Tomando Thorstein Veblen como autor de um sistema original de economia política, este artigo explora as conexões entre o contexto social e a estrutura do método e da teoria que o fundador do ...institucionalismo propôs. Dentro disso, duas ideias se destacam: analisar o sistema vebleniano, tomando predominantemente por base o capítulo introdutório de seu livro de 1914, The Instinct of Workmanship and the State of Industrial Arts, aqui considerado como a mais clara exposição de sua economia política; e, em consonância com um conjunto de interpretações historiográficas do tempo e do lugar de Veblen, expor a estrutura da sua proposta teórico-metodológica como reflexo dessas condições contextuais.
This paper explores some ontological and epistemological conditions of the emergence of the Veblenian system of political economy. For that, we refer to Foucault's archaeology of political economy, ...since it offers insights into some of the relations that help us to understand the underlying structure of thought in Veblen's historical intellectual context. Considering Foucault's archaeology as a reference, it is possible to understand how Veblen, inspired by the epistemological conditions that political economy shared with biology, constructed a unique method in economic thought, thus overcoming what was at that time one of its main characteristics: teleology.
Este artigo explora algumas condições ontológicas e epistemológicas da emergência do sistema vebleniano de economia política. Para tal, recorre-se à Arqueologia da Economia Política de Foucault, uma vez que ela pode oferecer insights a respeito da estrutura basilar do contexto intelectual em que Veblen criou seu sistema. Tomando essa arqueologia foulcadiana como referência, é possível entender como Veblen, inspirado pelas condições epistemológicas que a economia política dividia com a biologia, construiu uma metodologia peculiar para o pensamento econômico, ultrapassando uma das principais da economia política de seu tempo: a teleologia.
Excavations in the Roman villa of Aiano yielded twenty glass beads, a pendant, and a glass-recycling furnace, originally interpreted as a bead workshop. This article re-assesses the evidence of bead ...making in light of new data obtained thanks to recent progress in archaeological glass studies. A detailed study of the typology, technology, and chemical composition of the beads clearly excludes local production. Instead, two different forming techniques, four different base glasses (Roman, HIMT, Foy 2.1 and Foy 2.1/HIMT), and numerous colouring and opacifying materials point to a well-established and extensive network of the Roman bead trade, in which Aiano evidently participated. The majority of the beads can be related to the monumentalization of the villa in the fourth to fifth century ad and represent a sample of the ornaments worn by its inhabitants.
This paper verifies the evolution of the remuneration pattern of different higher-level careers within the Brazilian federal executive branch from 1998 to 2015. In recent years, the differences in ...remuneration have substantially increased in the Brazilian civil service. However, the results obtained through cluster analysis suggest a pattern of greater pay raise for "typical state careers" to the detriment of others. This reveals a pattern of salary appreciation within the executive branch and, especially, an internal distributive conflict, in which those careers closer to the central power and with characteristics of "typical state careers" were gradually benefiting, establishing a major change in the relative remuneration pattern among different careers over the studied period. Keywords: cluster analysis; civil servants salaries; Brazilian federal executive branch; state careers. O objetivo principal do presente trabalho e verificar como evoluiu o padrao remuneratorio das diferentes carreiras com nivel superior dentro do Poder Executivo Federal ao longo do periodo de 1998 a 2015. A justificativa para se estudar esses diferenciais salariais e que, nos ultimos anos, se verificou um aumento substancial dos salarios do funcionalismo publico brasileiro. No entanto, os resultados obtidos pela tecnica de analise de agrupamento sugerem que existe um padrao de maior valorizacao das carreiras chamadas tipicas de Estado, em detrimento de outras. Isso revela um padrao de apreciacao de salarios dentro do Poder Executivo e, principalmente, um conflito distributivo interno, em que aquelas carreiras mais proximas do poder central e com as caracteristicas de "tipicas de Estado" foram sendo gradativamente beneficiadas, estabelecendo uma grande mudanca no padrao remuneratorio relativo ao longo do periodo analisado. Palavras-chave: analise de cluster; salarios publicos; Poder Executivo Brasileiro; carreiras de estado. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es verificar como ha evolucionado el patron retributivo de las distintas carreras con educacion superior dentro del Poder Ejecutivo federal durante el periodo de 1998 a 2015. La justificacion para estudiar estos diferenciales salariales es que, en los ultimos anos, se ha verificado un aumento sustancial de los salarios de los funcionarios publicos brasilenos. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos por la tecnica de analisis de conglomerados sugieren que existe un patron de mayor apreciacion de las carreras denominadas tipicas del Estado, en detrimento de otras. Esto revela un patron de apreciacion salarial al interior del Poder Ejecutivo y, principalmente, un conflicto distributivo interno, en que las carreras mas cercanas al poder central y con las caracteristicas de "tipicas del Estado" fueron paulatinamente beneficiadas, estableciendo un cambio importante en el patron de remuneracion relativa durante el periodo analizado. Palabras clave: analisis de conglomerados; salarios publicos; Poder Ejecutivo brasileno; carreras estatales.
