Background
The number of overweight children is increasing at an alarming rate. This issue requires effective action plans, as childhood obesity has become a problem in which addressing environmental ...factors is decisive. Significant differences have also been shown in lifestyle habits that determine overweight based on sex. This study therefore aimed to examine these risk factors according to sex.
Methods
The sample included first‐year high school students from Murcia, Spain. Information was collected through the “Questionnaire on Healthy Habits in Adolescents,” validated for this age range, and the weight, height, and waist circumference of the participants were obtained. Data were analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling to determine which modifiable risk factors promoted the appearance of excess weight and in what magnitude.
Results
A total of 421 students participated in the study, and 40.6% of overweight patients were detected according to their body mass index. No differences were found between the sexes and weights. The environment and the use of new technologies that do not involve sitting were significant only in girls (P < 0.05). Conversely, physical activity was significantly higher in boys (P < 0.05). Dietary factors and sedentary activities did not differ according to sex.
Conclusions
The social and school environment, the use of new technologies (for girls), and physical activity (for boys) condition nutritional status. Identifying gender disparities in behaviors that involve health should be a priority for new prevention programs. Targeting young people's health from a gender perspective has considerable potential to reduce overweight problems in adulthood.
The role of the energy industry has always been central for one reason or another, being environmentalism the main motive in the last two decades. Therefore, attention and research have been directed ...in this sense. However, human resources—or human capital—have remained understudied, especially concerning the salaries received. Thus, this study is disruptive as it explored the factors that influence employee remuneration in the energy subsector, using Spain as a case study. For this, the PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling) path modelling methodology was used, executing a traditional PLS analysis, bootstrapping and, finally, IPMA (Importance-Performance Analysis). Solid and significant relationships were found among labour conditions, human capital, market and wages, with the relationships between human capital and wages and between human capital and labour conditions being especially relevant. Besides, through IPMA, a series of considerations was made regarding the individual indicators according to their relative importance and performance. Consequently, this paper significantly contributes to the extant literature by analysing the composition of wages in the energy sector, which might allow taking valuable management decisions. Nevertheless, the main limitation of this study lies in the availability of data for Spain and, specifically, for workers in the energy supplying industries.
Cultural tourism is considered one of the most respectful segments both with the heritage preservation of the visited destination and from an environmental point of view. Not only because it is not a ...type of mass tourism, but also because these tourists want to know the heritage of the destination and its culture, gastronomy and way of life. The main objective of this paper is to identify the aspects that influence the tourist the most when choosing a destination from the point of view of their motivations and the services and cultural offer of the destination. The empirical study took place in the city of Málaga because it is an attractive destination for many different segments of tourists, has a great services and cultural offer and an important heritage legacy. PLS-PM models have been used since they allow to confirm the intensity and sign of the stated hypotheses. There are four latent factors included in the model: Tourist Destination, Cultural Offer, City Services and Tourist Motivations.
In recent years, migratory phenomena have changed the composition of Spanish society. There are many studies that explore the healthy habits of young adolescents, but few focus on young immigrants. ...The purpose of this study is to examine the causal relationships between certain factors that influence the health of immigrant youth and sports. The sample consisted of 173 students enrolled in secondary education in the city of Cuenca. The structural model confirms the relationship between the latent variables and sports. Specifically, we obtained a positive influence of an active lifestyle (regular physical activity and exercise) and a negative influence for the remaining variables (alcohol consumption, unhealthy foods, self-medication and tobacco consumption in the family). Physical education should promote healthy lifestyles; greater coordination between physical education and other subjects involved in education and the promotion of health are necessary because we consider that this task is not exclusive to physical education.
