Shocking Mother Russia Chandler, Andrea
Shocking Mother Russia,
2004, 20041019, 2014, 2004-01-01, 20040101
eBook
Examining the reform process of the old age pension system in Russia, from its Soviet origins to the Putin era,Shocking Mother Russiaadds significantly to the growing body of literature on ...comparative social policy and the political challenges of pension reform. Andrea Chandler explains why Russia's old-age pension system went into decline after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, even though it was a prominent issue in the political arena at the outset of the post-communist transition.
While tracing the roots of the system's difficulties to the Soviet Union's first efforts to establish a national social welfare system after 1917, Chandler nonetheless devotes the bulk of her study to the period from 1990 to 2001. While political factors impeded reform for much of this eleven-year period, ultimately Russia's striking policy reversals provide a case study for developing nations. In 1990, a new Russian pension law was adopted during the Soviet reform process ofperestroika. The system was again significantly altered in 2001 when a market-reform-oriented package of pension legislation was passed.Shocking Mother Russiaplaces the Russian experience in comparative perspective, and suggests lessons for pension reform derived from analysis of the Russian case.
Sabine Dullin. La frontière épaisse: Aux origines des politiques soviétiques (1920-1940). En temps & lieux 55. Paris: Éditions de l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 2014. 356 pp. ...Illustrations. Maps. Tables. Bibliography. Index of places. Index of names. Paper.
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Since the collapse of the Soviet Union a quarter of a century ago, Russia has undergone a dizzying and complex transition that has seen it transform from a communist state into a democracy ...before regressing back to the more authoritarian regime that exists today. Through a compelling and insightful analysis of the Russian case, this book explores the role that social welfare plays in regime transitions, specifically it examines the role that gender and social welfare has played in Russia's often chaotic post-communist political evolution, from Boris Yeltsin's assumption of the presidency in 1991 to Vladimir Putin's return for a third term as president in 2012. From 2001 to 2011, social welfare (especially pronatalist policies) was a key part of the political leadership's governance strategy. A shift from pluralism to regulation accompanied a discourse in which strong government would rein-in a wayward society. But can a hierarchical political system satisfy the aspirations of a changing citizenry? This study demonstrates that gender is at the very centre of debates over the authenticity of democracy in Russia.
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Andrea Chandler is Professor in the Department of Political Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. She authored two previous books: Institutions of Isolation: Border Controls in the Soviet Union and its Successor States, 1917-1993 and Shocking Mother Russia: Democratization, Social Rights, and Pension Reform in Russia, 1990-2001.
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Andrea Chandler's fine new book provides an innovative analysis of the competing discourses – liberal, nationalist, feminist, human rights - that political elites and citizens used to debate social policy in Russia from 1990-2011. Chandler assigns discourse a key role in explaining policy outcomes, and argues that social policy has been a major cause of both democratizing and de-democratizing regime changes. Linda Cook, Department of Political Science, Brown University, USA
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Through compelling and insightful analysis of the Russian case, this book explores the role that social welfare plays in regime transitions. It examines the role that gender and social welfare has played in Russia's post-communist political evolution from Yeltsin's assumption of the presidency to Putin's return for a third term as president in 2012
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Introduction: Democracy, Gender and Citizenship in Postcommunist Russia
PART I. DISCOURSES OF THE EARLY TRANSITION; LIBERALISM, FEMINISM AND THE MARKETS IN THE 1990S 1. Welfare and Social Justice in the USSR's Final Years 2. Liberalism and Social Reform in the Early Transition 3. Gender Equality, Individual Empowerment and Pluralism
PART II. OPPOSITION POLITICS, NATIONALISM AND THE SEARCH FOR AUTHENTICIT, 1995-2004
4. Social Welfare in the Mid-Transition, 1995-2000 5. The Debate on Public Morality 6. The Rediscovery of the Child
PART III. STATISM AND DEMOCRATIC REVERSAL UNDER PUTIN; POLICIES FOR A WAYWARD SOCIETY (2000-2008)
Chapter 7. Pronatalism and Family Politics under Putin's Presidency Chapter 8. Gender and the State in Debates on Conscription
PART IV. STEPS TOWARDS A POST-PUTIN SOCIAL CONTRACT
Chapter 9. Social Justice and Social Inclusion, 2005-2011 Conclusion
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Susan Gal and Gail Kligman, The Politics of Gender after Socialism, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000
Amy G. Mazur, Theorizing Feminist Policy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002
Linda Cook, Postcommunist Welfare States: Reform Politics in Russia and Eastern Europe, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2007.
