Patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) are more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer. Statins, which are widely used in such patients, are shown to modify the risk of prostate cancer. To ...clarify the association between statin use and the risk of prostate cancer among patients with higher risk of developing prostate cancer in Taiwan, a cohort of 26,628 men with IHD and aged between 55 and 100 were acquired from the National Health Insurance Research Database and followed over a period of 8 years. The risk of prostate cancer was calculated by time‐dependent Cox regression model. Statin use was associated with significantly lower risk of both total and advanced prostate cancer (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.719, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.570–0.908; adjusted HR: 0.718, 95% CI: 0.530–0.972 respectively). In Taiwan IHD population, the reduction in risk of prostate cancer was observed in statin users as compared with nonusers.
碩士
國立高雄師範大學
教育學系
93
The main purposes of this study are to investigate the relationship among Values, beliefs in internal-external control ,and Moral Judgment of Junior High School Students. The ...study has been achieved based on the method of survey research and method of literature review. 910 pieces of questionnaires were mailed to all the students of the 39 junior high schools in Kaohsiung city. The corresponding rates were 91.75% and the usable rates were 81.56%. The collected data were analyzed through statistics methods of frequency distribution, t test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regressions.
The conclusions of this study have been made as follows:
1. The junior high students emphasize mostly on relationship value.
On the contrary they don’t emphasize on achievement-value the
mostly.
2. They prefer to internal control.
3. Junior high school students’ moral judgment were under the middle
degree.
4. Different grades of them have significant differences among moral
value
The aim of this study is to evaluate the sex-related differences on the risks of perioperative and late outcomes for adult acute aortic dissection (AAD) patients following surgical management.
By ...using Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, totally 1,410 female and 3,432 male patients were identified to first-ever receive type A AAD open surgery or type B AAD stenting treatment from 2004 to 2013. We assessed the sex-related difference on outcomes, including in-hospital mortality, all-cause mortality, aortic death, redo aortic surgery, ischemic stroke, and depression during the follow-up period. The analysis was done separately for type A and type B surgeries.
On average, female patients diagnosed with AAD were older than males. There was no significant sex difference of in-hospital mortality or all-cause mortality for both type A open and type B stent surgeries. The risk of redo aortic surgery was significantly greater in males than females (7.8% vs. 4%; unadjusted subdistribution hazard ratio SHR 0.51, 95% CI 0.38-0.69) for type A open surgery, but not for type B stent surgery. Noticeably, the risk of newly-diagnosed depression was significantly greater in females than males (8% vs. 5.1%; unadjusted SHR 1.6, 95% CI 1.24-2.06) for type A open surgery, but not for type B stent surgery.
No significant sex-related difference was found for the in-hospital mortality or accumulative all-cause mortality. However, there were more redo aortic surgeries for males and more postoperative depression for females in type A AAD population.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The role of ventilation in preventing tuberculosis (TB) transmission has been widely proposed in infection control guidance. However, conclusive evidence is lacking. Modeling suggested the threshold ...of ventilation rate to reduce effective reproductive ratio (ratio between new secondary infectious cases and source cases) of TB to below 1 is corresponding to a carbon dioxide (CO2) level of 1000 parts per million (ppm). Here, we measured the effect of improving ventilation rate on a TB outbreak involving 27 TB cases and 1665 contacts in underventilated university buildings. Ventilation engineering decreased the maximum CO2 levels from 3204 ± 50 ppm to 591‐603 ppm. Thereafter, the secondary attack rate of new contacts in university dropped to zero (mean follow‐up duration: 5.9 years). Exposure to source TB cases under CO2 >1000 ppm indoor environment was a significant risk factor for contacts to become new infectious TB cases (P < .001). After adjusting for effects of contact investigation and latent TB infection treatment, improving ventilation rate to levels with CO2 <1000 ppm was independently associated with a 97% decrease (95% CI: 50%‐99.9%) in the incidence of TB among contacts. These results show that maintaining adequate indoor ventilation could be a highly effective strategy for controlling TB outbreaks.
