Članek na osnovi del grških cerkvenih zgodovinarjev 4. in prve polovice 5. stoletja, del aleksandrijskega škofa Atanazija in zakonov, zbranih v Teodozijevem kodeksu, osvetljuje potovanja škofov v ...antiki. Način, kako so potovali, ni zanimiv le kot prikaz možnosti, ki jih je izbrano obdobje popotnim nudilo, ampak tudi kot prikaz vloge, ki jo je Cerkev takrat imela. Ker je bilo delovanje Cerkve in države od Konstantina Velikega dalje vse bolj prepleteno, velik del podatkov, ki jih izbrana besedila prinašajo, razkriva, na kakšen način so na potovanja škofov vplivali cesarji. Ti so najverjetneje v želji, da bi hitro razrešili nastale težave, škofom potovanje omogočili, olajšali in pospešili tako, da so jim dovolili potovati z državno pošto. Članek potovanja škofov osvetljuje predvsem s treh vidikov: v kakšnih primerih so škofje lahko potovali z državno pošto in kako je ta možnost vplivala na njihova potovanja ter kaj so škofje mislili o pogojih, v katerih so potovali.
Članek ob Pavzanijevem Vodiču po Grčiji osvetljuje starejša obdobja zgodovine Arkadije. Čeprav antični viri ta čas predstavljajo skozi mitološke like in zgodbe, vseeno posredujejo informacije tudi o ...povsem zgodovinskih dogodkih in procesih. Pavzanijev prikaz je zelo splošen in standarden ter v osnovnih potezah pravilen, čeprav ostajajo nepreverljive podrobnosti pripovedi. A da se v ozadju pripovedi skriva zrno resnice, med drugim dokazujejo arheološke najdbe. Pavzanijevi podatki o zgodovini Arkadije obenem niso le vir informacij o omenjenem obdobju, ampak posredno pričajo tudi o okoliščinah nastanka izročila, na katerega se avtor naslanja.
Prispevek skozi vsebino treh Plutarhovih spisov (O vzgoji otrok, Kako mora mladenič poslušati pesnike in O poslušanju) predstavlja Plutarhov pogled na vzgojo in izobraževanje. Po Plutarhovem mnenju ...je bil grški sistem vzgoje in izobraževanja osnova za ohranitev grškega prvenstva pred drugimi ljudstvi v času, ko je bil grški svet podrejen rimski nadoblasti. Čeprav je bil Plutarh rimskim oblastem naklonjen, lahko na osnovi njegovih spisov, posvečenih vzgoji in izobraževanju, sklepamo, da je njegovo naklonjenost v veliki meri pogojevala možnost, da grška elita tudi v okviru rimske države še naprej živi v skladu s principi, ki jih postavlja grška paideía.
18. januarja leta 350 se je v Augustodunu kot uzurpator na oblast povzpel Flavij Magnencij. Konstans, ki se je poskušal rešiti z begom, je bil v kraju Castrum Helenae (danes Elne na jugu Francije) ...ujet in ubit. V zaostrenih razmerah, ki so sledile Magnecijevemu prihodu na oblast in Konstansovi smrti, sta bila v nekaj naslednjih mesecih za cesarja oklicana še dva nelegitimna vladarja.
Ksenofont je imel v svojem razgibanem pustolovskem življenju s konji tesen stik, zato si je pridobil bogate osebne izkušnje ter postal njihov dober poznavalec. Iz njegovih spisov lahko dobimo vrsto ...informacij o vzreji, negi, urjenju, prehrani in ravnanju s temi plemenitimi živalmi, pa tudi o tem, kaj od njih ob primerni skrbi zanje in ustreznem ravnanju z njimi lahko pričakujemo. Poleg tega nam Ksenofontovo pisanje o konjih in velik pomen, ki ga pripisuje vlogi konjenice na vojaškem področju, deloma razkrivata avtorjevo življenjsko pot. V prispevku je na osnovi podatkov, ki nam jih Ksenofont o konjih prinaša, najprej deloma prikazano Ksenofontovo življenje pred odločitvijo, da se priključi Kiru, nato pa je zaradi Ksenofontove tesne povezanosti s konji kratko orisan tudi njegov odnos do konj.
