We have synthesized three new molecules that have three thienylethynyl arms substituting a central benzene core and different electron donor/acceptor groups in the three remaining phenyl positions. ...The absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescence, and transient triplet–triplet spectra are analyzed in the light of the electronic structure of the ground and excited states obtained from quantum‐chemical calculations. From the above, the relevant photophysical data (including quantum yields, lifetimes, and rate constants) could be derived. It was found that the major deactivation pathway is internal conversion, which competes with the fluorescence and intersystem crossing processes. For the three investigated compounds, we provide convincing theoretical support corroborating these findings and further conclusions based on the theoretical information obtained. These molecules are one of the very few cases in which the depolarization ratios, obtained from the NLO optical measurements, clearly reflect the octopolar configuration. Molecular hyperpolarizabilities have been measured and display a typical dependence on the donor–acceptor substitution pattern.
A fine tune! The ability to tune molecular properties by ad hoc organic synthesis permits fine control of the optical response of organic molecules used in plastic electronics (see figure). However, this requires a previous diagnosis of the key factors that decide the electro‐optical output. This work represents such an example and describes interesting phosphorescence and NLO properties emerging from their particular octopolar symmetry.
Posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS) is a well-reported phenomenon that usually takes place in the long-term course of patients following spinal cord injury. Different surgical procedures have been ...described: spinal cordectomy is usually a last option technique, but might be an excellent choice in patients with severe spinal cord injuries. We present a young patient with complete spinal cord injury after spine trauma, who developed posttraumatic syringomyelia with progressive motor deterioration twelve years after fixation. We performed a novel surgical technique (myelopexy) with excellent resolution of syringomyelia, sparing the negative implications of complete cord transection. Some artistic illustrations made by one of the corresponding authors are included, to better understanding of operative details.
Myelopexy: A novel technique in posttraumatic syringomyelia Casado Pellejero, Juan; Orduna Martínez, Javier; López López, Laura B. ...
Neurocirugía (Barcelona. Internet. English ed.),
January-February 2022, 2022 Jan-Feb, 2022-01-00, Letnik:
33, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS) is a well-reported phenomenon that usually takes place in the long-term course of patients following spinal cord injury. Different surgical procedures have been ...described: spinal cordectomy is usually a last option technique, but might be an excellent choice in patients with severe spinal cord injuries.
We present a young patient with complete spinal cord injury after spine trauma, who developed posttraumatic syringomyelia with progressive motor deterioration twelve years after fixation. We performed a novel surgical technique (myelopexy) with excellent resolution of syringomyelia, sparing the negative implications of complete cord transection. Some artistic illustrations made by one of the corresponding authors are included, to better understanding of operative details.
La siringomielia postraumática (SPT) es un fenómeno bien documentado, que suele ocurrir en la recuperación a largo plazo de los pacientes después de una lesión de la médula espinal. Se han descrito diferentes procedimientos quirúrgicos: la cordectomía de la médula espinal es generalmente una técnica que se considera como última opción, pero podría ser una excelente elección para pacientes con lesiones graves en dicha zona.
Presentamos el caso de un paciente joven con una lesión completa de la médula espinal después de un traumatismo de la columna vertebral, que desarrolló una siringomielia postraumática con un deterioro motor progresivo 12 años después de la fijación. Aplicamos una novedosa técnica quirúrgica (mielopexia) con una excelente resolución de la siringomielia, evitando las implicaciones negativas de la transección completa de la médula. Se incluyen algunas ilustraciones realizadas por uno de los autores para una mejor comprensión de los detalles de la intervención quirúrgica.
Acute negative-pressure hydrocephalus is an uncommon, underrecognized patology with a high morbidity and mortality. We propose an algorithm to facilitate the management of these patients, promoting ...the early diagnosis and the use of endoscopic third ventriculostomy as initial therapeutic option.
We performed an observational retrospective study in which patients diagnosed with acute negative-pressure hydrocephalus were included. Patient age and symptoms, primary etiology of hydrocephalus, previous shunt, infection and surgical procedures, time from clinical deterioration to endoscopic procedure, definitive treatment and patient outcomes were recorded. Our management algortihm is exposed and justified.
We identified five patients with diagnosis of acute negative-pressure hydrcephalus. In four of them the management algorithm was applied and early diagnosis and endoscopic ventriculostomy were performed. We observed complete succes of the endoscopic procedure in two patients (50%); the other two required permanent shunt, nevertheless resolution of the low-pressure state was achieved. One patient died after systemic infection (20%), 80% of the patients experienced good outcome.
