The article analyzes differences between hourly wages in private and public employment in Argentina, based on aspects usually considered as components of worker human capital (such as education, ...experience or skills) along with other personal characteristics or with the environment where the worker performs his tasks (such as the premises size or region where its located). Panel-data for the 2011-2015 period was built in order to analyze the gap between public and private employment average hourly wages. The Permanent Household Survey database prepared by the National Institute of Statistics and Census was the source of information. The Blinder-Oaxaca technique was applied, that breaks the wage differential into two groups, a part explained by characteristics of each group which are assumed to have some impact on productivity, such as education or work experience; and a residual part that cannot be explained by the former differences in human capital staffing. We conclude that 68.9% of the earnings’ differential (in absolute value) in favor of public employment is explained by higher human capital endowments of the workers in this sector. The effect of the coefficients (commonly associated with discrimination between sectors) explains only 12.4% of the observed hourly wage differential. The interaction term which is associated with structural factors of each of the analyzed labor markets (public or private), explains 18.7% of the hourly wage gap.
Updated cadastral land values are a matter of critical importance for local governments: higher revenue of property taxes, more equitable treatment to taxpayers, a fundamental input in the design of ...public policies related to access to land and housing for the most vulnerable and a key feature in land value capture strategies to finance public infrastructure, to name just a few public policies that require correct valuations of land. However, in Latin America, outdated cadastral values are common to most cities. The reasons for this can be found in the complexity of the mass appraisal process, lack of institutional and fiscal capacity to undertake it and bureaucratic resistance to its implementation.
The objective of this paper is to present a mass appraisal methodology that uses only free and open data to achieve robust urban land valuations. Information from the OpenStreetMap Project is used to generate several land variables. In addition, the Global Human Settlement Layer of the European Commission is used to determine the level of consolidation of urban sprawl. Land value data were obtained from the Mapa de Valores de América Latina, a collaborative initiative that systemizes more than 68,000 data from more than 900 cities.
This information is used to train three tree-based machine learning models: Random Forest, Quantile Random Forest and Gradient Boosting Model. The results support the viability of the proposed strategy, simplifying the mass appraisal process in terms of costs, time and complexity of the information used.
•We contributed to developing an accessible and cost effective methodology for the mass appraisal of urban land.•We applied machine learning and open data, achieving results simmilar to research based on large volumes of closed-access data.•The proposed approach is particularly applicable to cities without the fiscal capacity to conduct large valuation studies.•The proposal requires modifications in the legal valuation frameworks of Latin American cities in order to be successfully.
El presente artículo se ubica en un momento intermedio de implementación de un proyecto interdisciplinario en una escuela de educación secundaria de una ciudad de la Patagonia Argentina, cuando las ...personas protagonistas, por razones diversas, se replantean la continuidad de las acciones y/o la modalidad de estas. Se analiza la movilidad que este tipo de trabajo genera en docentes, personal directivo y estudiantes, desde lugares que les provocan inseguridad hacia otros relativamente cómodos o estables para ellos, dentro de sus zonas de confort. La perspectiva teórica sustenta la integración no solo de disciplinas, sino también de saberes, tiempos, comunidades y personas. Se reconocen elementos de la vida escolar a tener en cuenta para promover cierta sustentabilidad de este tipo de proyectos, relativos a la visibilidad de las fases de ejecución, la modalidad de enseñanza y el criterio de evaluación. También emerge una necesaria reconstrucción de la referencia epistemológica del grupo protagonista involucrado. PALABRAS CLAVE: Proyectos educativos, Educación secundaria, Interdisciplinariedad, Zona de confor. This article analyzes the capacity of teachers, administrators and students to move from areas that they consider to be outside of their comfort zone to areas where they feel relatively more comfortable or stable while participating in an interdisciplinary high school project executed in Patagonia, Argentina. The project was underway and halfway through completion when the protagonists, for different reasons, stopped to question continuing the project or not. Theoretical considerations for this study are based on the need for interdisciplinary integration that also include aspects of knowledge, time, community and people. It looks at different areas of everyday school life where these types of projects may be sustainable, particularly with regards to teaching and assessment criteria. For this case, the protagonists were ultimately faced with a need to reconstruct epistemological references. KEYWORDS: Educational projects, High School, Interdisciplinarity, Comfort Zone.
The aim of this issue is to contribute to the integration and communication between space syntax specifically, and architectural theory and practice in general. This aim comes both from a desire from ...our side, and a perceived potential for inspiring and rewarding contributions and developments from and to all sides in such an integration. This is neither a necessary nor obvious aim for space syntax research, but a potential that we would like to explore and a path we would like to see taken. However, we do think this aim comes with a range of consequences and questions to address, and the purpose of this issue is to contribute to address-ing some of these consequences and questions through its focus on diagrams and models, which forms only one, albeit arguably a crucial, part of such an endeavour. In stating it in this way, we do not mean to say that other steps have not been taken; it is a way to frame the topic of the issue that explains its intents in a clear manner.
PDF
