Brevipalpus phoenicis s.l. is an economically important vector of the Citrus leprosis virus-C (CiLV-C), one of the most severe diseases attacking citrus orchards worldwide. Effective control ...strategies for this mite should be designed based on basic information including its population structure, and particularly the factors that influence its dynamics. We sampled sweet orange orchards extensively in eight locations in Brazil and 12 in Mexico. Population genetic structure and genetic variation between both countries, among locations and among sampling sites within locations were evaluated by analysing nucleotide sequence data from fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). In both countries, B. yothersi was the most common species and was found in almost all locations. Individuals from B. papayensis were found in two locations in Brazil. Brevipalpus yothersi populations collected in Brazil were more genetically diverse (14 haplotypes) than Mexican populations (four haplotypes). Although geographical origin had a low but significant effect (ca. 25%) on the population structure, the greatest effect was from the within location comparison (37.02 %). Potential factors driving our results were discussed.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction
Active surveillance (AS) is considered a suitable management practice for those patients with low‐risk prostate cancer (PCa). At present, however, the role of multiparametric magnetic ...resonance imaging (mpMRI) in AS protocols has not yet been clearly established.
Outcomes
To determine the role of mpMRI and its ability to detect significant prostate cancer (SigPCa) in PCa patients enrolled in AS protocols.
Materials and Methods
There were 229 patients enrolled in an AS protocol between 2011 and 2020 at Reina Sofía University Hospital. MRI interpretation was based on PIRADS v.1 or v.2/2.1 classification. Demographics, clinical, and analytical data were collected and analyzed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for mpMRI in different scenarios. We defined SigPCa and reclassification/progression as a Gleason score (GS) ≥ 3 + 4, a clinical stage ≥T2b, or an increase in PCa volume. Kaplan–Meier and log‐rank tests were used to estimate progression‐free survival time.
Results
Median age was 69.02 (±7.73) at diagnosis, with a 0.15 (±0.08) PSA density (PSAD). Eighty‐six patients were reclassified after confirmatory biopsy, with a suspicious mpMRI an indication for a clear reclassification and risk‐predictor factor in disease progression (p < 0.05). During follow‐up, 46 patients were changed from AS to active treatment mainly due to disease progression. Ninety patients underwent ≥2mpMRI during follow‐up, with a median follow‐up of 29 (15–49) months. Thirty‐four patients had a baseline suspicious mpMRI (at diagnostic or confirmatory biopsy): 14 patients with a PIRADS 3 and 20 patients with ≥PIRADS 4. From 14 patients with a PIRADS 3 baseline mpMRI, 29% progressed radiologically, with a 50% progression rate versus 10% (1/10 patients) for those with similar or decreased mpMRI risk. Of the 56 patients with a non‐suspicious baseline mpMRI (PIRADS < 2), 14 patients (25%) had an increased degree of radiological suspicion, with a detection rate of SigPCa of 29%. The mpMRI NPV during follow‐up was 0.91.
Conclusion
A suspicious mpMRI increases the reclassification and disease progression risk during follow‐up and plays an important role in monitoring biopsies. In addition, a high NPV at mpMRI follow‐up can help to decrease the need to monitor biopsies during AS.
One of the emerging technologies that have sparked greater interest in pedagogical contexts is augmented reality. This paper aims to assess the impact, practices and attitudes that are generated from ...augmented reality in the initial training of future teachers, and the presence of these practices in a university training context. The study was carried out with 87 trainee primary teachers. Information was obtained by applying the Wilcoxon test. The qualitative data obtained in open questions were also triangulated. It is emphasized that students do not habitually use this resource at the university, and that with these practices there is sometimes a certain amount of distraction, and even of time being wasted. From the data analyzed, we also highlight that once the availability of resources, class planning and initial teacher training are overcome, augmented reality provides benefits and advantages centered on pedagogies that allow for greater enthusiasm on the part of the students, with significant advantages in creativity, innovation, participation, and especially in the motivation of participants. Coinciding with recent research, our results underline the need for initial training so as to be able to design and apply practices with augmented reality in teaching, and to take advantage of the aforementioned benefits.