This article provides a normative account to justify why economics should be a more interdisciplinary social science. The philosophy of science we use to ground this defense is Laurence BonJour's ...coherentist theory of justification. Through his philosophical framework, we present a justification for economics to be more mindful of its fellow social sciences as a way to understand social phenomena more thoroughly. Our conclusion is that interdisciplinarity may enable economics to represent its own knowledge to itself in new forms. This does not mean economics' correspondence with reality will eventually become flawless-it simply represents the fact that economic reasoning has plenty of room for improvement.
Resumo Este artigo apresenta a aplicação de um modelo interpretativo para o estudo da presença de economistas no governo, com especial atenção ao caso brasileiro. Baseando-se em teorias e conceitos ...da sociologia e do chamado “campo de públicas”, elabora-se um modelo de oferta e demanda de economistas no governo. Para isso, mobilizam-se a sociologia do sistema de profissões de Andrew Abbott e o conceito de capacidades estatais. Esse modelo interpretativo é aplicado para a análise de três momentos da história dos economistas no governo brasileiro: o surgimento da demanda pelo conhecimento econômico no Estado burocrático brasileiro a partir dos anos de 1930 e 1940; a construção de um sistema e de uma comunidade mais sofisticada de economistas ao redor dos anos de 1960; e os debates sobre desigualdade e inflação nos anos de 1970 e 1980.
Abstract The paper presents the use of an interpretative model to study the presence of economists in government, with special attention to the Brazilian case. Based on theories and concepts from sociology and policy analysis, a model of supply and demand for economists in government is devised. To this end, we use Andrew Abbott's sociology of the system of professions and the concept of state capacities. This interpretive model is applied to the analysis of three moments in the history of economists in the Brazilian government: the emergence of the demand for economic knowledge in the Brazilian bureaucratic state in the 1930s and 1940s, the building of a more sophisticated system and community of economists around the 1960s, and the debates about inequality and inflation in the 1970s and 1980s.
Este artigo pretende contribuir com a tendência revisionista da biografia intelectual de Thorstein Veblen. Especificamente, almejamos estudar o lugar de Veblen entre os economistas de seu tempo nos ...Estados Unidos. Para tanto, analisamos a audiência, o contexto e a estrutura da argumentação que o fundador do institucionalismo usou em uma série de textos publicados entre 1898 e 1909. A essa série demos o nome de "crítica sistemática do pensamento econômico". Identificamos que Veblen estruturou seu argumento com a explícita intenção de costurar um acordo com sua audiência de economistas, utilizando para tal o expediente retórico de "reinvenção da tradição".
This paper aims to contribute to the revisionist tendency regarding Thorstein Veblen's intellectual biography. Specifically, it aimed to study Veblen's position among the economists of his time in the United States. For this purpose, the audience, the context and the structure of the argument used by the founder of institutionalism were analyzed in a series of texts published between 1898 and 1909. This series was named "systematic critique of economic thought". It was concluded that Veblen framed his argument with the explicit intention of reaching an agreement with his audience of economists, through the rhetorical device of the "reinvention of the tradition".
In the last two decades, Brazil has hosted some of the world's greatest sports events, the Pan American Games (2007), the FIFA World Cup (2014), and the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games (2016). ...Thus, dealing with the funding for sports and leisure in Brazil, this article aims to study the public funding of sport and leisure in Brazil at the state level and test the adherence of state funding for sport and leisure to the theory of punctuated equilibrium. This quantitative research was based on data regarding resources allocated by the Brazilian states budget between 2002 and 2018. The comparison of the sports and leisure area of public policy across states and with other areas of public policy confirms the central hypothesis of the punctuated equilibrium theory. Our data and results show how sports mega-events, together with political and economic events, were decisive for the punctuation of state funding for sport in Brazil. Also, we discuss how factors typically noted by the theory of punctuated equilibrium were important in agenda setting and affected the pattern of sports investments at the state level in Brazil.
This paper aims to contribute to the revisionist tendency regarding Thorstein Veblen's intellectual biography. Specifically, it aimed to study Veblen's position among the economists of his time in ...the United States. For this purpose, the audience, the context and the structure of the argument used by the founder of institutionalism were analyzed in a series of texts published between 1898 and 1909. This series was named "systematic critique of economic thought". It was concluded that Veblen framed his argument with the explicit intention of reaching an agreement with his audience of economists, through the rhetorical device of the "reinvention of the tradition".
Abstract This paper offers a quantitative study measuring, through citation analysis, the historical relationship between economics and the other social sciences (that is, anthropology, political ...science, psychology, and sociology). The exercise suggested here comprehends the period from 1959 to 2018 in order to understand both whether economics has opened more space for the other social sciences and, if so, the subtleties of this process. The paper also develops an original asymmetry measure for interdisciplinarity-the Coefficient of Interdisciplinary Asymmetry.
Resumo Esse artigo apresenta um estudo quantitativo que mede, através de análise de citação, as relações históricas entre a ciência econômica e as outras ciências sociais (isto é, antropologia, ciência política, psicologia e sociologia). O exercício aqui proposto abarca o período entre 1959 e 2018, e busca compreender se a economia abriu mais espaço para as demais ciências, e, se esse for o caso, as sutilezas desse processo. Esse artigo desenvolve, ainda, uma medida original de assimetria para a interdisciplinaridade - o Coeficiente de Assimetria Interdisciplinar.
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