•Edible jellyfishes are rich in protein and minerals while low in fats and calories.•Major amino acids present in edible jellyfishes were Gly, Pro and Glu.•The main elements present within jellyfish ...tissues were Cl, Na, K, Mg, S and Si.•Collagen was found to be the major protein in edible jellyfishes.
The study aimed to evaluate nutraceutical potential of three commercially significant edible jellyfish species (Acromitus hardenbergi, Rhopilema hispidum and Rhopilema esculentum). The bell and oral arms of these jellyfishes were analyzed for their proximate composition, calorific value, collagen content, amino acid profile, chemical score and elemental constituent. In general, all jellyfish possessed low calorific values (1.0–4.9kcal/g D.W.) and negligible fat contents (0.4–1.8g/100g D.W.), while protein (20.0–53.9g/100g D.W.) and minerals (15.9–57.2g/100g D.W.) were found to be the richest components. Total collagen content of edible jellyfish varied from 122.64 to 693.92mg/g D.W., accounting for approximately half its total protein content. The dominant amino acids in both bell and oral arms of all jellyfish studied includes glycine, glutamate, threonine, proline, aspartate and arginine, while the major elements were sodium, potassium, chlorine, magnesium, sulfur, zinc and silicon. Among the jellyfish, A. hardenbergi exhibited significantly higher total amino acids, chemical scores and collagen content (p<0.05) compared to R. hispidum and R. esculentum. Having good protein quality and low calories, edible jellyfish is an appealing source of nutritive ingredients for the development of oral formulations, nutricosmetics and functional food.
An extended interval between the two primary doses may reduce the risk of myocarditis/pericarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Taiwan has implemented a two-dose regimen with a 12-week interval ...for adolescents. Here we present nationwide data of myocarditis/pericarditis following COVID-19 vaccinations.
Data on adverse events of myocarditis/pericarditis were from the Taiwan Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System between March 22, 2021, and February 9, 2022. The reporting rates according to sex, age, and vaccine type were calculated. We investigated the rates among young individuals under different two-dose intervals and among those who received two doses of different vaccines.
Among 204 cases who met the case definition of myocarditis/pericarditis, 75 cases occurred after the first dose and 129 after the second. The rate of myocarditis/pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination varied across sex and age groups and was highest after the second dose in males aged 12–17 years (126.79 cases per million vaccinees) for the BNT162b2 vaccine and in males aged 18–24 years (93.84 cases per million vaccinees) for the mRNA-1273 vaccine. The data did not suggest an association between longer between-dose interval and lower rate of myocarditis/pericarditis among males and females aged 18–24 or 25–29 years who received two doses of the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine. Rates of myocarditis/pericarditis in males and females aged 18–49 years after receiving ChAdOx1-S - mRNA-1273 vaccination was significantly higher than after ChAdOx1-S - ChAdOx1-S vaccination.
Myocarditis and pericarditis are rare following mRNA vaccination, with higher risk occurring in young males after the second dose.
•Carotenoid and phenolics significantly correlated (p<0.05) to antioxidant activities.•Fucoxanthin and gallic acid were the lead compounds responsible for antioxidant activities.•Chaetoceros ...calcitrans and Isochrysis galbana had higher activities than the rest.
Natural antioxidants from sustainable sources are favoured to accommodate worldwide antioxidant demand. In addition to bioprospecting for natural and sustainable antioxidant sources, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the bioactives (i.e. carotenoid and phenolic acids) and the antioxidant capacities in fucoxanthin‐producing algae. Total carotenoid, phenolic acid, fucoxanthin contents and fatty acid profile of six species of algae (five microalgae and one macroalga) were quantified followed by bioactivity evaluation using four antioxidant assays. Chaetoceros calcitrans and Isochrysis galbana displayed the highest antioxidant activity, followed by Odontella sinensis and Skeletonema costatum which showed moderate bioactivities. Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Saccharina japonica exhibited the least antioxidant activities amongst the algae species examined. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression showed that both carotenoids and phenolic acids were significantly correlated (p<0.05) with the antioxidant activities, indicating the influence of these bioactives on the algal antioxidant capacities.
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•Jellyfish collagen yield is increased by using an improved non-enzymatic extraction method.•IASC possesses similar proximate and amino acids composition as PSC.•IASC retains high ...molecular weight and polypeptide profiles as ASC.•Jellyfish collagen is tested non-toxic and free of heavy metal contamination.
Efficiency and effectiveness of collagen extraction process contribute to huge impacts to the quality, supply and cost of the collagen produced. Jellyfish is a potential sustainable source of collagen where their applications are not limited by religious constraints and threats of transmittable diseases. The present study compared the extraction yield, physico-chemical properties and toxicology in vitro of collagens obtained by the conventional acid-assisted and pepsin-assisted extraction to an improved physical-aided extraction process. By increasing physical intervention, the production yield increased significantly compared to the conventional extraction processes (p < .05). Collagen extracted using the improved process was found to possess similar proximate and amino acids composition to those extracted using pepsin (p > .05) while retaining high molecular weight distributions and polypeptide profiles similar to those extracted using only acid. Moreover, they exhibited better appearance, instrumental colour and were found to be non-toxic in vitro and free of heavy metal contamination.
The objectives of this study were to determine phenolic content and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from different parts of cantaloupe (leaf, stem, skin, seed and flesh). The flesh ...extract afforded the highest yield (89.6
±
0.3%) whilst the lowest yield was obtained from the seed (13.7
±
0.5%) (
p
<
0.05). The leaf extract showed the highest total phenolic content (26.4
±
0.3
mg GAE/g extract) and total flavonoid content (69.7
±
3.37
μg RE/g extract) accompanied with best antioxidant activity through all antioxidant assays (
p
<
0.05). In addition, the stem extract also exhibited good antioxidant activity. Thus, these results suggest that methanolic extracts of cantaloupe leaf and stem may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant for food and nutraceutical application.