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is important in the pathogenesis and prognosis of lymphoma. Previous studies have demonstrated that features of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) TME can be ...associated with prognosis, but questions remain about the mechanisms underlying these TME features, and the interplay between tumor cells and the local TME. Therefore, we performed multispectral immunofluorescence (mIF) using two 6-color panels to interrogate the cellular proportions of T-cell subsets, macrophages, and natural killer cells in 57 cases of de novo DLBCL treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy. We found that very low CD3+ T-cell proportion and low CD4+PD1+ and CD8+PD1+ T cells have poor survival compared to those with a high T-cell proportion. Also, cases with concurrently low TIM3 and PD1 have a poor prognosis. This poor prognosis with low T-cell proportion was validated using immune deconvolution of gene expression profiling data from 351 cases of DLBCL and an additional cohort of 53 cases of DLBCL using routine immunohistochemistry. In addition, cases with loss of B2M, HLA I and/or HLA II protein expression on the tumor cells also had a low T-cell proportion, providing evidence that lack of these proteins allows for immune evasion. Overall, our results show that patients with DLBCL with a low T-cell proportion in the TME have a poor survival when treated with R-CHOP and exhibit mechanisms of immune escape.
AIM： To clarify the benefit of surgical excision for patients with extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. METHODS： We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 140 patients ...with pathologically proven extrahepatic metastases of HCC and evaluated the outcomes of those who had undergone surgical resection （SR） for extrahepatic metastatic lesions. Prognoses made on the basis of extrahepatic metastatic sites were also examined. RESULTS： The survival rates of patients who underwent SR of extrahepatic metastases were significantly better than those of patients who did not receive SR. For the SR group, 1-and 3-year survival rates were 24% and 7%, respectively, while for the non-resection group, the survival rates were 8% and 0%, respectively （P 〈 0.0001）. Survival rates related to metastatic sites were also significantly superior after SR of extrahepatic metastases： median survivals were 32 mo with lung metastasis, 10 mo with bone metastasis, 6.1 mo with brain metastasis. CONCLUSION： SR can provide survival benefits for patients with 1 or 2 isolated extrahepatic metastases and who concurrently exhibit good hepatic functional reserve and general performance status as well as successful treatment of intrahepatic HCC.
Prodigiosin is an intensely red pigment comprising three pyrroles. The biosynthetic pathway includes a two‐step proline oxidation catalyzed by phosphatidylinositol N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase ...subunit A (PigA), with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as its cofactor. The enzyme is crystallized in the apo form and in complex with FAD and proline. As an acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (ACAD) family member, the protein folds into a β‐sheet flanked by two α‐helical domains. PigA forms a tetramer, which is consistent with analytical ultracentrifugation results. FAD binds to PigA in a similar way to that in the other enzymes of the ACAD family. The variable conformations of loop β4–β5 and helix αG correlate well with the structural flexibility required for substrate entrance to the Re side of FAD. Modeling with PigG, the acyl carrier protein, suggests a reasonable mode of interaction with PigA. The structure helps to explain the proline oxidation mechanism, in which Glu244 plays a central role by ing the substrate protons. It also reveals a plausible pocket for oxygen binding to the Si side of FAD.
FAD binding: The biosynthesis of the red dye prodigiosin includes a two‐step proline oxidation catalyzed by the enzyme PigA, with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as its cofactor. The FAD and proline binding modes are clearly shown by XRD at 1.3 and 1.6 Å resolution. A PigA/prolyl‐PigG complex model explains the catalytic mechanism.
Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most common bacterial sexual transmitted disease that causes severe complications including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and ...infertility in females. The Pgp3 protein encoded by C. trachomatis plasmid has been speculated to be an important player in chlamydial pathogenesis. However, the precise function of this protein is unknown and thus remains to be thoroughly investigated.
In this study, we synthesized Pgp3 protein for in vitro stimulation in the Hela cervical carcinoma cells.
