China is the world’s biggest fishing nation and a major player in the global seafood trade. Its fisheries development can decisively influence the global seafood trade, food security and marine ...conservation. In recent years, significant changes have taken place in China’s fisheries management priorities, policies and regulations. In this paper, we review the evolving fisheries management practices in China to delineate changes in the management policies, methods and their performances from 1949 to 2019. We determined that the following issues impede the development, implementation and enforcement of fisheries policies and regulations, namely the large size of the fishing fleet, large and poorly organized fisheries population, the “hidden” fishing capacity, uniform management approaches that sometimes fail to account for local conditions, lack of clearly defined and allocated fishing rights, limited data quality and availability, insufficient fisheries monitoring programmes, absence of a robust scientific input framework and insufficient stakeholder involvement. Combining those problems with China’s current management initiatives, we propose recommendations for China’s future fisheries reforms. We hope this paper can inform China’s marine fisheries policies and provide valuable references for further researches related to China’s sustainable fisheries management.
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) after herpes zoster is a debilitating complication that severely affects the quality of life of patients. Neuromodulation such as spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and ...trigeminal semilunar ganglion stimulation (TSGS) have become effective methods for treating postherpetic neuralgia.
A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 30 patients with postherpetic neuralgia who underwent SCS or TSGS treatment from January 2022 to January 2024. Patients received conventional treatment before neuromodulation. Clinical data including patient age, gender, pain characteristics, treatment outcomes were collected. The efficacy was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Modified Global Impression of Change scale. Optimal stimulation parameters were also analyzed.
The results showed that postoperative pain was significantly reduced in both SCS and TSGS groups, with a higher satisfaction rate in the SCS group (89 % vs. 77 %). The optimal stimulation parameters for the two treatments were also different. Compared to SCS, TSGS required a higher frequency but lower pulse width and voltage.
This study suggests that neuromodulation may be an effective treatment for PHN, but the subtle differences between SCS and TSGS support a more personalized treatment approach.
•This study fills the currently on spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and trigeminal ganglion after stimulation (TSGS) in the treatment of herpes zoster neuralgia (PHN) and the details of the comparative effectiveness research blank. There are relatively few in-depth comparisons of the therapeutic effects of neuromodulation of PHN at different sites in the existing literature.•Through a retrospective analysis, the study validated the significant effects of neuromodulation techniques (SCS and TSGS) in reducing pain in PHN patients, providing important clinical evidence supporting these techniques as effective methods for the treatment of PHN.
Purpose. This study investigated the prognostic value of the albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio (AFR) in patients with sepsis as a consequence of infection at various sites. Methods. A total of 300 patients ...with sepsis caused by various infection sites, who met the diagnostic criteria for sepsis hospitalized in the intensive care unit, were enrolled in this study. The observational endpoint was 28-day mortality. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine the potential prognostic factors for 28-day mortality in these septic patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate and compare the prognostic factors for 28-day mortality. Results. Of 300 participants, 147 died, corresponding to a 28-day mortality of 49% (147/300). Baseline Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score (hazard ratio (HR) 1.18 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.30); P<0.001), baseline lactic acid level (HR 1.27 (95% CI 1.08–1.50); P=0.005), the presence of septic shock (HR 21.44 (95% CI 2.51–182.76); P=0.005), and baseline AFR (HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.62–0.80); P<0.001) were independent prognostic factors for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis according to multivariate Cox analysis. Baseline AFR was an effective predictor of 28-day mortality, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.700, and a specificity and sensitivity of 90.8% and 42.1%, respectively. A low baseline AFR level was associated with increased 28-day sepsis-related mortality. The quadruple index, which included the APACHE II score, lactic acid, septic shock, and AFR, showed a more accurate predictive value for septic patients than the APACHE II score, lactic acid, septic shock, and AFR alone, with an AUC of 0.922, and specificity and sensitivity of 86.9% and 83.6%, respectively. Moreover, the triple index, which included the APACHE II score, lactic acid, and septic shock, showed a significantly lower prognostic value for 28-day mortality compared with the ROC curve of the quadruple index and triple index, with an AUC of 0.877 and specificity and sensitivity of 77.8% and 82.3%, respectively. Conclusions. The results of this study demonstrate that AFR is an independent protective factor for predicting 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis due to various infection sites. AFR combined with the APACHE II score, lactic acid, and septic shock showed a higher prognostic value for sepsis prognosis.
