Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies characterized by abnormal proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. It is the most commonly diagnosed childhood ...cancer with an almost 80% cure rate. Despite favorable survival rates in the pediatric population, a significant number of patients develop resistance to therapy, resulting in poor prognosis. ALL is a heterogeneous disease at the genetic level, but the intensive development of sequencing in the last decade has made it possible to broaden the study of genomic changes. New technologies allow us to detect molecular changes such as point mutations or to characterize epigenetic or proteomic profiles. This process made it possible to identify new subtypes of this disease characterized by constellations of genetic alterations, including chromosome changes, sequence mutations, and DNA copy number alterations. These genetic abnormalities are used as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers that play an important role in earlier disease detection, more accurate risk stratification, and treatment. Identification of new ALL biomarkers, and thus a greater understanding of their molecular basis, will lead to better monitoring of the course of the disease. In this article, we provide an overview of the latest information on genomic alterations found in childhood ALL and discuss their impact on patients' clinical outcomes.
Microorganisms inhabiting the human body play an extremely key role in its proper functioning, as well as in the development of the immune system, which, by maintaining the immune balance, allows you ...to enjoy health. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, or in the oral cavity or reproductive tract, understood as a change in the number and diversity of all microorganisms inhabiting them, may correlate with the development of many diseases, including endometriosis, as researchers have emphasized. Endometriosis is an inflammatory, estrogen-dependent gynecological condition defined by the growth of endometrial cells outside the uterine cavity. Deregulation of immune homeostasis resulting from microbiological disorders may generate chronic inflammation, thus creating an environment conducive to the increased adhesion and angiogenesis involved in the development of endometriosis. In addition, research in recent years has implicated bacterial contamination and immune activation, reduced gastrointestinal function by cytokines, altered estrogen metabolism and signaling, and abnormal progenitor and stem cell homeostasis, in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The aim of this review was to present the influence of intestinal, oral and genital microbiota dysbiosis in the metabolic regulation and immunopathogenesis of endometriosis.
Introduction and objective: In recent years, depression and diabetes have become more and more serious medical issues. The number of patients suffering from one or both of these disorders increases ...year by year, which significantly worsens their quality of life. The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge on the basic mechanisms and risk factors influencing the development of depression in patients with diabetes, as well as the bidirectional relationship between these illnesses. The study was based on a literature review and an analysis of publications available on PubMed and Google Scholar platforms. The search has been conducted with the use of a combination of keywords like: “diabetes type 1”, “diabetes type 2”, “depression”, “mental health”.
An abbreviated description of the state of knowledge: Every third patient with diabetes shows depressive symptoms. These psychological disorders are more common in people with type 1 diabetes. The most vulnerable group of patients are single women with low socioeconomic status and comorbidities. Numerous biochemical and psychosocial changes in the life of diabetic patients, significantly increase the risk of developing depression. The latest scientific reports also draw attention to the two-way relationship between diabetes and depression. The inclusion of cognitive-behavioral therapy brings positive results in managing diabetes with comorbid depression.
Summary: The available scientific data clearly shows the existence of psychological and biological links between these two disease entities. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders can improve the course of diabetes.
Introduction: Ovarian cancer ranks seventh in terms of incidence and eighth in terms of mortality among women worldwide. It is divided into several subtypes. The epithelial type of ovarian cancer is ...responsible for 90% of cases. The clinical picture is usually an appendage tumor detected by palpation or during pelvic imaging. Symptoms are usually non-specific such as abdominal pushing or bloating.
State of knowledge: Ovarian cancer is usually detected at an advanced stage due to the long duration of absence of symptoms. Therefore, there is an urgent need to look at existing and identify potential biomarkers that can lead to the development of new and more effective predictors for the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer. The ability of these biomarkers to predict the existence and stages of ovarian cancer could improve early diagnosis and survival of ovarian cancer patients. Currently, the biomarkers CA-125 and HE4 play the most important role in diagnosis. However, there are an increasing number of reports on other biomarkers such as kallikreins, bikunin, VEGF, and mesothelin.
