Over the last few years, due to various climatic, anthropogenic, and environmental factors, a large amount of submerged heritage has been unearthed and exposed to deterioration processes in the Bay ...of Algeciras. These impacts can be more severe in shallow waters, where the cultural heritage is more vulnerable to natural and human-induced impacts. This makes it urgent to document cultural heritage at risk of disappearing using different techniques whose efficiencies in the archaeological record need to be determined and compared. For this purpose, we have documented a shipwreck in the Bay of Algeciras using two techniques: photogrammetry and a multibeam echosounder. The photogrammetric method consists of obtaining a 3D model from numerous photographs taken of an object or a site. The processing software creates three-dimensional points from two-dimensional points found in the photographs that are equivalent to each other. Multibeam echosounders are capable of providing side scan imagery information in addition to generating contour maps and 3D perspectives of the surveyed area and can be installed in an unmanned surface vehicle. As a result, we have obtained two 3D visualisations of the shipwreck, i.e., digital copies, that are being used both for the analysis of its naval architecture and for its dissemination. Through the comparison of the two techniques, we have concluded that while a multibeam echosounder provides a detailed digital terrain model of the seabed, photogrammetry performed by divers gives the highest resolution data on objects and structures. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the benefits of this combined approach for accurately documenting and monitoring shipwrecks in shallow waters, providing valuable information for conservation and management efforts.
Public access to underwater and maritime cultural heritage has proven to have a very positive effect on the local economy. This type of heritage is very attractive for the cultural tourism sector in ...general and for active and diving tourism. The Nautical and Underwater Archeology Line of the University of Cadiz, within the framework of the TIDE Project (Interreg Atlantic Area) and Herakles Project (FEDER-UCA18-107327) have been working on the enhancement of maritime and underwater heritage through the application of new technologies. In this paper, we will present the advances in the project in the Strait of Gibraltar, based on the first phase of scientific analysis and on the definition of a common working methodology that has resulted in a toolkit for the development of tourism activities linked to the MCH and UCH. Pilot activities under development are focused on accessible underwater heritage routes, VR applications to create Dry Dive experiences and the streaming of underwater archaeological works, thanks to a bottom-surface acoustic communication buoy. Results show that these types of outreach solutions and, by extension, of tourism application, must be preceded by a rigorous archaeological research process, a study of the target audience and the evaluation of the carrying capacity of the sites, to avoid falling into the mercantilisation or deterioration of the UCH. On the other hand, virtual or indirect access solutions are very useful, but always through the correct interpretation of the heritage.
This study analyses nautical harbour activities and their spatial distribution using a high-resolution method of wind-wave hindcasting, in order to identify the location of safe and sheltered ...anchorage areas. We apply this methodological approach to evaluate the ancient harbour of Carthago Nova from the Punic period to the Late Roman period (third century BC–fourth century AD). Literary sources have defined Carthago Nova (Cartagena, Spain) as the only natural harbour of
Hispania
and one of the best in the Mediterranean, with Escombreras Island as the main natural feature that protects the harbour. Due to the scarcity of archaeological evidence and the transformation the harbour has undergone over time, this study has been considered necessary and carried out in order to supersede the current general and anachronic observations of wind-wave effects. Through an interdisciplinary approach, we analyse one of the main factors that determines the safe anchorage of ships: coastal wind waves. The modelling and simulation of waves have been applied using the SWAN model, paleo-topographic reconstruction, and maritime archaeological data. By means of GIS spatial analysis, an Anchorage Safety Index has been established that computes data from paleo-bathymetry, wind, and simulated wave height. This high-resolution analysis allows us to assess in detail the impact of coastal and island topography on nautical activities inside ancient harbours.
En los últimos años, la Región de Murcia ha fomentado nuevos modelos turísticos relacionados con la cultura y el mar. Sin embargo, pese a la riqueza de su historia y legado marítimos, no lo ha hecho ...de forma conjunta. El Mar Menor y La Manga solo han visto potenciado el aspecto marítimo en relación con actividades náuticas, quedando su patrimonio relegado a un segundo plano.
Este trabajo busca reivindicar la riqueza del patrimonio, historia y cultura marítimos asociados a esta zona y mostrar las oportunidades que ofrece su adecuada puesta en valor a través de un caso práctico: la implementación de una ruta arqueológica subacuática en el pecio fenicio del Bajo de la Campana, como parte del Proyecto Isla Grosa.
In recent years, the Region of Murcia has promoted new tourism models related to heritage and the sea. However, despite the richness of its maritime history and heritage, it has not done so in a complementary manner. The Mar Menor-La Manga area has only boosted the maritime aspect in relation to nautical activities, leaving their heritage relegated to a second place.