The early identification of a negative-pressure hydrocephalic state is essential to reduce complications. Application of a specific management algortihm and early endoscopic third ventriculostomy could be advantageous to achieve better outcomes.
La hidrocefalia aguda a presión negativa es una entidad poco frecuente, infradiagnosticada y asociada a una elevada morbimortalidad. Se propone un algoritmo diagnóstico-terapéutico para el manejo de esta patología, valorando la realización de una ventriculostomía endoscópica de manera precoz.
Estudio retrospectivo observacional en el que se analizan los casos diagnosticados de hidrocefalia aguda a presión negativa en el periodo 2016–2020. Se recogieron los siguientes datos: edad, síntomas, causa primaria de hidrocefalia, existencia de derivación, infección o intervención quirúrgica previas, tiempo hasta la realización de la ventriculostomía, tratamiento definitivo de la hidrocefalia y estado clínico de los pacientes a los 6 meses. Se desarrolla el protocolo de manejo propuesto y se lleva a cabo una justificación fisiopatológica del mismo basada en una revisión bibliográfica.
Se identificaron 5 pacientes con diagnóstico de hidrocefalia aguda a presión negativa, en 4 de los cuales se aplicó el protocolo propuesto, llevándose a cabo un diagnóstico precoz y una ventriculostomía endoscópica temprana. Dos de ellos (50%) experimentaron una resolución completa de la hidrocefalia, mientras que en los otros 2 casos se apreció normalización de la presión intraventricular, aunque requirieron derivación permanente. Un paciente falleció por infección sistémica (20%), los otros 4 (80%) fueron dados de alta sin modificaciones reseñables en su estado clínico basal.
La rápida identificación de un estado de hidrocefalia aguda a presión negativa es crucial para el correcto manejo del paciente y para disminuir complicaciones. El empleo de un protocolo específico y la realización temprana de una ventriculostomía premamilar endoscópica podrían mejorar los resultados.
This Working Paper explores progress in the integration or mainstreaming of adaptation and related objectives into national development planning. It first provides an overview of the international ...mechanisms, including finance, to support the mainstreaming of climate change adaptation into development planning and policies in developing countries. Through a review of relevant planning documents in fifteen developing countries, it then examines key features in adaptation planning and mainstreaming of adaptation into development planning. These countries were because they have been amongst the highest recipients of adaptation-related bilateral development finance. The research provides a snapshot of current practice. Despite heightened international efforts to support developing countries, evidence of mainstreaming adaptation was only found in a few of the countries and in a few of the sectors studied here. It also found that where mainstreaming is occurring, linkages exist with other policy objectives including poverty reduction, promoting biodiversity and ecosystems, and urban and rural development. The findings may be a useful starting point to guide policy-relevant research, such as to what extent mainstreaming may be occurring on the ground (or not) and how well this progress is reflected in planning documents, as well as how to improve the effectiveness of development co-operation targeting adaptation. The paper may also help inform international efforts under the UNFCCC that are designed to support developing countries to mainstream adaptation priorities into development planning and policy.
This paper presents a combined experimental Raman and density functional theory (DFT) study of a series of oligothiophenes with variable π−core lengths and substituted at the α,ω- and β,β‘-terminal ...positions with perfluorohexyl, perfluorohexylcarbonyl, perfluoroarene, and cyano groups. The study covers the neutral and the electrochemically oxidized samples. The spectra have been assigned with the help of B3LYP/6-31G** calculations and interpreted by the predictions of effective conjugation coordinate (ECC) theory. Direct relationships between the bond length alternation (BLA) parameters and the Raman wavenumbers of the two most important bands of the spectra have been outlined showing the collective character of their electronic and vibrational properties. It is found that the topology of the thienyl electronic structure is not uniform along the conjugated core with the external rings more aromatic, whereas for the innermost part the π-electron delocalization is greater and extends with the increment of chain length. Perfluorohexyl substitution finely tunes the electronic properties via negative inductive effects. The β,β‘ isomers exhibit larger conformational distortion, which strongly modifies the mean conjugation length. Oxidation provokes electronic structure quinoidization spreading over the whole system but more marked in the central part of the π−core. The Raman features associated to quinoidization in the oxidized species have been interpreted in relation to the oligomer core length and the substitution regiochemistry.
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