Summary: Partly due to the lack of effective screening, ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed in the final stages. This is why ongoing research into new biomarkers that could contribute to faster detection of the disease is so important. They would also increase the effectiveness of the therapies used and enable a better prognosis of the course of the disease.
Introduction: Varicella is an acute infectious disease caused by the Varicella zoster virus. It is among one of the most contagious infectious diseases. The main symptoms of the disease are an itchy, ...papular and vesicular rash on the trunk, face, scalp, extremities, mucous membranes. In addition, there is fever, malaise, headache and muscle aches, enlargement of lymph nodes. In most cases, varicella is mild, but 2-6% of patients may develop dangerous complications. The most common complications include bacterial skin infections, neurological symptoms and acute thrombocytopenia.
Aim: The purpose of this study is to present the severe and complicated course of varicella in a 12-month-old patient.
Results: On the day of admission, the patient presented symptoms of an exacerbation of the course of varicella. The main symptoms were smallpox eruptions, increasing fever track, and enlarged and painful lymph nodes. During his stay, the patient's condition indicated a severe course of varicella. It was complicated by infection of the skin, subcutaneous tissue and lymph nodes. In addition, tests showed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and positivity for cat scratch disease. He also developed zoster during his hospitalization. Throughout his stay in the hospital, many tests and consultations were carried out to clarify his symptoms. With appropriate treatment, the patient's condition improved and he was able to be discharged home after a 3-week hospitalization.
Conclusions: The presented case shows the severe course of varicella. Due to recommendations and the patient's too young age, he could not be vaccinated against VZV. In each patient, the course of the disease is unpredictable. Vaccination protects against severe symptoms, and also reduces the risk of developing zoster in the future. In addition, long-term immunity can be acquired through vaccination.
Introduction and purpose: More and more reports suggest that diabetes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding this link may provide a new approach to ...modulating the onset and progression of sporadic AD cases. The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge on the basic mechanisms and factors influencing the development of AD in patients with type 2 diabetes in the context of clinical practice.
State of knowledge: It is estimated that up to 80% of Alzheimer's patients have glucose intolerance or diabetes. Impaired insulin signaling can lead to abnormal processing and accumulation of beta-amyloid protein, which can result in memory deficits and cognitive decline. Insulin deficiency can also cause over-activity of the GSK3 enzyme, leading to tau hyperphosphorylation and senile plaque accumulation. Diabetes can also cause fibrotic changes in cerebral vessels, disrupting brain metabolism and potentially leading to hippocampus atrophy. The release of cytokines during the metabolic syndrome can also cause oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which may contribute to neuronal atrophy. It has been reported that healthy diet, physical exercises and prevention of metabolic diseases may reduce the incidence of AD.
Conclusions: Epidemiological data and pathophysiological studies indicate a significant relationship between these diseases that AD is sometimes called Type 3 diabetes. Early detection of hyperglycemia and its proper management, may be crucial in the context of the clinical prevention of dementia diseases. It is essential to pay attention to the cognitive abilities of patients with metabolic diseases.
ABSTRACT
Introduction and purpose: COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease that is caused by a new strain of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (type 2 acute respiratory syndrome virus). Globally, as of 14 July ...2021, there have been more than 4 million deaths and almost 190 million confirmed cases of infection. Mental health disorders are sets of behaviours, ways of thinking or perceiving and other mental activities and relations with other people which are a source of suffering or impediments to the individual functioning of the affected person. The most common mental health disorders are anxiety disorders, insomnia, depression and somatic disorders.
State of knowledge: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted people's lives around the world through the rapid spread of the disease, high mortality and negative health effects. Over time, there is growing public concern that health systems may become overburdened and that adequate medical care will not be available to everyone affected by the disease. There are also concerns that isolation and reduced mobility will be long-term with serious consequences for mental health and well-being.