INTRODUCTIONSocial and cultural changes are altering young people's habits. Some surveys measure such behaviors, but are hard to interpret. The objective of this study was to design and validate a ...homogeneous questionnaire to study habits among adolescents aged 12-14 years. POPULATION AND METHODSDescriptive and crosssectional study to validate a questionnaire. Items were selected after a bibliographic review and expert assessment. The pre-test was administered to a pilot sample. Reliability was established using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and construct validity, using a factor analysis. It was administered to a sample of parents of students from 4 secondary schools. RESULTSCronbach's coefficient showed values close to 0.7 in 3/4 subscales and an overall value of 0.629, showing accuracy and stability. Factor analysis determined an adequate construct validity, with 4 factors: eating, physical activity, new technologies, and environment. The final questionnaire included 26 items and was administered to 421 participants. Poor habits were observed in 24.8 % and very unhealthy, in 3.4 %. Girls had poorer scores in physical activity (p < 0.001), and boys, in new technologies, although it was not significant. CONCLUSIONSThe final instrument was valid, reliable, and easily administered to assess modifiable behaviors in adolescents. The inclusion of technologies and environment helps to adapt the questionnaire to current changes. The greatest deficit was observed in the technology use and physical activity domains; and girls were more sedentary.
España se sitúa a la cabeza europea en exceso de peso (EP) debido en parte a los cambios sociales y ambientales de las últimas décadas. El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar los factores de riesgo ...modificables que condicionan el EP.
Se autodiseñó una encuesta con los factores relacionados con la obesidad infantil, y se administró a los padres de adolescentes que cursaban primero de secundaria en 4 centros del Área V de Salud de Murcia. Se objetivó el peso, talla, perímetro abdominal e índice cintura-talla (ICT) de los alumnos, y se clasificaron en sobrepeso-obesidad. Se aplicó la técnica de reducción de dimensiones, generando factores que agruparon los ítems según materia, y se realizó una técnica multivalente para valorar la relación de dependencia entre las variables y el EP.
Fueron incluidos 421 alumnos, el 28 y el 35% con EP y obesidad abdominal, respectivamente. El análisis factorial agrupó los ítems en 4 factores: alimentación, actividad física, tecnologías y entorno, existiendo un subapartado de percepción corporal. El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales presentó un R2 de 0,440. Se obtuvo la mayor relación con el factor entorno (t 2,89) y percepción (t 14,61), seguido del uso de tecnologías. Además, reveló una relación directa respecto a la alimentación y la actividad física, aunque no significativa.
La percepción familiar y el ambiente social-escolar influyen de forma importante en el desarrollo del EP. Las intervenciones de educación para la salud con inclusión de padres y profesores probablemente sean las estrategias más inteligentes y rentables.
Spain is the European leader in over weight (O-W), partly to the social and environmental changes of the last decades. The objective of the work was to study the modifiable risk factors that lead to O-W.
A self-designed questionnaire with factors related to childhood obesity was produced, and was administered to the parents of adolescents who were attending first year of high school in four centres in Health Area V in Murcia. Weight, height, abdominal circumference and Waist-Height Index (WHI) of the students were measured, and classified as overweight-obesity. A reduction technique was applied, generating factors that grouped the items according to subject, as well as a multivalent technique to assess the dependency relationship between the variables, and the SB-OI.
Of the 421 students included, 28 and 35% had excess weight and abdominal obesity, respectively. The factor analysis grouped the items into 4 factors: diet, physical activity, technologies, and environment, with a subsection about body perception. The structural equation model presented an R2 of 0.440. The highest relationship was obtained with the environment factor (t 2.89), and perception (t 14.61), followed by the use of technologies. A direct relationship was also revealed regarding diet and physical activity, although not significant.
Family perception and the social-school environment have an important influence on the development of the O-W. Health education interventions involving parents and teachers are probably the smartest and most cost-effective strategies.
Innovation in eco-packaging in private labels Jiménez-Guerrero, José Felipe; Gázquez-Abad, Juan Carlos; Ceballos-Santamaría, Guillermo
Innovation (North Sydney),
01/2015, Letnik:
17, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The marketing power of private labels (PLs) is a consequence of the design of successful strategies by retailers. Such strategies have allowed retailers to differentiate their own items by generating ...a greater consumer brand loyalty. Innovation in the design of sustainable packaging or eco-packaging has been one of these strategies. In these ways, retailers have managed - in addition to their ability to adapt to the needs of consumers in terms of convenience - to strengthen their commitment to food security and environmental protection. This paper analyses the role of eco-packaging strategies as a tool for differentiating PLs in terms of creating higher levels of consumer preference.