For polymer solar cells (PSCs), the mixture of polymer donors and small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs) is fine‐tuned to realize a favorable kinetically trapped morphology and thus a commercially viable ...device efficiency. However, the thermodynamic relaxation of the mixed domains within the blend raises concerns related to the long‐term operational stability of the devices, especially in the record‐holding Y‐series SMAs. Here, a new class of dimeric Y6‐based SMAs tethered with differential flexible spacers is reported to regulate their aggregation and relaxation behavior. In their polymer blends with PM6, it is found that they favor an improved structural order relative to that of Y6 counterpart. Most importantly, the tethered SMAs show large glass transition temperatures to suppress the thermodynamic relaxation in mixed domains. For the high‐performing dimeric blend, an unprecedented open circuit voltage of 0.87 V is realized with a conversion efficiency of 17.85%, while those of regular Y6‐base devices only reach 0.84 V and 16.93%, respectively. Most importantly, the dimer‐based device possesses substantially reduced burn‐in efficiency loss, retaining more than 80% of the initial efficiency after operating at the maximum power point under continuous illumination for 700 h. The tethering approach provides a new direction to develop PSCs with high efficiency and excellent operating stability.
The thermodynamic relaxation of small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs) in its blend with polymer donor raises concerns related to the long‐term operational stability of polymer solar cells. With flexible spacers to restrict the motion of individual SMAs, the tethered SMAs show higher efficiency, and, most important, large glass transition temperatures to suppress the thermodynamic relaxation in mixed domains.
Developing fisheries policies based on the best available science (BAS) has been generally required in international agreements and national legal documents in many countries. However, it is ...difficult to comply with BAS when lacking a uniformly agreed‐upon operational framework. In this study, we conducted an exhaustive literature review and developed a framework that includes a comprehensive set of criteria and a basic operational structure for science‐based fisheries management (SBFM) to better integrate BAS in fisheries policies. We proposed that SBFM consists of four components: objective‐setting, data input (implementation and enforcement process), data production (scientific research process), and data use (management strategy development). The capacity of a fisheries system to produce and use BAS is mainly reflected in the following areas: (a) efficient informational feedback among these components; (b) collecting a good range of quality‐assured data that meet the needs of scientific research and fishery policy formulation; (c) analyzing the collected data; and (d) selecting and using the best data from different sources. The framework developed provides a set of new patterns for the use of fisheries science, which is applied for management purposes. It can inform the creation, evaluation, and improvement of management systems rooted in SBFM and strengthen SBFM‐related research, communication, and cooperation.
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) are promising for efficient solar energy conversion, but achieving high efficiency and device longevity within a bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) structure remains a challenge. ...Traditional small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs) in the BHJ blend show thermodynamic instability affecting the morphology. In contrast, tethered SMAs exhibit higher glass transition temperatures, mitigating these concerns. Yet, they might not integrate well with polymer donors, causing pronounced phase separation and overpurification of mixed domains. Herein, a novel ternary device is introduced that uses DY‐P2EH, a tethered dimeric SMA with conjugated side‐chains as host acceptor, and BTP‐ec9, a monomeric SMA as secondary acceptor, which respectively possess hypomiscibility and hypermiscibility with the polymer donor PM6. This unique combination affords a parallel‐connected ternary BHJ blend, leading to a hierarchical and stable morphology. The ternary device achieves a remarkable fill factor of 80.61% and an impressive power conversion efficiency of 19.09%. Furthermore, the ternary device exhibits exceptional stability, retaining over 85% of its initial efficiency even after enduring 1100 h of thermal stress at 85 °C. These findings highlight the potential advantage of tethered SMAs in the design of ternary devices with a refined hierarchical structure for more efficient and durable solar energy conversion technologies.
A ternary‐device design is proposed that fully utilizes the individual thermodynamic properties of both dimeric acceptor and monomeric acceptor. The high Tg value of dimeric acceptor significantly impedes the molecular movement of monomeric acceptor, while hypermiscible properties of monomeric acceptor promote percolation of the mixed domain for enhancing charge dynamics.