Mitchell A. Orenstein, Privatizing Pensions: The Transnational Campaign for Social Security Reform. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.
M. Steven Fish, Democracy Derailed in Russia, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005
How Russia Really Works: the Informal Practices that Shaped Post-Soviet Politics and Business. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006
Institutions of isolation Chandler, Andrea
Institutions of isolation,
c1998, 19980423, 1998, 1998-04-23
eBook
Chandler provides a comprehensive examination of border controls from the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 to the collapse of the U.S.S.R. in 1991 and shows the continued importance of border controls ...for the newly independent Soviet successor states. She reveals the changing nature of Soviet border control policy, from the extreme Stalinist isolation of the 1930s to liberalization - and eventual instability - during perestroika in the late 1980s.
In 2013, Russia passed two laws aimed at the LGBT community, including the law that provided administrative penalties for 'propaganda of non-traditional relationships'. The laws generated strong ...international criticism, and were widely seen as the actions of an insulated authoritarian leadership against domestic critics. While domestic factors were very significant, they are insufficient to explain Russia's legislation, for two reasons: first, because the timing of Russia's reforms coincided with the legalisation of same-sex marriage in Britain and France; and second, because Russia had been working for years to promote the heterosexual 'traditional family' in international bodies such as the United Nations. This paper examines the respective roles of domestic and international factors in Russia's laws on same-sex relationships, and situates Russia's messaging on LGBTQ issues in the context of the literatures on global norm diffusion and the 'right to the truth'.
POPULISM AND SOCIAL POLICY Chandler, Andrea
World affairs (Washington),
June 2020, Letnik:
183, Številka:
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Journal Article
Recenzirano
Do populists pursue distinct kinds of policies, and if so, how successful are those policies? Populist rhetoric often invokes themes of redistribution insofar as leaders claim that power and ...resources need to be restored to “the people.” As a result, populists tend to offer a very broad view of social policy that emphasizes security, order, rewards, and punishments. Populists’ narratives may be simple, but once in office, they may face complex problems that call for more sophisticated policy solutions. This study examines whether populist policies fit the messages they deliver to their target voters, and aims to contribute to the development of a methodology for determining that relationship in specific empirical cases. I focus on the case of Russia, which enacted a major change in its old-age pension system in 2018 under the leadership of President Vladimir Putin.
¿ Persiguen los populistas distintos tipos de políticas y, de ser así, qué tan exitosas son esas políticas? La retórica populista a menudo invoca temas de redistribución, en la medida en que los líderes reclaman el poder y los recursos necesarios para ser devueltos a “la gente.” Como resultado, los populistas tienden a ofrecer una visión muy amplia de la política social que enfatiza la seguridad, el orden, las recompensas, y castigos. Las narrativas de los populistas pueden ser simples, pero una vez en el cargo pueden enfrentar problemas complejos que requieren soluciones políticas más sofisticadas. Este estudio examina si las políticas populistas se ajustan a los mensajes que transmiten a sus votantes objetivo y tiene como objetivo contribuir al desarrollo de una metodología para determinar esa relación en casos empíricos específicos. La investigación se centra en el caso de Rusia, que promulgó un cambio importante en su sistema de pensiones de vejez en 2018 bajo el liderazgo del presidente Vladimir Putin.