We showed that Pgp3 induced prominent expression of host inflammatory cytokine genes including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1), implying a possible role of Pgp3 in modulating the inflammatory reaction in the host.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection remains a major health issue as it causes severe complications including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and infertility in females as a result ...of infection‐associated chronic inflammation. Podoplanin, a transmembrane receptor, has been previously reported on inflammatory macrophages. Thus, strategies that specifically target podoplanin might be able to reduce local inflammation. This study investigated the expression level and function of podoplanin in a C. trachomatis infection model. C57BL/6 mice infected with the mouse pathogen Chlamydia muridarum were examined intermittently from days 1 to 60 using flow cytometry analysis. Percentages of conventional macrophages (CD11b+CD11c−F4/80+) versus inflammatory macrophages (CD11b+CD11c+F4/80+), and the expression of podoplanin in these cells were investigated. Subsequently, a podoplanin‐knockout RAW264.7 cell was used to evaluate the function of podoplanin in C. trachomatis infection. Our findings demonstrated an increased CD11b+ cell volume in the spleen at day 9 after the infection, with augmented podoplanin expression, especially among the inflammatory macrophages. A large number of podoplanin‐expressing macrophages were detected in the genital tract of C. muridarum–infected mice. Furthermore, analysis of the C. trachomatis–infected patients demonstrated a higher percentage of podoplanin‐expressing monocytes than that in the noninfected controls. Using an in vitro infection in a transwell migration assay, we identified that macrophages deficient in podoplanin displayed defective migratory function toward C. trachomatis–infected HeLa 229 cells. Lastly, using immunoprecipitation–mass spectrometry method, we identified two potential podoplanin interacting proteins, namely, Cofilin 1 and Talin 1 actin‐binding proteins. The present study reports a role of podoplanin in directing macrophage migration to the chlamydial infection site. Our results suggest a potential for reducing inflammation in individuals with chronic chlamydial infections by targeting podoplanin.
In this article, we show that podoplanin is expressed abundantly in the macrophages infiltrated into the genital tract during chlamydial infection. Podoplanin regulates movement of macrophages toward the infection site.
Background and Aim
Ropeginterferon alfa‐2b is a novel mono‐pegylated, extra‐long‐acting interferon. It is administered infrequently and showed good tolerability and clinical activity for the chronic ...hepatitis B or C treatment in our previous Phase 2 clinical trials. This study aims to validate the potency and safety of this novel agent in a Phase 3 chronic viral hepatitis setting.
Methods
Patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 2 were randomized to receive subcutaneous injections of ropeginterferon alfa‐2b biweekly or the conventional pegylated interferon alfa‐2b weekly for 24 weeks, combined with ribavirin. The primary endpoint was to assess the safety and antiviral potency of ropeginterferon alfa‐2b by the non‐inferiority in sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment.
Results
A total of 222 patients were enrolled. Ropeginterferon alfa‐2b group showed a favorable safety profile. Side effects that were generally associated with prior interferon therapies, including neutropenia, asthenia, fatigue, alopecia, dizziness, decreased appetite, nausea, flu‐like symptoms including myalgia, pyrexia, and headache, and administration site reactions, were notably less in the ropeginterferon alfa‐2b group. The cumulative incidence of adverse events of special interest was also notably higher in the control group. The primary endpoint was met and ropeginterferon alfa‐2b showed a better SVR12 rate of 79.8% than 71.9% of the control group.
Conclusion
Ropeginterferon alfa‐2b is efficacious and has a favorable safety profile as compared with the conventional pegylated interferon alfa‐2b. This study together with previous Phase 2 data validated ropeginterferon alfa‐2b to be a new treatment option for chronic hepatitis C genotype 2.
The Phase 3 study demonstrated that ropeginterferon alfa‐2b is efficacious and has a favorable safety profile as compared with the conventional pegylated interferon alfa‐2b. This study together with previous Phase 2 data validated ropeginterferon alfa‐2b to be a new treatment option for chronic hepatitis C genotype 2.
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