InSpeculative Blackness, André M. Carrington analyzes the highly racialized genre of speculative fiction-including science fiction, fantasy, and utopian works, along with their fan cultures-to ...illustrate the relationship between genre conventions in media and the meanings ascribed to blackness in the popular imagination.
Carrington's argument about authorship, fandom, and race in a genre that has been both marginalized and celebrated offers a black perspective on iconic works of science fiction. He examines the career of actor Nichelle Nichols, who portrayed the character Uhura in the originalStar Trektelevision series and later became a recruiter for NASA, and the spin-off seriesStar Trek: Deep Space Nine, set on a space station commanded by a black captain. He recovers a pivotal but overlooked moment in 1950s science fiction fandom in which readers and writers of fanzines confronted issues of race by dealing with a fictitious black fan writer and questioning the relevance of race to his ostensible contributions to the 'zines. Carrington mines the productions of Marvel comics and the black-owned comics publisher Milestone Media, particularly the representations of black sexuality in its flagship title,Icon. He also interrogates online fan fiction about black British women inBuffy the Vampire Slayerand the Harry Potter series.Throughout this nuanced analysis, Carrington theorizes the relationship between race and genre in cultural production, revealing new understandings of the significance of blackness in twentieth-century American literature and culture.
In classification and diagnostic testing, the receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) plot and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) describe how an adjustable threshold causes changes in two types of ...error: false positives and false negatives. Only part of the ROC curve and AUC are informative however when they are used with imbalanced data. Hence, alternatives to the AUC have been proposed, such as the partial AUC and the area under the precision-recall curve. However, these alternatives cannot be as fully interpreted as the AUC, in part because they ignore some information about actual negatives.
We derive and propose a new concordant partial AUC and a new partial c statistic for ROC data-as foundational measures and methods to help understand and explain parts of the ROC plot and AUC. Our partial measures are continuous and discrete versions of the same measure, are derived from the AUC and c statistic respectively, are validated as equal to each other, and validated as equal in summation to whole measures where expected. Our partial measures are tested for validity on a classic ROC example from Fawcett, a variation thereof, and two real-life benchmark data sets in breast cancer: the Wisconsin and Ljubljana data sets. Interpretation of an example is then provided.
Results show the expected equalities between our new partial measures and the existing whole measures. The example interpretation illustrates the need for our newly derived partial measures.
The concordant partial area under the ROC curve was proposed and unlike previous partial measure alternatives, it maintains the characteristics of the AUC. The first partial c statistic for ROC plots was also proposed as an unbiased interpretation for part of an ROC curve. The expected equalities among and between our newly derived partial measures and their existing full measure counterparts are confirmed. These measures may be used with any data set but this paper focuses on imbalanced data with low prevalence.
Future work with our proposed measures may: demonstrate their value for imbalanced data with high prevalence, compare them to other measures not based on areas; and combine them with other ROC measures and techniques.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To develop and internally validate a deep-learning algorithm from fetal ultrasound images for the diagnosis of cystic hygromas in the first trimester. All first trimester ultrasound scans with a ...diagnosis of a cystic hygroma between 11 and 14 weeks gestation at our tertiary care centre in Ontario, Canada were studied. Ultrasound scans with normal nuchal translucency were used as controls. The dataset was partitioned with 75% of images used for model training and 25% used for model validation. Images were analyzed using a DenseNet model and the accuracy of the trained model to correctly identify cases of cystic hygroma was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Gradient class activation heat maps (Grad-CAM) were generated to assess model interpretability. The dataset included 289 sagittal fetal ultrasound images;129 cystic hygroma cases and 160 normal NT controls. Overall model accuracy was 93% (95% CI: 88-98%), sensitivity 92% (95% CI: 79-100%), specificity 94% (95% CI: 91-96%), and the area under the ROC curve 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89-1.0). Grad-CAM heat maps demonstrated that the model predictions were driven primarily by the fetal posterior cervical area. Our findings demonstrate that deep-learning algorithms can achieve high accuracy in diagnostic interpretation of cystic hygroma in the first trimester, validated against expert clinical assessment.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
Rapid identification of hematoma expansion (HE) risk at baseline is a priority in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients and may impact clinical decision making. Predictive scores using ...clinical features and Non-Contract Computed Tomography (NCCT)-based features exist, however, the extent to which each feature set contributes to identification is limited. This paper aims to investigate the relative value of clinical, radiological, and radiomics features in HE prediction.
Methods
Original data was retrospectively obtained from three major prospective clinical trials “Spot Sign” Selection of Intracerebral Hemorrhage to Guide Hemostatic Therapy (SPOTLIGHT)NCT01359202; The Spot Sign for Predicting and Treating ICH Growth Study (STOP-IT)NCT00810888 Patients baseline and follow-up scans following ICH were included. Clinical, NCCT radiological, and radiomics features were extracted, and multivariate modeling was conducted on each feature set.