民粹主义者是否追求独特类型的政策，如果是的话，这些政策有多成功？民粹主义叙事经常提及再分配这一主题，以至于领导者宣称权力和资源需要归还给”人民”。结果则是，民粹主义者往往给出一个相当宽泛的、强调安全、秩序、奖励和惩罚的社会政策视角。民粹主义者的叙事可能是简单的，但在他们就职后可能会面对各种需要更复杂的政策解决措施的难题。本文检验了民粹主义政策是否与其传递给目标选民的信息相一致，并旨在对一个用于确定特定实证案例中该关系（即政策与选民接收信息相一致）的方法论的发展作出贡献。研究聚焦于俄罗斯案例，后者在弗拉基米尔•普京总统的领导下于2018年对旧养老金体系颁布了一项重大政策调整。
In 2013 the European Commission presented a draft directive calling for member states to increase the presence of women on corporate boards. Some countries, such as France, have taken a quota ...approach by passing legislation requiring corporations to increase the numbers of women on their boards over time, while the governments of other states, such as the United Kingdom, have preferred measures to encourage corporations to have more inclusive boards. While there is a growing literature on the impact that an increased presence of women can have on corporate boards, as well as a solid feminist literature on the role of quotas in political structures, there has been relatively little attention to the specific ways in which political actors have viewed the question of women on corporate boards. This article compares the ways in which quotas for women in corporate boards have been examined by the legislatures of the United Kingdom and France, with attention also to parliamentary debates in Canada and Russia. It is hypothesized that variations in political discourse help explain why conservative governments adopted such different approaches toward gender balance on corporate boards.
During a regime transition, are citizens more likely to appeal to the courts to protect their rights, or less likely? The study examines 107 decisions of the Constitutional Court and Supreme Court on ...social welfare, passed between 1991 and 2010. As the political system became more authoritarian under President Vladimir Putin, citizen petitions to the Supreme and Constitutional Courts greatly increased, reflecting discontent with the content and implementation of social welfare reforms. Furthermore, citizen petitioners won a surprisingly large number of their cases. The analysis reveals the Constitutional Court to be a strong defender of social rights overall, while establishing an implicit hierarchy of groups entitled to special protection. Its rulings posited that the state has an obligation not just to uphold its current social contract, but to honour the previous social contract for people who spent their productive lives under a different political regime.
Russia's 2014 annexation of Crimea without the consent of Ukraine was a rare case of a state taking territory from a state with whom it previously enjoyed friendly relations. The paper seeks to ...explain the causes and consequences of this annexation by examining theories of democratic peace, constructivism and irredentism. In 1971, political scientist Myron Weiner published an article "The Macedonian Syndrome" in the journal World Politics (vol. 23, no. 4, 665-683). In particular, the paper examines the applicability of Weiner's theses to Russia's 2014 attempt to annex Crimea from Ukraine. While Weiner's theory helps to explain Russia's moves, his theory can be updated to consider the consequences of those moves. Russia attempted to justify its annexation by transposing the concept of friendship from Ukraine itself to a piece of its territory - Crimea. This transposition rested on a false dichotomy between Ukraine and Crimea, and Russia's failure to live up to its international commitments to respect Ukrainian borders brought swift consequences in the form of Western sanctions.
Russia's 2014 annexation of Crimea without the consent of Ukraine was a rare case of a state taking territory from a state with whom it previously enjoyed friendly relations. The paper seeks to ...explain the causes and consequences of this annexation by examining theories of democratic peace, constructivism and irredentism. In 1971, political scientist Myron Weiner published an article "The Macedonian Syndrome" in the journal World Politics (vol. 23, no. 4, 665-683). In particular, the paper examines the applicability of Weiner's theses to Russia's 2014 attempt to annex Crimea from Ukraine. While Weiner's theory helps to explain Russia's moves, his theory can be updated to consider the consequences of those moves. Russia attempted to justify its annexation by transposing the concept of friendship from Ukraine itself to a piece of its territory - Crimea. This transposition rested on a false dichotomy between Ukraine and Crimea, and Russia's failure to live up to its international commitments to respect Ukrainian borders brought swift consequences in the form of Western sanctions.