The paper presents the historical background of the Pseudo-Senecan play Octavia. The work of an unknown author, it depicts the sad fate of Nero's first wife and daughter of Claudius, Octavia, who was ...exiled because of Nero's impending marriage to Poppaea Sabina and soon executed in exile. As to the protagonists' destinies, the basic plot largely follows the accounts of the extant historical sources, except for the length of the action, which is reduced to three days; in point of fact, the precise sequence of the events concerning Nero's marriage to Poppaea and divorce from Octavia is unknown. Since the extant sources on Octavia's life are few and provide little information, the details of her destiny remain unclear. The historical background of the play, the developments at the Roman court affecting Octavia, extends from the year 48, when Octavia's engagement to Lucius Junius Silanus was broken off in anticipation of Agrippina's marriage to Emperor Claudius early in 49, to be followed by a new engagement to Agrippina's son, the later Emperor Nero, to 62, when Nero's planned marriage to Poppaea Sabina led to Octavia's exile and speedy execution on a false charge of adultery. In this temporal frame, the paper highlights the following milestones in Octavia's life: Agrippina's appointment of the philosopher Lucius Annaeus Seneca as tutor to her son Domitius (later known as Nero) in 49 AD; Claudius' adoption of Agrippina's son on 25 February 50 AD; the proclamation of thirteen-year-old Nero's coming of age in March 51; Nero's marriage to Octavia in 53; the death of Claudius and Nero's rise to power in 54; Nero's murder of Britannicus in 55, and of his mother, Agrippina, four years later (59); Nero's affair with Poppaea Sabina, whom he had met in 58, and their wedding in 62, as well as Octavia's exile and execution in the same year. But despite the close bearing of these events on Octavia's fate, she is largely or completely ignored in most written sources on the topic. Rather than attempt to disentangle the many questions raised by Octavia's little known life, the paper thus gives a mere outline of her life story, trapped in the dynastic intrigues of the contemporary Roman court, which are luridly depicted in the tragedy Octavia, formerly attributed to Seneca.
This paper sheds light on the historical importance taken by Ulfilas, not only among the Tervingi as their bishop, but also as an agent of the Empire, in the context of the initial development of the ...Constantinopolitan Patriarchate. His role will be shown by analysing the following events: (1) Ulfilas’ first visit to Constantinople and his consecration as a bishop by Eusebius of Nicomedia, (2) Ulfilas’ participation in the Council of Constantinople in 360, and (3) his third visit to Constantinople, in 381, while the Second Ecumenical Council was held. The key to the understanding of Ulfilas’ allegiance to Arianism seems to be closely connected with the rise of Constantinople to the top of the Eastern ecclesiastical hierarchy.
This paper discusses the role of an important bishop, Demophilus of Beroe/Constantinople, in the Arian controversy. Two issues are dealt with in particular: the role of Demophilus as representative ...of the most influential group of Arian/Homoean bishops, and his involvement in the politico-religious strategy of Constantinople at the time, when its episcopal see still had to affirm itself as the most important see in the Eastern part of the Empire.
This paper deal with the figure of Macedonius, which was the second pro-Arian head of the Church of Constantinople, from 342 to 360, but with two periods of interruption, during which the pro-Nicene ...Paul regained his see. Macedonius became bishop because of the support he received from the Eusebians and kept his position as long as his conduct was in line with the efforts of this poli-tico-religious faction. This meant asserting the pro-Arian doctrine of this group, as well as strengthening and expanding the sphere of influence of the episcopal see of Constantinople. As part of his efforts to achieve both goals, he introduced persecution of pro-Nicenes and, as it seems, had a significant influence in the appointment of George of Cappadocia to the see of Alexandria.
Potem ko se je leta 388 v času priprav cesarja Teodozija na vojno z uzurpatorjem Magnom Maksimom skupina barbarov Teodoziju uprla in se skrila na zamočvirjeno področje zahodno od Tesalonike, je ...preteklo več kot tri leta preden je Teodozij poleti leta 391 uporne barbare dokončno premagal. Prispevek na osnovi Zosimovega poročila in s pomočjo podatkov, ki jih prinašajo Pakatov panegirik v čast cesarju Teodoziju, poročila o uporu prebivalcev Tesalonike leta 390 ter 1. julija 391 izdani, na vse prebivalce provinc naslovljeni zakon o ravnanju v primeru napada razbojnikov, predstavlja možen potek in okoliščine te nad upornimi barbari izbojevane Teodozijeve zmage.
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