Results
317 patients from 38 sites met inclusion criteria. Warfarin use (p=0.001) and GCS score (p=0.046) were significant clinical predictors of HE. The best performing model for HE prediction included clinical, radiological, and radiomic features with an area under the curve (AUC) of 87.7%. NCCT radiological features improved upon clinical benchmark model AUC by 6.5% and a clinical & radiomic combination model by 6.4%. Addition of radiomics features improved goodness of fit of both clinical (p=0.012) and clinical & NCCT radiological (p=0.007) models, with marginal improvements on AUC. Inclusion of NCCT radiological signs was best for ruling out HE whereas the radiomic features were best for ruling in HE.
Conclusion
NCCT-based radiological and radiomics features can improve HE prediction when added to clinical features.
Visual Abstract
Optimal performance is desired for decision-making in any field with binary classifiers and diagnostic tests, however common performance measures lack depth in information. The area under the ...receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the area under the precision recall curve are too general because they evaluate all decision thresholds including unrealistic ones. Conversely, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and the F1 score are too specific-they are measured at a single threshold that is optimal for some instances, but not others, which is not equitable. In between both approaches, we propose deep ROC analysis to measure performance in multiple groups of predicted risk (like calibration), or groups of true positive rate or false positive rate. In each group, we measure the group AUC (properly), normalized group AUC, and averages of: sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio positive and negative. The measurements can be compared between groups, to whole measures, to point measures and between models. We also provide a new interpretation of AUC in whole or part, as balanced average accuracy, relevant to individuals instead of pairs. We evaluate models in three case studies using our method and Python toolkit and confirm its utility.
This essay undertakes a reparative reading of Aya of Yopougon, a multivolume graphic novel by Marguerite Abouet and Clément Oubrerie. Setting Aya alongside other African comics and prevailing ...interpretations of African and Diasporic literatures, this interpretation coins the term "novelty" to describe the unique mode of representing subjects, space, and time in the text. This "novelty" situates Aya at the intersection of tendencies in African, European, and North American comics art, and it juxtaposes subtle renditions of everyday life with overdetermined representations of African societies and Africans in Diaspora. The essay also articulates the relevance of novelty for feminist, queer, and postcolonial theories, comics scholarship, and Diaspora Studies.
Editors' Introduction Spurgas, Alyson K.; Pak, Yumi; Carley, Robert F. ...
Lateral (Island Lake),
12/2023, Letnik:
12, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Responding to Palestinian organizers' calls to use our voice, continue to engage in conversations, and to speak out, this statement articulates what we see as the abolitionist and anti-colonial way ...forward—the only way we can commit to a free Palestine. Imagining and building alternatives is the future, the horizon of possibility, that Lateral, as part of the intellectual and activist project of cultural studies, is imperfectly but consistently striving toward. Here, we highlight work in this issue, including the Towards Third Worlding forum, articles, book reviews, and the second installment of the Positions podcast. We continue to welcome authors to join in this work of pushing the field of cultural studies further, towards its promise of critical inquiry matched by political engagement.
Editors' Introduction Carley, Robert; carrington, andré m.; Laine, Eero ...
Lateral (Island Lake),
06/2023, Letnik:
12, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This issue marks the addition of a new co-editor and several special projects, including Lateral‘s first podcast, Positions. This issue presents two important sections of work, both building on ...conversations in the field and across publications: "The Black Shoals Dossier," curated by Beenash Jafri, and the second part of "Crip Pandemic Life," edited by Alyson Patsavas and Theodora Danylevich. In addition to these impressive sections, the issue features three research articles and ten book reviews.
Contemporary African-American artist Kehinde Wiley recasts Old Master paintings with contemporary black models and other denizens of the Global South in a stylized interrogation of the historical ...legacy of fine art. By conceptualizing Wiley's portraiture as a practice of worldmaking, I will argue that his work reconfigures the relationship between visual culture and subjectivity, offering a powerful response to the norms of racial, gendered, and class representation inherited from modernity. Consequently, I argue, Wiley's work takes part in an evolving discourse of cosmopolitanism that extends the ongoing work of Paul Gilroy, Anthony Appiah, Monica Miller, Simon Gikandi, and others to imagine modernity, blackness, and diaspora as interrelated phenomena on a planetary scale.
In this article I forward an appraisal of the cultural politics of black hair and skin texture, apprehended in visual and tactile terms, in order to stimulate critical conversation on the role of the ...act of touch and the realm of the haptic in the propagation of knowledge about race and ethnicity. In turn, I explore how the developments in knowledge production examined below are germane to the articulation of racial and sexual power. This discussion proceeds from an analysis of current cultural interventions concerned with black hair (and their histories) to an assessment of the transformation of skin color's significance that is taking place under a new regime of colorblind racial ideology. I focus on two examples: a performance titled "You Can Touch My Hair" and an emergent system for the classification of black hair textures, the Andre Walker system. Through these examples, I argue that hair and skin texture may come to supplant skin color as a reified property of racial difference. Accordingly, interrogating the act of touch attests to the need for a critical orientation toward quasi-scientific practices that are currently constructing knowledge about skin texture in racialized and gendered terms.
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