Rods and rings (RR) are distinct cytoplasmic structures known to be composed of at least two enzymes critical for pyrimidine and purine synthesis. Due to the considerable size of these rods (3–10 μm ...in length) and rings (2–5 μm in diameter), RR are likely comprised of other unidentified proteins that may be related to nucleotide metabolism. Inhibition of either of the two known enzymes, cytidine triphosphate synthase 1 (CTPS1) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2), induces formation of RR in all cell lines examined to date. Therefore, the function of RR is affiliated with nucleotide metabolism since RR have been found to form under conditions of increased intracellular cytidine triphosphate (CTP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP) requirements, such as in highly metabolically active cells like embryonic stem cells. Autoantibodies to RR have been identified in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients who have undergone treatment with pegylated interferon-α/ribavirin therapy (IFN/R), but not detected in untreated chronic HCV patients. Our data show that HCV patients with high titer anti-RR are more likely to be nonresponders or relapsers to IFN/R therapy.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de sulfono-resistência na população de pacientes hansenianos virchovianos do município de Bauru, Estado de São Paulo. Em uma população ...total de 349 pacientes virchovianos, em registro ativo no município, dos quais 205 já estavam com mais de 5 anos de tratamento (pacientes com risco de resistência), 30 (14,63%) apresentaram suspeita clínica de resistência (índice Baciloscópico igual ou maior que 3+). 10 pacientes mostraram seus bacilos resistentes a diamino difenil sulfona (DDS), evidenciando uma proporção de 2,86%. Em função dos dados os autores concluem e recomendam a urgência no processo de implantação da poliquimioterapia no pals.
Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes Tincani, Angela; Ceribelli, Angela; Cavazzana, Ilaria ...
Diagnostic Criteria in Autoimmune Diseases
Book Chapter
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APSs) are defined as a multiple autoimmune-mediated endocrine gland failure. The currently used classification criteria of APS, based on clinical data only, ...propose four main clinical presentations.
APS-1 is characterised by three main clinical features: chronic candidiasis, chronic hypoparathyroidism and Addison’s disease. APS-2 (or Schmidt syndrome) is a combination of Addison disease (AD), autoimmune thyroid disease (TAD) and/or Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. APS-3 is defined as an association between TAD and another systemic or organ-specific autoimmune disease. Because TAD is the most prevalent autoimmune condition in the general population, APS-3 is the most frequently observed autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome. APS-4 includes other combinations of the autoimmune disorders previously described, which cannot be allocated in other APS definitions.
Most of the autoimmune endocrine diseases of APS are characterised and preceded by the development of organ-specific autoantibodies, usually directed to antigens expressed by endocrine cells. Different authors have suggested a common pathogenesis, basing on a similar mononuclear leukocyte infiltration and the detection of organ-specific autoantibodies.
This paper presents a MATLAB package (named ROCON) devoted to tutorial aspects of analysis and robust control design for continuous-time and discrete-time uncertain systems. ROCON is an interactive ...environment, providing an on-line help and tutorial in order to support user’s self instruction running in parallel to the analysis and design routines. The robust control techniques, dealing with H2/H∞ or mixed H2/H∞ criteria, are based on convex programming associated with cutting plane algorithms. Several graphical environments aid the user to visualize the open and closed-loop performances.
PDF