Stroke causes CNS injury associated with strong fast microglial activation as part of the inflammatory response. In rat models of stroke, sulphonylurea receptor blockade with glibenclamide reduced ...cerebral edema and infarct volume. We postulated that glibenclamide administered during the early stages of stroke might foster neuroprotective microglial activity through ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel blockade. We found in vitro that BV2 cell line showed upregulated expression of KATP channel subunits in response to pro-inflammatory signals and that glibenclamide increases the reactive morphology of microglia, phagocytic capacity and TNFα release. Moreover, glibenclamide administered to rats 6, 12 and 24h after transient Middle Cerebral Artery occlusion improved neurological outcome and preserved neurons in the lesioned core three days after reperfusion. Immunohistochemistry with specific markers to neuron, astroglia, microglia and lymphocytes showed that resident amoeboid microglia are the main cell population in that necrotic zone. These reactive microglial cells express SUR1, SUR2B and Kir6.2 proteins that assemble in functional KATP channels. These findings provide that evidence for the key role of KATP channels in the control of microglial reactivity are consistent with a microglial effect of glibenclamide into the ischemic brain and suggest a neuroprotective role of microglia in the early stages of stroke.
► Reactive microglia express KATP channels in tMCAo rat brain. ► Glibenclamide improves neurological outcome and neuroprotection in tMCAo rats. ► Microglial activation enhances KATP channel expression in vitro. ► KATP channel blockade modulates microglial reactivity and phagocytosis in vitro. ► Glibenclamide effects in stroke therapy involve microglia-mediated neuroprotection.
•A systematic evaluation of filter Unsupervised Feature Selection methods is presented.•The most popular and recent filter UFS methods are included in our study.•The evaluation of the filter UFS ...methods followed the standards in the literature.•A general discussion based on the results of the evaluated methods is provided.•Some guidelines for the use of the evaluated filter UFS methods is also provided.
Unsupervised Feature Selection (UFS) has aroused great interest in the last years because of its practical significance and application on a large variety of problems in expert and intelligent systems where unlabeled data appear. Specifically, Unsupervised Feature Selection methods based on the filter approach have received more attention due to their efficiency, scalability, and simplicity. However, in the literature, there are no comprehensive studies for assessing such UFS methods when they are applied, under the same conditions, to a wide variety of real-world data. To fill this gap, in this paper, we present a comprehensive empirical and systematic evaluation of the most popular and recent filter UFS methods, evaluating their performance in terms of clustering, classification, and runtime. The filter methods used in our study were applied on 50 datasets from the UCI Machine Learning Repository and 25 high dimensional datasets from the ASU Feature Selection Repository. To evaluate if the outcomes obtained by the assessed methods are statistically significant, the Friedman test and Holm post hoc procedure were applied in the clustering and classification results. From our experiments, we provide some practical guidelines and insights for the use of the filter UFS methods analyzed in our study.
The objective of this research is to study the use in the construction industry of recycled slag (SL) and fly ash (FA) using from 0.1 to 5% calcium sulfate (wCS¯). These wastes have been used to make ...ternary mixture systems and evaluated in terms of technological properties as cementitious materials for building applications. Studying their micro-structure as hydration products, setting times and mechanical properties shows a way to develop new mixtures from high proportion of waste, which are alternatives to the traditional nature ternary systems: Portland cement (PC), calcium aluminate cement (CAC) and calcium sulphate (CS¯). Based on previous work with natural products, the selected SL/FA ratios were 9 and 2.3 and the sulphate contents were 0, 1 and 5%. The water/binder ratio used for these cementitious mixes was 0.4. The specimens prepared for strength determination were prisms of 10 × 10 × 60 mm. The pastes were prepared and cured at 20 °C and 98% relative humidity for 1 day and then either stored at 20 °C at 98% humidity (dry) or immersed in distilled water (wet) for 14 and 28 days. The results showed that both FA and SL mixed with CS¯ produce ettringite after 28 days of setting, and this phase was the main crystalline hydrated product in all mixes. Calcium sulphate stimulates the hydration reactions of the mixes and the strength increases when the CS¯ content is higher due to ettringite formation, while the setting time decreases, as happened in the systems prepared with natural materials.
Laser shock processing (LSP) is increasingly applied as an effective technology for improving the properties of different metallic components. This is done principally to enhance their corrosion and ...fatigue life behaviour, stress corrosion cracking resistance, etc. In this paper, LSP has been applied to a commercially pure Mg and a Mg-1Zn alloy (wt%) which is aimed to be used as a biodegradable material for biomedical applications. The rational for microalloying with Zn is not only influencing the bacterial response, but also enhancing corrosion resistance and mechanical strength of Mg without causing any toxic effect. The present work is focussed on the examination of the effects of the LSP treatment on the relevant surface related properties of the samples and their correlation with the surface and subsurface induced modifications such as residual stress state, microstructural, roughness, hardness, etc. Central to this investigation is the study of the corrosion response and antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus epidermidis of the different samples as a function of material and LSP parameters. The results show that the application of LSP introduces compressive residual stresses up to 1 mm deep. This occurs together with a significant improvement in corrosion resistance, and less bacterial colonization.
