Eritadenine from shiitake mushroom is a secondary metabolite with hypocholesterolemic, hypotensive and antiparasitic properties, thus promising for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. ...Eritadenine is obtained from submerged mycelial cultures of shiitake, but the actual yields remain unsatisfactory to explore potential applications or industrial-scale production. In this study, green and blue LED lights were tested to increase yields of eritadenine in submerged cultures of shiitake. Notably, blue LEDs increased yields by 13-14 times, reaching 165.7 mg/L, compared to darkness (11.2 mg/L) and green light (12.1 mg/L) (p < 0.05, Tukey test). Nitrogen sources yeast extract (YE) and peptone (at 2 g/L) increased eritadenine production. YE promoted 22.6 mg/L, while peptone 18.3 mg/L. The recovery of eritadenine was evaluated using amberlite and activated charcoal (AC) adsorption isotherms. AC demonstrated the highest adsorption rate, with 75 mg of eritadenine per gram of AC, according to the Freundlich isotherm. The desorption rate reached 93.95% at pH 10. The extract obtained from submerged cultures had eritadenine content of 63.31%, corresponding to 87.86% of recovery, according to HPLC analysis. Furthermore, the novel bioherbicidal potential of eritadenine was tested on in vitro Chrysanthemum morifolium plants. The cultures extract containing eritadenine had a detrimental impact on plant development, generating mortality of 100% at 3%, 0.5%, and 0.25%. Moreover, pure eritadenine exhibited a phytotoxic effect similar than glyphosate on leaves, stems and roots. These findings highlight the significant bioherbicidal properties of eritadenine. Further studies are needed to understand the biosynthetic pathway of eritadenine and its bioherbicidal properties on weeds and illicit crops.Eritadenine from shiitake mushroom is a secondary metabolite with hypocholesterolemic, hypotensive and antiparasitic properties, thus promising for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. Eritadenine is obtained from submerged mycelial cultures of shiitake, but the actual yields remain unsatisfactory to explore potential applications or industrial-scale production. In this study, green and blue LED lights were tested to increase yields of eritadenine in submerged cultures of shiitake. Notably, blue LEDs increased yields by 13-14 times, reaching 165.7 mg/L, compared to darkness (11.2 mg/L) and green light (12.1 mg/L) (p < 0.05, Tukey test). Nitrogen sources yeast extract (YE) and peptone (at 2 g/L) increased eritadenine production. YE promoted 22.6 mg/L, while peptone 18.3 mg/L. The recovery of eritadenine was evaluated using amberlite and activated charcoal (AC) adsorption isotherms. AC demonstrated the highest adsorption rate, with 75 mg of eritadenine per gram of AC, according to the Freundlich isotherm. The desorption rate reached 93.95% at pH 10. The extract obtained from submerged cultures had eritadenine content of 63.31%, corresponding to 87.86% of recovery, according to HPLC analysis. Furthermore, the novel bioherbicidal potential of eritadenine was tested on in vitro Chrysanthemum morifolium plants. The cultures extract containing eritadenine had a detrimental impact on plant development, generating mortality of 100% at 3%, 0.5%, and 0.25%. Moreover, pure eritadenine exhibited a phytotoxic effect similar than glyphosate on leaves, stems and roots. These findings highlight the significant bioherbicidal properties of eritadenine. Further studies are needed to understand the biosynthetic pathway of eritadenine and its bioherbicidal properties on weeds and illicit crops.
Los híbridos de Paulownia elongata X fortunei se consideran como una interesante alternativa para programas de producción de biomasa, materia prima la producción de pulpa y su utilización en procesos ...de recuperación de suelos explotados por minería. La propagación sexual presenta alta segregación genética por lo cual se recomienda la utilización de técnicas de reproducción in vitro. Se emplearon entrenudos y ápices los cuales después de ser desinfectados con etanol (70%) e hipoclorito de sodio (1%) durante diez minutos se establecieron en el medio de cultivo MS y se evaluaron diferentes concentraciones de BAP (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 y 3.0 mgL-1) en combinación con AIB (0, 0.1 y 1.0 mgL-1) y para el enraizamiento se evaluaron concentraciones de AIB (0. 0.5, 1 y 3.0 mgL-1). Los mejores resultados de proliferación y longitud de los brotes se obtuvieron con concentraciones de 1.5 mgL-1de BAP con 0.1 mgL-1 de AIB con 4 brotes/explante y una longitud de 4 cm. El enraizamiento se logró entre el 85% y 82% con la utilización de 1 y 3 mgL-1 de AIB respectivamente.
In the present study, the effect of biotization of
microplants with
and
on growth,
sp., incidence, and specialized metabolites content was evaluated. Analyses of root tissues of the microplants ...showed 100% endophytism with both microorganisms. During the acclimatization phase, plants with the endophytes
and
had a survival rate of 95% and 93%, respectively, compared to 75% for control plants. Then, under greenhouse conditions, a trial was carried out with biotized plants with or without
sp. inoculation, plants inoculated with
sp., and endophyte- and pathogen-free control. Biotized plants with the endophytes showed higher dry biomass and the incidence of
was lower (8% for
and 10% for
) compared to plants inoculated with the pathogen (82%). In addition, plants with
had the highest contents of total polyphenols (280 GAE/100 mg sample) and rosmarinic acid (28 mg RA/100 g sample). Thus, this study shows the potential of the technique of using the endophytes
and
on
microplants to improve plant survival and growth, decrease the incidence of
sp., and improve the contents of specialized metabolites, which can contribute to the sustainable management of this crop.
