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•Essential oils from Zanthoxylum rhoifolium leaves-containing nanoparticles for control of Bemisia tabaci were developed.•Nanoprecipitation was efficient for preparation of PCL ...nanoparticles containing essential oils.•Encapsulation is an effective protector of active ingredients.•We observed a biphasic release profile during an in vitro study.
The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize biodegradable nanospheres containing essential oils from Zanthoxylum rhoifolium leaves and evaluate its insecticidal effect in Bemisia tabaci populations. The essential oil from Z. rhoifolium leaves exhibited an average yield of 0.03% and presented β-elemene (31.26%), D-germacrene (18.16%), β-caryophyllene (12.09%), δ-elemene (7.63%), β-cedrene (6.69%), bicyclogermacrene (4.57%) and E-caryophyllene (3.63%) as main components. The PCL nanospheres containing this essential oil exhibited encapsulation efficiency higher than 96%, pH close to 5, particle diameter smaller than 500nm and zeta potential values of approximately −20mV. The in vitro release profile was characteristic of biphasic release, i.e., a fast initial release, followed by slow release for 12h or more. The biological assay results were also significant and as such both the in natura and nanoencapsulated essential oils resulted in reductions as high as 95% in the number of eggs and nymphs compared with our control. Collectively these results suggest that both in natura and nanoencapsulated essential oils from Z. rhoifolium leaves can potentially be used in B. tabaci control in association with integrated pest management practices.
The aim of our study was to produce and characterize poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanospheres containing essential oils from
fruit and to evaluate their stability gains as well as their insecticidal and ...deterrent activities against whitefly (
). The PCL nanospheres exhibited a homogeneous spherical morphology, with particle diameters between 106.7 nm and 129.2 nm, pH of approximately 6, zeta potential (ZP) lower than -19.0 mV and encapsulation efficiency higher than 98%. Only 43% of the nanoencapsulated essential oil (NSEO) was degraded in response to ultraviolet light, whereas the essential oil (EO) degraded by 76% over the same period. In a free-choice test, the NSEO and EO reduced the number of whitefly eggs by approximately 70%. NSEO and EO at 1.5% killed 82.87% and 91.23% of 2nd-instar nymphs of whitefly, respectively. Although NSEO displayed lower insecticidal activity, it offers a greater advantage over the free EO, due to protection conferred by polymer against photodegradation. Therefore, its usage may optimize the maintenance of essential oils in the field through photoprotection and controlled release. Our results suggest that the EO of
fruit can be used for
management strategy; nevertheless, the benefits of NSEO require further evaluation at the field level.
This study investigated the chemical composition and the antifungal activity of the essential oil extracted from the Hymenaea stigonocarpa fruit peel (HSFPEO) against Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia ...sclerotiorum, Aspergillus flavus and Colletotrichum truncatum. The HSFPEO obtained through hydrodistillation was analyzed with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The antifungal activity was determined by the mean mycelial growth inhibition of the fungus treated with essential oils and growth control. The major constituents of HSFPEO were spathulenol (25.19%) and caryophyllene oxide (13.33%). HSFPEO demonstrated antifungal activity against all fungi tested in all concentrations evaluated in a dose-dependent behavior. The best results were observed against B. cinerea and A. flavus, in which the lowest concentration tested inhibited more than 70% of mycelial growth. Based on the current knowledge, this study describes for the first time the chemical composition and the antifungal activity of HSFPEO against the phytopathogenic fungi B. cinerea and C. truncatum.
Bemisia tabaci
is an agricultural pest of worldwide distribution that causes serious damage to several crops. It is of crucial importance to control this pest, especially for large-scale production. ...Accordingly, formulations based on essential oils of pesticidal action are potentially promising in the agricultural sector. Additionally, the nanoencapsulation of these bioactive compounds promotes their protection from environmental degradation and prolongs their biological activity. Here, we develop PCL (poly-ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles containing essential oils of
Xylopia aromatica
leaves and fruits and evaluate their insecticidal effect in
B. tabaci
Middle East Asia Minor 1 biotype B. The average yields of essential oils from leaves and fruits of
X. aromatica
were 0.05 and 0.80%, respectively. The major compounds in the essential oil of leaves were bicyclogermacrene (44.80%), α-pinene (8.23%) and β-pinene (7.75%) while in fruits were α-pinene (35.40%), β-phellandrene (31.05%) and β-pinene (22.51%). The PCL nanoparticles containing the essential oils exhibited encapsulation efficiency of 95% and particle diameter smaller than 500 nm. Biodegradable nanospheres substantially protected the essential oils from accelerated degradation caused by UV light and also prevented possible phytotoxic activity of the in natura essential oil from leaves of
X. aromatica
in high concentrations, probably due to the gradual release. In natura and nanoencapsulated essential oils from leaves and fruits decreased (up to 98%) the oviposition of
B. tabaci
in common bean leaves. Our results indicate that both in natura and nanoencapsulated oils of
X. aromatica
may potentially be used as alternative to the chemical control of
B. tabaci
.