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•LSP treatment was successfully applied to extruded pure Mg and Mg1Zn alloy.•Maximum compressive residual stresses, in the range of 20%–25% of their yield strengths, have been achieved by moderate overlapping densities treatments.•Zinc-containing material is more corrosion resistant than pure Mg and the higher EOD promotes higher corrosion resistance at 24 h of immersion in DPBS.•LSP treatment enhances the resistance against bacteria adhesion of alloy and pure magnesium, and is slightly correlated with the density of pulses applied.
Contrasting the extensive research on summer atmospheric rivers (ARs) in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP), winter AR impacts are less understood. This study examines a unique warming event from 1 to 3 ...July 2023, using in situ winter observations and ERA5 reanalysis. On 2 July, Frei station experienced an extreme warm event with a temperature of 2.7°C and a significant rise in the freezing level, coinciding with winter rainfall. A pressure dipole pattern over the AP, with contrasting circulations over Bellingshausen and Weddell Seas, facilitated an AR, carrying warm, humid air initially from South America/Atlantic and then the southeast Pacific. This shift resulted in anomalous water stable isotope composition in precipitation. Trends suggest a strengthening winter pressure dipole, associated with increased AR frequency and higher temperatures in northern AP. These findings highlight the importance of winter observations in exploring AR impacts, bridging knowledge gaps about winter AR behaviors.
Plain Language Summary
The Antarctic Peninsula is increasingly witnessing climate extremes during summer, while the understanding of such extremes in winter remains limited. Our study explores a significant warming event in the northern Peninsula in early July 2023, utilizing recent winter in situ observations and atmospheric analysis. On 2 July, an exceptional temperature of 2.7°C was recorded, significantly altering the atmospheric freezing level and causing rainfall instead of snow. Our analysis revealed a unique atmospheric pattern around the Peninsula, characterized by varying air movements over the Bellingshausen and Weddell Seas. This pattern facilitated an “atmospheric river,” a flow of warm and moist air from lower latitudes, including continental South America/Atlantic and the southeast Pacific, as reflected in the precipitation's water stable isotope composition. This event is indicative of a potential trend toward more frequent and severe occurrences, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive winter research in the Antarctic Peninsula to understand the broader implications of extreme weather events and climate change.
Key Points
Early July 2023 had extreme winter warmth with rainfall in the northern Antarctic Peninsula, favored by an atmospheric river
In recent decades, strengthened winter pressure dipole has directed northerly warm and moist air, resulting in warm events in the region
We highlight the need for expanded winter research in the Antarctic Peninsula to better understand climate change and extreme weather events
Phenylketonuria (PKU), an autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene, results in the accumulation of blood phenylalanine (Phe) to ...neurotoxic levels. Current dietary and medical treatments are chronic and reduce, rather than normalize, blood Phe levels. Among the most frequently occurring PAH variants in PKU patients is the P281L (c.842C>T) variant. Using a CRISPR prime-edited hepatocyte cell line and a humanized PKU mouse model, we demonstrate efficient in vitro and in vivo correction of the P281L variant with adenine base editing. With the delivery of ABE8.8 mRNA and either of two guide RNAs in vivo using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in humanized PKU mice, we observe complete and durable normalization of blood Phe levels within 48 h of treatment, resulting from corrective PAH editing in the liver. These studies nominate a drug candidate for further development as a definitive treatment for a subset of PKU patients.
We present the results of the short-term constancy monitoring of candidate Gaia
Spectrophotometric Standard Stars (SPSS). We obtained time series of typically 1.24 h – with sampling periods from ...1–3 min to a few hours, depending on the case – to monitor the constancy of our candidate SPSS down to 10 mmag, as required for the calibration of Gaia photometric data. We monitored 162 out of a total of 212 SPSS candidates. The observing campaign started in 2006 and finished in 2015, using 143 observing nights on nine different instruments covering both hemispheres. Using differential photometry techniques, we built light curves with a typical precision of 4 mmag, depending on the data quality. As a result of our constancy assessment, 150 SPSS candidates were validated against short-term variability, and only 12 were rejected because of variability including some widely used flux standards such as BD+174708, SA 105−448, 1740346, and HD 37725.
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