Hydroponic technologies have increased the cultivated area under greenhouses covered with UV filter polyethylene film. However, there is a concern about the antioxidant contents of lettuces produced ...under these systems. In this study, it was compared to the antioxidant contents of green and red leaf lettuces produced in two hydroponic systems in a greenhouse, against the ones produced with the conventional cultivation system by Colombian farmers. The antioxidant analysis revealed significant statistical differences for DPPH and Anthocyanin analyses (P=0) versus all other culture systems. The best results were obtained in the conventional cultivation. Red lettuce obtained the highest value of FRAP (655.3±82.6 mgAAE 100g-1), ABTS (17.8±6.9 mmolTE 100g-1), total phenols (680.2±69.3 mgGAE 100g-1) and anthocyanin (126.2±6.9 mgC3G 100g-1). Green lettuce exhibited the most antioxidant activity of DPPH (20.7±5.6 mmolTE 100g-1). These results suggest a detrimental effect of the greenhouse covered with UV filter polyethylene film in the antioxidant production of lettuce. Finally, red leaf lettuce showed better antioxidant capacity independent of the cultivation system.
El mortiño (Vaccinium meridionale Sw.) es una especie frutal de interés por su contenido de polifenoles. Para el fomento del cultivo se requiere una efectiva propagación masiva. Esta investigación ...tuvo por objetivo desarrollar un sistema de micropropagación de tres genotipos silvestres de mortiño mediante la proliferación de yemas axilares y su enraizamiento ex vitro. Para los ensayos de micropropagación se utilizaron como fuente de explantes miniestacas inducidas a través de podas. Después de estandarizar el protocolo de desinfección, se evaluó el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de 2-isopenteniladenina (2-iP) sobre la proliferación en el medio de cultivo basal WPM sobre la proliferación. El enraizamiento se realizó bajo condiciones ex vitro con ácido indolbutírico (AIB). En la etapa de proliferación se utilizó la concentración de 5 mg/l de 2-iP, que aunque presentó un menor número de brotes (2,1 a 1,7 por explante) respecto a la concentración de 20 mg/l de 2-iP, estos fueron de origen axilar y de mayor altura. Cada subcultivo se realizó con una periodicidad de 30 días. Estos brotes enraizaron entre el 66,6 y 80% bajo condiciones ex vitro con 2.000 mg/l de AIB y tuvieron una supervivencia del 82,7%. El proceso de enraizamiento ex vitro hasta la obtención de plantas competentes listas para sembrar en campo dura tres meses.
Plants of the Amaryllidoideae subfamily are characterized by the presence of isoquinoline alkaloids called Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. These compounds have exhibited a broad spectrum of pharmacological ...effects, including anti-Alzheimer and anti-cancer. In this study, Caliphruria tenera Baker, Amaryllidaceae, an endangered and endemic species, was selected to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on plant micropropagation, biomass increase, and production of cytotoxic alkaloids. Different growth regulators were used individually and mixed, and the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids were identified and quantified by GC-MS. The maximum number of in vitro shoots (4.8) was recorded with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1 mg/L) + Kinetin (KIN) (1 mg/L) + Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.2 mg/L). In addition, nineteen alkaloids were identified as crinine, galantamine, lycorine, narciclasine, and tazzetine-type alkaloids in cultivated and micropropagated plants. In general, the biomass was maximized with the growth hormone combination BAP + KIN + NAA, but the biosynthesis of alkaloids was minimized. However, the combination BAP + NAA showed the greatest productivity of trisphaeridine (632.01 μg/g). The growth regulators showed also a positive effect on the production of lycorine-type alkaloids with a content of 396.33 μg/g for KIN, 142.38 μg/g for BAP, and 41.67 μg/g for NAA. All alkaloid fractions were evaluated for their antiproliferative effects against human lung carcinoma (A549) and human keratinocytes (HaCat) cells. The alkaloids produced in the BAP + NAA treatment present a potent and selective cytotoxic against the A549 cell line at 30 μg/mL. This study shows that micropropagation is a promising approach for the production of cytotoxic Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in C. tenera without affecting natural populations.
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•Amaryllidoideae subfamily is characterized by the presence of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids.•Caliphruria tenera was selected for their micropropagation and alkaloid production.•Nineteen alkaloids were identified in cultivated and micropropagated plants.•The growth regulators showed a positive effect on the production of lycorine type alkaloids.•The alkaloids produced in the BAP + NAA treatment contributed to the cytotoxic effects.
A greenhouse bioassay was carried out to determine the mycorrhizal dependency of alcaparro (Senna pistaciifolia Kunth). A randomized complete experimental design was employed, with six treatments in ...a factorial arrangement 3x2; the treatments consisted of three levels in soil solution phosphorus (P) (0.002, 0.02, and 0.2 mg L-1) combined with two levels of mycorrhizal inoculation either uninoculated or inoculated with Glomus agreggatum. The variables studied were leaf P content as a function of time, shoot dry matter, shoot P content, mycorrhizal colonization of roots, and the mycorrhizal dependency (MD). The results indicate that the leaf P content increased significantly with the mycorrhizal inoculation in alcaparro to 0.02 mg L-1 after the second sampling days, but not in the other soil P levels. Likewise, shoot dry weight increased significantly at 0.02 mg L-1. On the other hand, the total plant P content increase at all levels of soil available P. The mycorrhizal colonization in alcaparro roots was 11, 23, and 0% at 0.02, 0.002 and 0.2 mg of P L-1, respectively. The MD for alcaparro was 32%, which allow classify this specie as moderately dependent on the mycorrhizal association.
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