With the power conversion efficiency of binary polymer solar cells dramatically improved, the thermal stability of the small-molecule acceptors raised the main concerns on the device operating ...stability. Here, to address this issue, thiophene-dicarboxylate spacer tethered small-molecule acceptors are designed, and their molecular geometries are further regulated via the thiophene-core isomerism engineering, affording dimeric TDY-α with a 2, 5-substitution and TDY-β with 3, 4-substitution on the core. It shows that TDY-α processes a higher glass transition temperature, better crystallinity relative to its individual small-molecule acceptor segment and isomeric counterpart of TDY-β, and a more stable morphology with the polymer donor. As a result, the TDY-α based device delivers a higher device efficiency of 18.1%, and most important, achieves an extrapolated lifetime of about 35000 hours that retaining 80% of their initial efficiency. Our result suggests that with proper geometry design, the tethered small-molecule acceptors can achieve both high device efficiency and operating stability.
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are designed based on a blend of polymer donor and small molecular acceptor whereby the thermodynamic relaxation of the morphology raises the concerns related to ...operational stability. Herein, it is demonstrated that the classical Y6‐based binary device can be stabilized by using its derivative of ZCCF3 as the third component, which is designed with the replacing of the thiadiazole group on Y6 with the trifluoromethyl substituted diazepine unit. ZCCF3 delivers not only higher glass transition temperature (Tg) than Y6 but also have hyper‐miscibility with Y6, contributing to a favorable diffusion‐limited Y6:ZCCF3 alloy when blended with polymer donor. Consequently, a champion power conversion efficiency of 18.54% is achieved in the optimal PM6: Y6: ZCCF3 devices, which can retain their 80% initial efficiency of up to 360 h. This study highlights the importance of high Tg of the third component and its derived hyper‐miscible accepter alloys in achieving highly efficient and stable OSCs.
Herein, it is demonstrated that the classical Y6‐based binary device can be stabilized by using its derivative of ZCCF3 as the third component. The new acceptor delivers not only a higher glass transition temperature than Y6 but also have a hyper‐miscibility with Y6, contributing to a favorable diffusion‐limited Y6: ZCCF3 alloy when blended with polymer donor.
NADH dehydrogenase ubiquinone 1 alpha subcomplex, 4-like 2 (NDUFA4L2) is a subunit of Complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which is important in metabolic reprogramming and oxidative ...stress in multiple cancers. However, the biological role and molecular regulation of NDUFA4L2 in glioblastoma (GBM) are poorly understood. Here, we found that NDUFA4L2 was significantly upregulated in GBM; the elevated levels were correlated with reduced patient survival. Gene knockdown of NDUFA4L2 inhibited tumor cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, while tumor cells initiated protective mitophagy in vitro and in vivo. We used lentivirus to reduce expression levels of NDUFA4L2 protein in GBM cells exposed to mitophagy blockers, which led to a significant enhancement of tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and inhibited the development of xenografted tumors in vivo. In contrast to other tumor types, NDUFA4L2 expression in GBM may not be directly regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, because HIF-1α inhibitors failed to inhibit NDUFA4L2 in GBM. Apatinib was able to effectively target NDUFA4L2 in GBM, presenting an alternative to the use of lentiviruses, which currently cannot be used in humans. Taken together, our data suggest the use of NDUFA4L2 as a potential therapeutic target in GBM and demonstrate a practical treatment approach.
Facial paralysis can result in severe implications for patients. A good prognosis depends on the degree of nerve regeneration. Schwann cells (SCs) play an important role in facial nerve development ...and regeneration through migration. Forkhead box C1 (Foxc1), a member of the forkhead transcription factor family, is implicated in cell migration. However, the role of Foxc1 in the progression after facial nerve crush remains unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of Foxc1 overexpression on SC migration and recovery of facial nerves after crush injury. The rat facial nerve crush injury model was established through the use of unilateral surgery. The results showed that the expression of Foxc1 was increased in the surgery group compared to that of the control group. SCs were isolated from the sciatic nerves and cultured. Foxc1, delivered by an adeno‐associated virus in vivo, or adenovirus in vitro, both induced overexpression of Foxc1, and increased the expression of CXCL12 and β‐catenin. After the transfection of Foxc1, the migration of SC was increased both in vitro and in vivo, was reduced by the inhibition of CXCL12 or β‐catenin. The facial nerve function and the nerve axon remyelination of the rats transfected with Foxc1 were significantly improved after nerve crush injury. Overall, the results demonstrated that overexpression of Foxc1 promoted SC migration by regulating CXCL12 via the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, thus contributing to improved facial nerve function after crush injury.
In this study, we described our novel finding that the overexpression of Forkhead box C1 promoted Schwann cell migration via the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway to improve facial function after nerve crush injury. Our findings may lead to new treatment strategies for facial nerve injury.
PDF