This paper seeks to vindicate the importance of the Maritime Heritage, History, and Culture associated with this area and to show the opportunities offered by its proper enhancement through a case study: the implementation of an underwater heritage trail in the Phoenician wreck of the “Bajo de la Campana” as part of the “Isla Grosa” Project.
In recent years, the Region of Murcia has promoted new tourism models related to heritage and the sea. However, despite the richness of its maritime history and heritage, it has not done so in a ...complementary manner. The Mar Menor - La Manga area has only boosted the maritime aspect in relation to nautical activities, leaving their heritage relegated to a second place. Cultural tourism can become an important ally when it comes to diversifying the tourist offer, providing "added value or differentiation in already developed or mature tourist destinations" and breaking with the seasonality that characterizes the model based on the binomial of sun and beach, so widespread in the Mediterranean. However, for cultural tourism to meet these expectations, certain conditions are imperative such as adequate planning, rigorous interpretative elements, cooperation between the different agents involved or respect and protection of resources. Otherwise, the results can be detrimental both to the visitor and host community and to heritage assets (which are not regenerative). All of these issues are of particular importance when talking about underwater cultural heritage (UCH) since its location, environment and conditions, entail significant limitations.
The use of Geographical Information Systems for the study of Landscape Archaeology has been increase over the last years. Despite the rich maritime archaeological heritage of the bay of Colonia del ...Sacramento, no systematic investigations have been carried out on Maritime Cultural Landscape as a unit of analysis in this area. This work presents the results of the application of GIS in historical cartography for maritime spatial analysis in the bay of Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay, from the 18th to the 20th century
El uso de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) dentro de la arqueología del paisaje ha tenido un incremento en los últimos años. Sin embargo, y pese al rico patrimonio marítimo arqueológico de la bahía de Colonia del Sacramento no se han realizado investigaciones sistemáticas que aborden al Paisaje Cultural Marítimo (en adelante PCM) como unidad de análisis en esta zona. En este trabajo, se presentan los resultados de la aplicación de los SIG en la cartografía histórica para el análisis espacial marítimo en la bahía de Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay, durante los siglos XVIII al XX.
El uso de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) dentro de la arqueología del paisaje ha tenido un incremento en los últimos años. Sin embargo, y pese al rico patrimonio marítimo arqueológico ...de la bahía de Colonia del Sacramento no se han realizado investigaciones sistemáticas que aborden al Paisaje Cultural Marítimo (en adelante PCM) como unidad de análisis en esta zona. En este trabajo, se presentan los resultados de la aplicación de los SIG en la cartografía histórica para el análisis espacial marítimo en la bahía de Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay, durante los siglos XVIII al XX.
A borehole drilling campaign has allowed the study of a former littoral lagoon located next to the harbour city of Cartagena in South-East Spain (close to the Sierra de Cartagena polymetallic ore ...deposits). This lagoon, which developed during the Holocene, was first a shallow sedimentary marine environment and later evolved into a swampy semi-endorheic basin named “Almarjal” (after the Arab term from the fourteenth century). The lagoon eventually dried out and at present forms part of the substratum of the modern sector of the city urban area. The basin representative sediments are sapropelic black silty facies forming a continuous sedimentary archive, accounting for more than 8000 years of depositional phenomena. The geochemical study of these sediments, together with their absolute calibrated dating by
14
C, allows definition of successive stages of mining and metallurgical activities in the area. In turn, this information provides a more comprehensive perspective regarding metal pollution, particularly lead contamination during different periods of the Recent Prehistory and the Classical Age. The results indicate that the beginning of contamination by lead and other heavy metals occurred as early as 4500 years ago, when the Final Chalcolithic period was taking place in the South-East of the Iberian Peninsula. This finding provides further insights regarding the debate on the origins of lead mining and metallurgy in SE Spain.
Dentro de los periodos de la historia, tal vez sea el surgimiento de la civilización «occidental» en Mesopotamia el que menos se ha estudiado por diversos factores, la dificultad de investigación, la ...hegemonía investigadora sobre historia romana y griega, pero dentro de este campo de investigación es muy poco estudiado también el periodo llamado Isin- Larsa, en el que ninguna ciudad mantuvo una hegemonía clara, y en el que surgieron múltiples formas de organización, tantas como ciudades. Este periodo ha sido marginado de una forma inconsciente por una parte importante de la historiografía, al igual que lo son los periodos que se incluyen entre dos importantes procesos, como sería en historia de Grecia lo sucedido. El artículo explora el final de la dinastía Urr III, donde nos encontramos con una problemática de identificación histórica de un mismo período que viene a ser tratado por algunas fuentes como el período de los Amorritas y, por otras, el período de Isin-Larsa.
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