Long-term changes in burnout and its predictors in hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic were investigated in an international study.
Two online surveys were distributed to hospital staff in ...seven countries (Germany, Andorra, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Romania, Iran) between May and October 2020 (T1) and between February and April 2021 (T2), using the following variables: Burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization), job function, age, gender, and contact with COVID-19 patients; individual resources (self-compassion, sense of coherence, social support) and work-related resources and demands (support at the workplace, risk perception, health and safety at the workplace, altruistic acceptance of risk). Data were analyzed using linear mixed models repeated measures, controlled for age.
A total of 612 respondents were included (76% women). We found an increase in burnout from T1 to T2. Burnout was high among personnel with high contact with COVID-19 patients. Individual factors (self-compassion, sense of coherence) and work-related factors (support at the workplace, risk perception, health and safety at the workplace) showed associations with burnout. Low health and safety at the workplace at T1 was associated with an increase in emotional exhaustion at T2. Men showed an increase in depersonalization if they had much contact with COVID-19 patients.
Burnout represents a potential problematic consequence of occupational contact with COVID-19 patients. Special attention should be paid to this group in organizational health management. Self-compassion, sense of coherence, support at the workplace, risk perception, and health and safety at the workplace may be important starting points for interventions.
Registration.
Müller, M. M. (2020, August 30). Cope-Corona: Identifying and strengthening personal resources of hospital staff to cope with the Corona pandemic. Open Science Foundation.
•We surveyed hospital staff in an international, longitudinal study.•Burnout was high among hospital staff with high contact with COVID-19 patients.•Lower burnout was found for high self-compassion and sense of coherence.•Perceived support at the workplace and health and safety at the workplace were predictive of lower levels of burnout.
Stigmatization is a well-documented problem of some diseases. Perceived stigma is common in alcohol-related liver disease and hepatitis C, but little information exists on stigma in patients with ...non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aim of the study was to investigate frequency and characteristics of perceived stigma among patients with NAFLD.
One-hundred and ninety-seven patients seen at the liver clinic were included: a study group of 144 patients with NAFLD, 50 with cirrhosis (34 compensated, 16 decompensated), and a control group of 53 patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. Quality-of-life was assessed by chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ). Perceived stigma was assessed using a specific questionnaire for patients with liver diseases categorized in 4 domains: stereotypes, discrimination, shame, and social isolation.
Perceived stigma was common in patients with NAFLD (99 patients, 69%) and affected all 4 domains assessed. The frequency was slightly higher, yet not significant, in patients with NAFLD cirrhosis vs those without (72% vs 67%, respectively; p = 0.576). In patients without cirrhosis perceived stigma was unrelated to stage of disease, since frequency was similar in patients with no or mild fibrosis compared to those with moderate/severe fibrosis (66% vs 68%, respectively). There were no differences in perceived stigma between patients with compensated cirrhosis and these with decompensated cirrhosis. Among patients with cirrhosis, stigmatization was more common in alcohol-related vs NAFLD-cirrhosis, yet differences were only significant in two domains. In patients with NAFLD, perceived stigma correlated with poor quality-of-life, but not with demographic or clinical variables.
Perceived stigmatization is common among patients with NAFLD independently of disease stage, is associated with impaired quality-of-life, and may be responsible for stereotypes, discrimination, shame, and social isolation, which may affect human and social rights of affected patients.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Patients with severe eosinophilic asthma experience high risk of exacerbations and reduced quality of life. Benralizumab, a monoclonal antibody binding to IL-5 receptor α subunit, is an approved drug ...for its treatment. The objective was to describe clinical remission after benralizumab prescription in routine clinical practice.
Retrospective multicenter study with data from four hospitals in Valencian Community (Spain) with asthma units between 2019 and 2020. Data was gathered at baseline and after 12 months. We considered clinical remission after 1 year if the patient remained without exacerbations and use of systemic corticosteroids and with good clinical control and normal lung function.
Data from 139 patients was gathered. At the 12-month follow-up, 44.1% were in clinical remission, since 84.0%, 77.5%, 51.0% and 95.5% of patients did not experience exacerbations, had total asthma control test score of ≥20, prebronchodilator FEV
of ≥80% and did not use systemic corticosteroids. A significant reduction of long-acting muscarinic antagonists (
= 0.0001), leukotriene receptor antagonists (
= 0.0326), oral corticosteroids (
< 0.0001) and short-acting beta agonists (
= 0.0499) was observed. Baseline factors with greatest individual influence on clinical remission were employment situation, tobacco use, comorbidity number, eosinophil value, number of exacerbations, FEV
, emergency visit number, and ACT, MiniAQLQ and TAI scores. Final analysis of multiple logistic regression indicated that having baseline FEV
value below 80% increases remission chance 9.7 times a year compared to FEV
>80%.
Clinical remission after treatment with benralizumab is achievable in a high percentage of patients with severe asthma eosinophilia not controlled in real life.