This study aimed to isolate, identify, and evaluate the probiotic properties of
species from honey of the stingless bee
.
spp. were isolated from five different
meliponicultures, and the isolates ...were characterized through Gram-staining and a catalase test. Tolerance to acidic conditions and bile salt (0.3%), hydrophobicity, and autoaggregation tests were performed to assess the probiotic properties of the selected isolates,
HTI-19 and
HTI-23. Both
isolates exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and possessed significantly high survival rates in 0.3% bile solution for 3 h. Their survival rates in acidic conditions were also comparable to a commercial probiotic strain,
GG. Interestingly, the hydrophobicity and autoaggregation percentage showed no significant difference from
GG, a commercial probiotic strain. The results from this study suggest that
HTI-19 and
HTI-23 isolated from stingless bee honey have considerably good probiotic properties. Therefore, more studies should be done to investigate the effects of these bacteria cultures on gastrointestinal health.
The way cells communicate is not fully understood. However, it is well-known that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved. Researchers initially thought that EVs were used by cells to remove ...cellular waste. It is now clear that EVs function as signaling molecules released by cells to communicate with one another, carrying a cargo representing the mother cell. Furthermore, these EVs can be found in all biological fluids, making them the perfect non-invasive diagnostic tool, as their cargo causes functional changes in the cells upon receiving, unlike synthetic drug carriers. EVs last longer in circulation and instigate minor immune responses, making them the perfect drug carrier. This review sheds light on the latest development in EVs isolation, characterization and, application as therapeutic cargo, novel drug loading techniques, and diagnostic tools. We also address the advancement in plant-derived EVs, their characteristics, and applications; since plant-derived EVs only recently gained focus, we listed the latest findings. Although there is much more to learn about, EV is a wide field of research; what scientists have discovered so far is fascinating. This paper is suitable for those new to the field seeking to understand EVs and those already familiar with it but wanting to review the latest findings.
In this study, leaves of three indigenous varieties of Mulberry namely, Morus alba L., Morus nigra L. and Morus rubra L. were investigated for their antioxidant potential and their proximate ...composition was determined. The yields of 80% methanolic extracts ranged between 8.28-13.89%. The contents of total phenolics (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC) and ascorbic acid (AA) ranged between 16.21-24.37 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, 26.41-31.28 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g and 0.97-1.49 mg/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity of leaf extracts was evaluated by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(•)) radical scavenging actity, 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS(•+)) radical cation scavenging capacity and ferric ion reducing power and values ranged between 1.89-2.12, 6.12-9.89 and 0.56-0.97 mM Trolox equivalent/g of dried leaves, respectively. The investigated features reveal good nutritive and antioxidant attributes of all the varieties with mutually significant differences.
The current study is aimed to determine the antioxidant properties of crude ethanolic extract (CEE) of defatted kenaf seed meal (DKSM) and its derived n-butanol (BF) and aqueous (AqF) fractions. ...Spectrophotometric assays showed that BF contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds and saponins, followed by CEE and AqF (p < 0.05). Similarly, HPLC-DAD analysis revealed that level of all the detected predominant phenolic compounds was significantly higher in BF (p < 0.05). Through multiple antioxidant assays, BF exhibited higher antioxidant activity than CEE and AqF, except for iron chelating activity (p < 0.05). Antioxidant activity of CEE and fractions were strongly correlated to their phenolic and saponin contents. This study showed that phenolic compounds and saponins could be extracted and partially purified simultaneously from DKSM by employing a simple alcoholic extraction–fractionation procedure. High antioxidative phenolics–saponins rich fraction from DKSM is a potential active ingredient that could be applied in nutraceuticals, functional foods as well as natural food preservatives.
•This is the first study on saponins and phenolics in defatted kenaf seed meal (DKSM).•Phenolics–saponins rich fraction (PSRF) was prepared from DKSM.•PSRF was obtained through n-butanol fractionation of DKSM ethanolic extract.•PSRF exhibited high in-vitro antiradical activity.
Allergic diseases (ADs) are a major concern when it comes to public well‐being. Moringa oleifera Lam is a tropical plant that is used in traditional medicine due to the presence of isothiocyanate. ...The present study investigated the antiallergic properties of 4‐( α ‐L‐rhamnopyranosyloxy)‐benzyl isothiocyanate or moringin isolated from Moringa oleifera seeds in the form of alpha‐cyclodextrin‐moringin ( α ‐CD/MG) complex on rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL‐2H3) cell line at both the early and late stages of an allergic reaction. The α ‐CD/MG complex was initially elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) followed by the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium inner salt proliferation assay to evaluate the cytotoxicity and cell viability with respect to ketotifen fumarate (KF) and α ‐CD/MG. The release of beta‐hexosaminidase ( β ‐hexosaminidase) and histamine was used to determine the level of inhibition in the early stage while the suppression of the release of prostaglandin (PGD2), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐ α ), and interleukin (IL‐4) was considered in the late stage. Higher concentrations of α ‐CD/MG (5 μ M, p < 0.001) in mast cell degranulation significantly inhibited the expression of β ‐hexosaminidase, histamine, TNF‐ α , PGD2, and IL‐4 in both the early and late stages. Thus, α ‐CD/MG can potentially be developed as an antiallergic drug as it has the ability to inhibit allergic responses in the late and early stages.
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