Micro-SME Characterization From Financial Statements Ceballos-Santamaria, Guillermo; Villanueva-Alvaro, Juan-Jose; Mondejar-Jimenez, Jose
The international business & economics research journal,
12/2012, Letnik:
11, Številka:
13
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
In recent years, small businesses have created interest and research, because they represent the majority of the business fabric and account for over seventy per cent of jobs in developed countries. ...Governments of these countries share a general interest in knowing about Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME). Based on this premise, the approach of this study is to characterize micro-SMEs in the province of Cuenca, Spain, by analysis of financial statements, specifically analyzing their structure in financial terms by use of univariate and multivariate statistical techniques allowing this kind of business in the province of Cuenca to be identified. The information used comes from the databases of SABI (Iberian Financial Statement Analysis Systems), DIRCE (Central Business Directory and CamerData, the database of the Chambers of Commerce. The statistical analysis is centered on a classic modal of exploratory factor analysis, and finally the main results arising from the study are presented.
Childhood obesity presents alarming numbers in our country, being even higher in the population of immigrant origin. The main objective was to analyse the excess weight numbers both in native ...adolescents and in those children of immigrants and to determine the ethnic influence on lifestyle habits that could condition these differences in weight overload.
Adolescents from 1st year of Obligatory Secondary Education (E.S.O.) participated; somatometry was determined and classified according to BMI (with WHO references) and parental origin. Parents completed the survey on healthy habits (ENHASA). An analysis of variance was performed for each of the 4 dimensions of the questionnaire.
A total of 416 adolescents participated (12.8±0.62 years). Excess weight was detected in 41.2% of the participants, with significant differences between groups (p 0.018): 36.7% in Spanish, 42.9% in North Africa and 58.2% in South America. The ANOVA analysis showed differences in the section “physical activity” (p 0.003), highlighting the maximum disparity in the performance of extracurricular sports activities, with a lower score in both non-native groups.
We found significant differences according to ethnic origin in the number of overweight children and the amount of physical activity they do; South American adolescents are the most sedentary. We must design interventions that guarantee the access of all adolescents to sports activities to prevent the development of obesity.
La obesidad infantil ha alcanzado cifras alarmantes en nuestro país, siendo éstas todavía más elevadas en los grupos de población de origen inmigrante. El principal objetivo fue analizar las cifras de exceso de peso tanto en adolescentes nativos como en aquellos hijos de inmigrantes y determinar la influencia étnica sobre los hábitos de vida que podrían condicionar las diferencias en la sobrecarga ponderal.
Participaron adolescentes de 1°E.S.O; se determinó la somatometría y se clasificaron en función del IMC según referencias de la OMS y país de origen de los progenitores. Los padres cumplimentaron la encuesta sobre hábitos saludables (ENHASA). Se realizó un análisis de varianza de cada una de las 4 dimensiones del cuestionario.
Participaron 416 adolescentes (12,8±0,62 DE años). Se objetivó una cifra global de exceso de peso del 41.2%, con diferencias significativas entre grupos (p 0.018): 36.7% ennativos, 42.9% en originarios del norte de África y 58.2% en los suramericanos. El análisis ANOVA mostró diferencias en la dimensión “actividad física” (p 0.003), destacando máxima disparidad en la realización de actividades deportivas extraescolares, con menor puntuación en ambos grupos no nativos.
Se encontraron diferencias significativas según el origen étnico tanto en las cifras de sobrecarga ponderal como en la realización de actividad física, siendo los adolescentes suramericanos los más sedentarios. Se deben diseñar intervenciones que garanticen el acceso de todos los adolescentes a las actividades deportivas para prevenir el desarrollo de obesidad.
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