Graphic abstract
Bemisia
tabaci
(Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Middle-East Asia Minor 1 is a major pest of agricultural production systems. It is controlled by synthetic insecticides. Essential oils are ...promising eco-friendly alternatives. This study developed and characterized nanoparticles loaded with essential oils of
Zanthoxylum riedelianum
Engl. (Rutaceae) leaves and evaluated their potential for
B. tabaci
management. The essential oil exhibited an average yield of 0.02% (w w
−1
) and showed as major components γ-elemene (24.81%), phytol (18.16%), bicyclogermacrene (16.18%),
cis
-nerolidol (8.26%), and D-germacrene (6.52%). Characterization of the nanoparticles showed a pH between 4.5 and 6.7, a zeta potential of approximately − 25 mV, particle-size distribution ranging from 450 to 550 nm, and encapsulation efficiency close to 98%. The nanoencapsulation was an efficient process that provided photostability against photodegradation. Bioassays with crude and nanoencapsulated essential oils significantly reduced the number of nymphs and eggs of
B. tabaci
, with the best results observed at concentrations of 5 and 2% (v v
−1
). Our results demonstrated that essential oils from
Z. riedelianum
can be nanoformulated resulting in a stable product while maintaining their biological activity against
B. tabaci
Middle-East Asia Minor 1.
Siparuna guianensis is a Brazilian plant with extensive ethnobotanical indication and identified as one of the priority species that should be preserved in the Brazilian Cerrado. This work aimed to ...investigate the chemical composition and the antibacterial effects of the essential oil from leaves of S. guianensis (SG-EO) grown in southeastern Brazil against a representative panel of oral pathogens and mycobacteria. Anticariogenic and antimycobacterial activities of SG-EO were evaluated in terms of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The essential oil from leaves of S. guianensis was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty one compounds were identified, accounting for 92.7 % of the SG-EO composition. E,E-famesol (18.0 %), P-myrcene (16.0 %), germacrene-D (10.0 %) and siparunone (14.6 %) were the major SG-EO constituents. SG-EO showed the strongest anticariogenic activity against the aerobic bacterium Streptococcus mutans (MIC of 50 microg/mL). SG-EO was also evaluated for its antimycobacterial activity, and showed MIC values of 250 microg/mL against Mycobacterium avium and 500 microg/mL against M. tuberculosis and M. kansasii. These results imply that S. guianensis may be a new alternative source of substances of medicinal interest. This is the first report of anticariogenic and antimycobacterial activities of essential oil of S. guianensis. Keywords: antimycobacterial activity; cariogenic bacteria; essential oil; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Siparuna guianensis; Streptococcus mutans
Encapsulation via nanotechnology offers a potential method to overcome limited thermal and photo-stability of botanical pesticides. In this study, nanospheres of essential oils (NSEO) derived from
...Lam. fruit were characterized and evaluated for their photostability and insecticidal activity against
Three major compounds of
fruits were detected by CG-MS: β-phellandrene (76.8%), β-myrcene (9.6%), and germacrene D (8.3%). The nanoprecipitation method was used to obtain homogeneous spherical NSEO, with ≥98% encapsulation efficiency. Tests with UV/Vis spectrophotometry showed significantly reduced photodegradation from exposed NSEO samples when compared with essential oil (EO) controls. Whitefly screenhouses bioassays with bean plants treated with 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% suspensions showed EO treatments in both free and nanoencapsulated forms reduced adult whitefly oviposition by up to 71%. In further tests, applications at 1.5% caused ≥64% mortality of second instar nymphs. When the test was conducted under high temperature and light radiation conditions, the insecticidal effect of NSEO treatments was improved (i.e., 84.3% mortality) when compared to the free form (64.8%). Our results indicate the insecticidal potential of EO-derived from
fruits with further formulation as nanospheres providing greater photostability and enhanced insecticidal activity against
under adverse environmental conditions.
Xanthyletin is used as an inhibitor of the symbiotic fungus (Leucoagaricus gongylophorus) of the leaf-cutting ant (Atta sexdens rubropilosa), one of the most significant agricultural plague insects. ...The incorporation of this compound into nanoparticles is a promising approach to effectively control leaf-cutting ants. This study presents the development and validation of a specific analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for quantification of the xanthyletin content in biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles. The analytical methodology developed was specific, linear, accurate, precise, and robust. The absolute recovery of xanthyletin in colloidal suspensions was nearly 100%. The HPLC method proved reliable for the quantification of xanthyletin content in nanoparticle formulations.