Abstract
Background
The ORBE II study aimed to describe the characteristics and clinical outcomes of adult patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) treated with benralizumab in a real-world ...setting in Spain.
Methods
ORBE II (NCT04648839) was an observational, retrospective cohort study in adult SEA patients who had been prescribed benralizumab. Demographic and clinical data of 204 SEA patients were collected 12 months prior to benralizumab initiation (baseline) and at follow-up. Exacerbation rate, asthma symptoms, maintenance oral corticosteroid (OCS) use and lung function were evaluated, among other variables.
Results
A total of 204 SEA patients were evaluated. Mean (standard deviation, SD) age of the study population was 56.4 (12.4) years, 62.3% were women and mean (SD) duration of asthma was 15.1 (12.7) years. Median (Q1–Q3) follow-up duration was 19.5 (14.2–24.2) months. At baseline, 72.6% of the overall population (OP) presented blood eosinophil counts ≥ 300 cells/µL; 36.8% had comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP); 84.8% reported at least one severe exacerbation, and 29.1% were OCS-dependent. At 1 year of follow-up, patients receiving benralizumab treatment had a 85.6% mean reduction in exacerbations from baseline, and 81.4% of patients achieved zero exacerbations. We also found a clinically relevant mean (SD) increase in pre-bronchodilator (BD) FEV
1
of 331 (413) mL, with 66.7% of patients achieving a pre-BD FEV
1
increase ≥ 100 mL, and 46.3% of patients achieving a pre-BD FEV
1
≥ 80% of predicted. Regarding symptom control, 73.8% of the OP obtained an ACT score ≥ 20 points. After 1 year of follow-up, mean reduction in the daily OCS dose was 70.5%, and complete OCS withdrawal was achieved by 52.8% of the OCS-dependent patients. Almost half (43.7%) of the OP on benralizumab met all four criteria for clinical remission. Patients with concomitant CRSwNP obtained similar or enhanced outcomes.
Conclusions
These data support the real-world benefits of benralizumab in SEA patients, and particularly in those with concomitant CRSwNP.
Trial registration
NCT04648839.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Fibrosis is a pathophysiological process of wound repair that leads to the deposit of connective tissue in the extracellular matrix. This complication is mainly associated with different pathologies ...affecting several organs such as lung, liver, heart, kidney, and intestine. In this fibrotic process, macrophages play an important role since they can modulate fibrosis due to their high plasticity, being able to adopt different phenotypes depending on the microenvironment in which they are found. In this review, we will try to discuss whether the macrophage phenotype exerts a pivotal role in the fibrosis development in the most important fibrotic scenarios.
Midostaurin added to intensive chemotherapy is the standard of care for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with FLT3 mutations (FLT3mut). We analyzed the impact of midostaurin in 227 FLT3mut-AML patients ...included in the AML-12 prospective trial for fit patients ≤70 years (#NCT04687098). Patients were divided into an early (2012-2015) and late (2016-2020) cohorts. They were uniformly treated except for the addition of midostaurin in 71% of late group patients. No differences were observed in response rates or the number of allotransplants between groups. Outcome was improved in the late period: 2-year relapse incidence decreased from 42% vs 29% in early vs late group (p = 0.024) and 2-year overall survival (OS) improved from 47% vs 61% (p = 0.042), respectively. The effect of midostaurin was evident in NPM1mut patients (n = 151), with 2-yr OS of 72% (exposed) vs 50% (naive) patients (p = 0.011) and mitigated FLT3-ITD allelic ratio prognostic value: 2-yr OS with midostaurin was 85% and 58% in low and high ratio patients (p = 0.049) vs 67% and 39% in naive patients (p = 0.005). In the wild-type NPM1 subset (n = 75), we did not observe significant differences between both study periods. In conclusion, this study highlights the improved outcome of FLT3mut AML fit patients with the incorporation of midostaurin.
Impairment of kidney function is common in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF). Patterns of kidney dysfunction and their impact on kidney and patient outcomes are ill‐defined. Aims of the current ...study were to investigate patterns of kidney dysfunction and their impact on kidney and patient outcomes in patients with acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis, with or without ACLF. This prospective study includes 639 admissions for AD (232 with ACLF; 407 without) in 518 patients. Data were collected at admission and during hospitalization, and patients were followed up for 3 months. Urine samples were analyzed for kidney biomarkers. Most patients with ACLF (92%) had associated acute kidney injury (AKI), in most cases without previous chronic kidney disease (CKD), whereas some had AKI‐on‐CKD (70% and 22%, respectively). Prevalence of AKI in patients without ACLF was 35% (p < 0.001 vs. ACLF). Frequency of CKD alone was low and similar in both groups (4% and 3%, respectively); only a few patients with ACLF (4%) had no kidney dysfunction. AKI in ACLF was associated with poor kidney and patient outcomes compared with no ACLF (AKI resolution: 54% vs. 89%; 3‐month survival: 51% vs. 86%, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). Independent predictive factors of 3‐month survival were Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease–Sodium score, ACLF status, and urine neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL). AKI is almost universal in patients with ACLF, sometimes associated with CKD, whereas CKD alone is uncommon. Prognosis of AKI depends on ACLF status. AKI without ACLF has good prognosis. Best predictors of 3‐month survival are MELD‐Na, ACLF status, and urine NGAL.