Summary: There is already evidence of the negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents, as well as the elderly who have been isolated, making these individuals more susceptible to developing long-term psychiatric disorders.
Introduction and objective: Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 10% of the population globally. The exact pathogenesis of rosacea remains unknown. However, ...there are considered several factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental impact, immune dysregulation, as well as presence of microorganisms. The aim of the study is to review recent knowledge about the relationship between rosacea and Demodex folliculorum. The information used in the presented analysis was obtained by searching academic research databases: Google Scholar and PubMed.
An abbreviated description of the state of knowledge: Demodex folliculorum is a microscopic mite that resides in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the skin. Current studies show that Demodex folliculorum plays an important role in pathogenesis of rosacea. That is related with the induction of excessive pro-inflammatory skin response combined with increase in inflammation mediators. Moreover in patients with rosacea there is observed a nearly 6-fold increase in Demodex folliculorum density in comparison to general population. Increased number of mites is associated with local immunosuppression that may predispose to the development of rosacea. The presence of Demodex mites is related not only with acute course and prolonged duration of the disease, but also with higher probability of recurrence.
Summary: Demodex folliculorum is involved in the pathogenesis of rosacea. Moreover, as a parasite, it significantly decreases the quality of patient’s life. Therefore, patients with severe rosacea should be examined for the presence of Demodex mites. In case of detection, regardless of its quantitative load, antiparasitic drug should be recommended.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) – case report Borkowska, Aleksandra; Sobstyl, Anna; Chałupnik, Aleksandra ...
Journal of education, health and sport,
09/2020, Letnik:
10, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Introduction Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. In 90% of children, HUS most often develops after an intestinal infection ...caused by verotoxin-producing E. coli. The remaining 10%, without any preceding diarrhea, are diagnosed with atypical HUS.Aim The objective of the study was the presentation the case of two patient with hemolytic uremic syndrome.Results The case report concerns two patients diagnosed with haemolytic uremic syndrome. Both cases shared many symptoms. Initially gastroenteritis, dehydration followed by thrombocytopenia, renal failure and anemia. These are examples of a typical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Many additional tests were carried out, including morphology, urinalysis, blood chemistry, but the final diagnosis was made on the basis of the clinical picture and the triad of symptoms typical of HUS.Conclusions Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a disease that threatens the life of a child. It is important to recognize symptoms as soon as possible and begin treatment to prevent dangerous complications.
Role of the gut microbiota in human health Chałupnik, Aleksandra; Chilimoniuk, Zuzanna; Sobstyl, Anna ...
Journal of education, health and sport,
08/2020, Letnik:
10, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Introduction: The human gut microbiota has become the subject of extensive research in recent years and the knowledge of the species inhabiting the gut is growing rapidly. Microbiota plays an ...important role in human health and diseases. It takes part in obtaining and storing energy, as well as in metabolic functions.The aim of the study: The purpose of the study is to collect and review scientific publications about the impact of gut microbiota on human health.Material and method: The paper uses standard criteria as the research method. The articles used to create the reviews were published on the PubMed and Google Scholar platforms.Description of the state of knowledge: Numerous studies suggest that composition of intestinal microbiota has impact on the long-term functioning of the human organism. Depressive disorders appear to be associated with changes in the microbiota. In depressed patients, fewer bacteria of the type Bacteroidetes and higher level of Alistipes are found. A few studies have demonstrated a link between gut microbial signatures and hypertension. Studies have shown that T2DM patients may have an altered composition of gut microbiota, mainly a decreased Bacteroidetes/ Firmicutes ratio and decrease in some functional bacteria when compared to healthy people. Intestinal microorganisms are also a key element in the proper functioning of the immune system by influencing the maturation process of the immune system's cells. Summary: To sum up, numerous studies indicate that abnormal composition of the intestinal microflora is the cause of not only faster development of metabolic syndrome, but also other diseases. It influences the development of circulatory, nervous or immune system diseases. Its abnormal composition is influenced by many factors such as diet, lifestyle or antibiotic therapy.
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