events, hospital resource utilization, continuous positive airway pressure adherence, and within-trial costs.
In total, 307 patients were randomized and 303 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Based on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the PHA protocol was noninferior to the in-laboratory protocol. Secondary outcome variables were similar between the protocols. The cost-effectiveness relationship favored the PHA arm, with a cost difference of €537.8 per patient.
PHA management may be an alternative to in-laboratory management for patients with an intermediate to high OSA probability. Given the clear economic advantage of outpatient management, this finding could change established clinical practice.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02141165).
The aim of the present study was to define the prognostic role of baseline serum albumin (BSA) in colorectal cancer (CRC) across tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages and other well defined prognostic ...factors. Many prognostic models in medicine employ BSA to define or refine treatments in very specific settings; in CRC, BSA has been found to be a prognostic factor as well. A retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with CRC demonstrated by biopsy, who attended a cancer center during a 7-year period. Multivariate analysis was utilized to define prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) employing the Cox model. In this retrospective cohort study, 1465 patients were included; 46.6% were females and 53.4% males (mean age, 59.1 years). Mean BSA was inversely correlated with TNM stages. By multivariate analysis, it was an independent explanatory variable. TNM stages, "R" classification, age, lymphocyte count, neutrophil/platelet ratio, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, postoperative morbidity, and BSA were independently associated with OS. Morbidities, surgery type, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were considered confounders after adjusting by TNM stages. BSA is a significant and independent prognostic factor in patients with CRC, and its effect is maintained across TNM strata and other well known clinical prognostic factors. It can be easily used in prognostic models and should be employed to stratify prognosis in therapeutic randomized clinical trials.
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