Impairment of kidney function is common in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) but patterns of kidney dysfunction and their impact on kidney and patient outcomes are ill‐defined. Aims of current study were to investigate patterns of kidney dysfunction and their impact on kidney and patient outcomes in patients with acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis, with or without ACLF. The results of this study show that AKI (acute kidney injury) is almost universal in patients with ACLF, sometimes associated with CKD, while CKD alone is uncommon and that prognosis of AKI depends on ACLF status.
Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication that affects more than 50% of Crohn´s Disease (CD) patients. There is no pharmacological treatment against this complication, with surgery being the only ...option. Due to the unknown role of P2X7 in intestinal fibrosis, we aim to analyze the relevance of this receptor in CD complications. Surgical resections from CD and non-Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients were obtained. Intestinal fibrosis was induced with two different murine models: heterotopic transplant model and chronic-DSS colitis in wild-type and P2X7-/- mice. Human small intestine fibroblasts (HSIFs) were transfected with an siRNA against P2X7 and treated with TGF-β. A gene and protein expression of P2X7 receptor was significantly increased in CD compared to non-IBD patients. The lack of P2X7 in mice provoked an enhanced collagen deposition and increased expression of several profibrotic markers in both murine models of intestinal fibrosis. Furthermore, P2X7-/- mice exhibited a higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines and a lower expression of M2 macrophage markers. Moreover, the transient silencing of the P2X7 receptor in HSIFs significantly induced the expression of Col1a1 and potentiated the expression of Col4 and Col5a1 after TGF-β treatment. P2X7 regulates collagen expression in human intestinal fibroblasts, while the lack of this receptor aggravates intestinal fibrosis.
Resumen Objetivos: El objetivo general es establecer qué tipo de cura, la cura en ambiente húmedo o la terapia de presión negativa, es más eficiente para el tratamiento de las lesiones por presión. ...También, identificar los índices de coste-efectividad, contrastar los resultados obtenidos al aplicar los 2 tipos de curas en las diferentes categorías de lesiones por presión, determinar los conocimientos y percepción de enfermería en el ámbito de las lesiones por presión, y comparar las sensaciones experimentadas por los pacientes al recibir las curas. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de coste a partir de una revisión bibliográfica en las siguientes bases de datos: SciELO, Google Académico, CUIDEN, IBECS, Elsevier, PubMed, MEDLINE, Dialnet, Scopus y CINAHL, durante los meses de septiembre a diciembre de 2020. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 31 artículos que hacen referencia a la cura en ambiente húmedo y/o a la terapia de presión negativa aplicadas en lesiones por presión de diferentes categorías. Dichos documentos están comprendidos entre 2010 y 2020, ambos incluidos, muestran el texto completo y están publicados en español o inglés. El 82% de los documentos analizan el índice coste-efectividad, teniendo en cuenta el gasto final de tratamiento y los resultados de cada tipo de cura, entre otras variables. Conclusiones: El tratamiento de elección para las lesiones por presión categorías I y II es la cura en ambiente húmedo, mientras que en las lesiones por presión categorías III y IV, la evidencia científica actual muestra mejores resultados con terapia de presión negativa.
COVID-19 disease is a serious global health problem. Few treatments have been shown to reduce mortality and accelerate time to recovery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of ...a food supplement (probiotics, prebiotics, vitamin D, zinc and selenium) in patients admitted with COVID-19.
A prospective randomized non-blinded clinical trial was conducted in a sample of 162 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 recruited over eight months. All patients received standard treatment, but the intervention group (
= 67) was given one food supplement stick daily during their admission. After collecting the study variables, a statistical analysis was performed comparing the intervention and control groups and a multivariate analysis controlling for variables that could act as confounding factors.
ROC curve analysis with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.840 (
< 0.001; 95%CI: 0.741-0.939) of the food supplement administration vs. recovery indicated good predictive ability. Moreover, the intervention group had a shorter duration of digestive symptoms compared with the control group: 2.6 ± 1.3 vs. 4.3 ± 2.2 days (
= 0.001); patients with non-severe disease on chest X-ray had shorter hospital stays: 8.1 ± 3.9 vs. 11.6 ± 7.4 days (
= 0.007).
In this trial, the administration of a food supplement (Gasteel Plus
) was shown to be a protective factor in the group of patients with severe COVID-19 and allowed early recovery from digestive symptoms and a shorter hospital stay in patients with a normal-mild-moderate chest X-ray at admission (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04666116).
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