Campomanesia adamantium is a native fruit species of the Cerrado and is used in food and medicines and as bee pasture. The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from plants of the same ...species have varying constituent proportions due to the influence of extractive factors, environmental, genetic and ontogenetic. This study aimed to identify the influence of hydrodistillation time on the content and chemical composition of essential oil extracted from the leaves of C. adamantium . Treatments consisted of five extraction times (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5h) using Clevenger with five replications in a completely randomized design. It was observed that after two hours of hydrodistillation, the essential oil content remains constant. Regarding the chemical constituents of essential oil, variation of the proportions of the compounds tested occurred at all hydrodistillation times. The compounds spathulenol oxygenated sesquiterpenes and caryophyllene oxide were the majority in the five hydrodistillation times.
RESUMO: A Campomanesia adamantium é uma espécie frutífera nativa do Cerrado que se destaca pela utilização na alimentação, na medicina e como pasto apícola. A composição química dos óleos essenciais obtidos de plantas de uma mesma espécie pode sofrer variação de seus constituintes por influência de vários fatores incluindo o método de extração do óleo essencial, fatores ambientais, genéticos e ontogenéticos. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a influencia do tempo de hidrodestilação sobre o teor e a composição química do óleo essencial das folhas de C. adamantium . Os tratamentos constituíram-se de cinco tempos de extração (1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 horas) utilizando aparelho Clevenger com cinco repetições, sendo o delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foi observado que após duas horas de hidrodestilação o teor de óleo essencial permanece constante. Em relação aos constituintes químicos do óleo essencial ocorreu variação das proporções dos compostos em todos os tempos de hidrodestilação testados, os compostos sesquiterpenos oxigenados espatulenol e óxido cariofileno foram majoritários nos cinco tempos de hidrodestilação.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Annonaceae family consists of ~135 genera with diverse species and a large number of chemical compounds arising from the secondary metabolism. However, the chemical composition of the essential ...oil of several species of the family such as Cardiopetalum calophyllum has not been completely determined. In this study, the essential oils extracted from the leaves, flowers, and fruits of C. calophyllum , collected in typical areas of the Cerrado of Goiás, were characterized. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation for 4h using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the constituents were identified by comparing the spectra and retention index obtained with those available in the literature. Twenty three compounds were identified in the essential oil of leaves; the oxygenated sesquiterpene, spathulenol (28.78%), was the major compound. Twenty five compounds were identified in the flowers, mainly comprising sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, germacrene-D (37.03%) and germacrene-B (13.72%). Seventeen compounds were reported in fruits, mainly comprising sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, germacrene-D (28.19%) and germacrene-B (20.90%), and an oxygenated sesquiterpene, spathulenol (11.53%). This is the first report on the chemical composition of the essential oils from leaves, flowers, and fruits of C. calophyllum.
RESUMO: A família Annonaceae é constituída por cerca de 135 gêneros, com uma diversidade extensa de espécies com grande quantidade de compostos químicos diversificados, advindos do metabolismo secundário. Entretanto, as informações sobre a composição química de óleo essencial de várias espécies da família ainda são incipientes, como é o caso da Cardiopetalum calophyllum . O trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar quimicamente o óleo essencial extraído de folhas, flores e frutos da C. calophyllum , coletadas em áreas típicas do Cerrado goiano. A extração do óleo essencial se deu pelo método de hidrodestilação em aparelho de clevenger por um período de 4 horas. A análise química do óleo essencial foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-MS) e a identificação dos constituintes pela comparação dos espectros obtidos com os espectros disponíveis na literatura e pelo cálculo do índice de retenção (IR). Foram identificados 23 compostos no óleo essencial das folhas, em que o composto majoritário foi o sesquiterpeno oxigenado espatulenol (28,78%); nas flores, foram identificados 31 compostos com predominância dos sesquiterpenos hidrocarbonados germacreno-D (37,03%) e germacreno-B (13,72%); e, nos frutos, 17 compostos com predominância dos sesquiterpenos hidrocarbonados germareno-D (28,19%) e germacreno-B (20,90%) e do sesquiterpeno oxigenado espatulenol (11,53%). Este trabalho descreve pela primeira vez a composição química do óleo essencial das folhas, flores e frutos da C. calophyllum , contribuindo significativamente para o conhecimento químico da espécie.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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