Posterior tibial tendon (PTT) dysfunction is three times more common in females, and some patients may have a predisposition without a clinically evident cause, suggesting that individual ...characteristics play an important role in tendinopathy. The present study investigated the association of rs4986938 (+ 1730G > A; AluI RFLP) and rs1256049 (- 1082G > A; RsaI RFLP) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta) gene with PTT dysfunction. A total of 400 participants were recruited. The PTT dysfunction group: these patients underwent surgery, with PTT tendinopathy confirmed by histopathology and magnetic resonance image (MRI). The control group was composed of participants with no clinical or MRI evidence of PTT dysfunction. Each group was composed of 100 postmenopausal women, 50 premenopausal women, and 50 men. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples, and genotypes were obtained by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Concerning the ER-beta SNP rs4986938, there were significant differences in the frequencies of alleles between test and control groups of all the cases, only postmenopausal women and only men (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0016 and p = 0.0001). Considering the PTT dysfunction group and comparing postmenopausal women versus premenopausal women adding men, the analysis showed significant differences in the allelic distribution (p = 0.0450): the allele A in postmenopausal women is a risk factor. The ER-beta SNP rs1256049 did not show differences in the frequencies of alleles and genotypes between groups. The ER-beta SNP rs4986938, but not ER -beta SNPs rs1256049, may contribute to PTT insufficiency in the Brazilian population, with additional risk in postmenopausal women. Addition, in men the genetic factor could be more determinant.
A medializing calcaneal osteotomy is frequently performed to correct adult-acquired flatfoot deformities, but there is lack of data on the associated three-dimensional variables defining the final ...correction. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the pre-operative hindfoot valgus deformity and calcaneal osteotomy angles and the post-operative calcaneal displacement.
Weight-bearing CT scans obtained pre- and post-operatively were retrospectively analyzed for sixteen patients. Corresponding three-dimensional bone models were used to measure valgus deformity pre- and post-operatively, inclination of the osteotomy and displacement of the calcaneus. Linear regression was conducted to assess the relationship between these measurements.
On average, the hindfoot valgus changed from 13.1° (±4.6) pre-operatively to 5.7° (±4.3) post-operatively. A mean inferior displacement of 3.2mm (±1.3) was observed along the osteotomy with a mean inclination of 54.6° (±5.6), 80.5° (±10.7), -13.7° (±15.7) in the axial, sagittal and coronal planes, respectively. A statistically significant positive relationship (p<.05, R
=0.6) was found between the pre-operative valgus, the axial osteotomy inclination, and the inferior displacement.
This study shows that the degree of pre-operative hindfoot valgus and the axial osteotomy angle are predictive factors for the amount of post-operative inferior displacement of the calcaneus. These findings demonstrate the added value of a computer-based pre-operative planning in clinical practice. Level of evidence II Prospective comparative study.
Post-breeding endometritis is a physiological reaction to semen and should resolve within 36 to 48 hours. Failure of uterine defense mechanisms to eliminate antigens and inflammatory products from ...the uterus effectively results in persistent endometritis with a detrimental effect on fertility (Canisso et al. Internal Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(4), 1432). This study was designed to evaluate the effect of combinations of systemic NSAIDs on the uterine inflammatory response in mares after AI. Twenty-eight females were used. They were submitted to four treatments (n=7) randomly distributed: TAIE - AIE (0.1 mg/kg of Dexamethasone; IM); TAINE - AINE (1.1 mg/kg Phenylbutazone; IV); TAIE+AINE - two classes of associated anti-inflammatory drugs (0.1 mg/kg of Dexamethasone and 1.1 mg/kg of Phenylbutazone; IV) and TC – Control (NaCl 0.9% saline solution; IV). Gynecological examinations were performed three times a week and when follicles with a diameter of ≥ 35 mm were detected, ovulation was induced using 500 mg of histrelin acetate (Strelin®). The mares were inseminated 36 hours after ovulation induction with refrigerated semen. Immediately after AI, treatments were applied to each experimental group. Eight and 24 h post-AI, samples were collected foruterine cytology and ultrasound was performed to verify the presence of intrauterine fluid. The standard for considering the presence of endometritis was >5% PMN/endometrial cells or >5 PMN/field, in addition to the presence of intrauterine fluid greater than 2 cm. All mares underwent pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasound 25 days after AI. There was a difference between TAIE and the other treatments eight hours after AI in relation to PMN/endometrial cells (p <0.0001). However, in relation to the number of PMN/field there was a difference only between TAIE and TAIE+AINE (p<0.05). Twenty-four hours after AI, for PMN/endometrial cells, there was a difference between TAIE and TAINE (p<0.01), TAIE and TC (p<0.01), TAINE and TAIE+AINE (p<0.05), TAIE+AINE and TC (p<0.01) and for PMN/field between TAIE and TC (p<0.01) and TAIE+AINE and TC (p<0.01). The results obtained between the two evaluation criteria were discrepant and greater reliability was observed in the evaluation of PMN/endometrial cells. IN conclusion, the combined use of two anti-inflammatory classes (TAIE+AINE) was effective in improving the endometrial condition at 24 hours post-AI in normal mares.
