HCI Models, Theories, and Frameworks provides a thorough pedagological survey of the science of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). HCI spans many disciplines and professions, including anthropology, ...cognitive psychology, computer graphics, graphical design, human factors engineering, interaction design, sociology, and software engineering. While many books and courses now address HCI technology and application areas, none has addressed HCI's multidisciplinary foundations with much scope or depth. This text fills a huge void in the university education and training of HCI students as well as in the lifelong learning and professional development of HCI practitioners. Contributors are leading researchers in the field of HCI. If you teach a second course in HCI, you should consider this book. This book provides a comprehensive understanding of the HCI concepts and methods in use today, presenting enough comparative detail to make primary sources more accessible. Chapters are formatted to facilitate comparisons among the various HCI models. Each chapter focuses on a different level of scientific analysis or approach, but all in an identical format, facilitating comparison and contrast of the various HCI models. Each approach is described in terms of its roots, motivation, and type of HCI problems it typically addresses. The approach is then compared with its nearest neighbors, illustrated in a paradigmatic application, and analyzed in terms of its future. This book is essential reading for professionals, educators, and students in HCI who want to gain a better understanding of the theoretical bases of HCI, and who will make use of a good background, refresher, reference to the field and/or index to the literature. * Contributors are leading researchers in the field of Human-Comptuter Interaction * Fills a major gap in current literature about the rich scientific foundations of HCI * Provides a thorough pedogological survey of the science of HCI
Clark and Fischer analyze social robots as
depictions, presenting characters that people can interact with in social settings. Unlike other types of depictions, the props for social robot depictions ...depend on emerging interactive technologies. This raises questions about how such depictions depict: They conflate character and prop in ways that delight, confuse, mistreat, and may become ordinary human-technology interactions.
Rapid advances in modern electronics place ever-accelerating demands on innovation towards more robust and versatile functional components. In the flexible electronics domain, novel material ...solutions often involve creative uses of common materials to reduce cost, while maintaining uncompromised performance. Here we combine a commercially available paraffin wax-polyolefin thermoplastic blend (elastomer matrix binder) with bulk-produced carbon nanofibres (charge percolation network for electron transport, and for imparting nanoscale roughness) to fabricate adherent thin-film composite electrodes. The simple wet-based process produces composite films capable of sustained ultra-high strain (500%) with resilient electrical performance (resistances of the order of 10(1)-10(2) Ω sq(-1)). The composites are also designed to be superhydrophobic for long-term corrosion protection, even maintaining extreme liquid repellency at severe strain. Comprised of inexpensive common materials applied in a single step, the present scalable approach eliminates manufacturing obstacles for commercially viable wearable electronics, flexible power storage devices and corrosion-resistant circuits.
Despite the vast opportunities offered by location-aware marketing (LAM), mobile customers' privacy concerns appear to be a major inhibiting factor in their acceptance of LAM. This study extends the ...privacy calculus model to explore the personalization–privacy paradox in LAM, with considerations of personal characteristics and two personalization approaches (covert and overt). Through an experimental study, we empirically validated the proposed model. Results suggest that the influences of personalization on the privacy risk/benefit beliefs vary upon the type of personalization systems (covert and overt), and that personal characteristics moderate the parameters and path structure of the privacy calculus model.
Today, "community" seems to be everywhere. At home, at work, and online, the vague but comforting idea of the community pervades every area of life. But have we lost the ability truly to understand ...what it means? The Neighborhood in the Internet investigates social and civic effects of community networks on local community, and how community network designs are appropriated and extended by community members.
Carroll uses his conceptual model of "community" to re-examine the Blacksburg Electronic Village – the first Web-based community network – applying it to attempts to sustain and enrich contemporary communities through information technology. The book provides an analysis of the role of community in contemporary paradigms for work and other activity mediated by the Internet. It brings to the fore a series of design experiments investigating new approaches to community networking and addresses the future trajectory and importance of community networks.
This book will be of interest to students of sociology, community psychology, human-computer interaction, information science, and computer-supported collaborative work.
The Cold War was a distinct and crucial period in Hong Kong’s evolution and in its relations with China and the rest of the world. Hong Kong was a window through which the West could monitor what was ...happening in China and an outlet that China could use to keep in touch with the outside world. Exploring the many complexities of Cold War politics from a global and interdisciplinary perspective, Hong Kong in the Cold War shows how Hong Kong attained and honed a pragmatic tradition that bridged the abyss between such opposite ideas as capitalism and communism, thus maintaining a compromise between China and the rest of the world. The chapters are written by nine leading international scholars and address issues of diplomacy and politics, finance and economics, intelligence and propaganda, refugees and humanitarianism, tourism and popular culture, and their lasting impact on Hong Kong. Far from simply describing a historical period, these essays show that Hong Kong’s unique Cold War experience may provide a viable blueprint for modern-day China to develop a similar model of good governance and may in fact hold the key to the successful implementation of the One Country Two Systems idea.
Clionaid boring sponges (
Cliona
sp.) may affect individual oyster growth and condition while destroying oyster habitats, which can impact restoration efforts and aquaculture for eastern oysters (
...Crassostrea virginica
). Since both oysters and boring sponges are affected by similar abiotic variables (i.e., salinity, tidal exposure), this study explored the potential trade-offs between these abiotic variables and sponge presence on growth, condition index, and survival of oysters using a fully-factorial in situ experiment across 3 sites in coastal GA, USA. Across all sites and tide heights, oysters with sponge grew 20% slower and had 10% lower condition index than oysters without sponge. Savannah State, the site with the lowest salinity (mean ± SD = 24.5 ± 2.1, range 20–28), exhibited growth rates that were 1.4–1.7 times faster than the other two sites, with even sponge-infested oysters exhibiting higher growth rates than uninfested oysters at the other two sites. In addition, growth rates of sponge-infested oysters were reduced by 26% relative to uninfested individuals in the low intertidal tier, but only by 12% in the upper intertidal zone, suggesting the negative impact also varies with tidal location. Therefore, oysters exposed to air for prolonged periods and placed in areas with polyhaline salinity exhibit fast growth and high relative condition index, although salinity may be confounded by other variables (food availability, fouling organisms). This study highlights the importance of considering site and tidal location for oyster restoration and culture.
Spin-orbit coupling is relatively weak for electrons in bulk silicon, but enhanced interactions are reported in nanostructures such as the quantum dots used for spin qubits. These interactions have ...been attributed to various dissimilar interface effects, including disorder or broken crystal symmetries. In this Letter, we use a double-quantum-dot qubit to probe these interactions by comparing the spins of separated singlet-triplet electron pairs. We observe both intravalley and intervalley mechanisms, each dominant for 110 and 100 magnetic field orientations, respectively, that are consistent with a broken crystal symmetry model. We also observe a third spin-flip mechanism caused by tunneling between the quantum dots. This improved understanding is important for qubit uniformity, spin control and decoherence, and two-qubit gates.
Sponge bioerosion is an important process on many carbonate reef ecosystems. Eutrophication has been linked with an increase in boring sponge abundance and biomass in coral reefs, yet the impacts on ...sponge bioerosion rates remain largely unexplored within oyster reef communities. The present study evaluated the impacts of nitrate and phosphate addition on the bioerosion of Cliona celata inhabiting carbonate substrates in the subtropical southeastern U.S. Using in situ and aquarium manipulations, sponge bioerosion rates were compared among control and nutrient addition treatments in three experiments. Overall, there were no differences in loss of calcium carbonate substrate among treatments in any of the experiments, though very high rates of bioerosion (up to 0.11 g CaCO3 day−1) were observed in the field experiments. Future research should consider the impacts of both inorganic and organic nutrient loading to fully understand the impacts of eutrophication on boring sponge ecology in subtropical oyster reefs.
•Sponge bioerosion of carbonate material remains largely understudied in oyster reef ecosystems.•Effects of eutrophication on sponge bioerosion of oysters is generally unknown.•No impact of inorganic eutrophication on sponge bioerosion found in experiments.•High rates of sponge bioerosion (0.11 g CaCO3 day−1) were measured in Georgia, USA.•Sponge bioerosion should be considered a major process on oyster reef ecosystems.
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