Purpose
To investigate the impact of single-vision spectacle use on myopia progression in children with low myopia.
Methods
MYOSOTIS is a prospective myopia screening survey including all 46 primary ...and junior high schools in two districts of Hangzhou, China. After 1-to-1 propensity score matching (PSM), 1,685 pairs of students with low myopia were included. Group 1 was composed of 1,685 non-spectacle users at baseline, and group 2 consisted of 1,685 spectacle wearers at both survey rounds. Refraction was examined by noncycloplegic autorefraction and mean spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of both eyes was analyzed. Myopia progression was measured by average rate of change in SER (r∆SER) between two survey rounds and compared between the two groups.
Results
After PSM, no significant difference in age, sex ratio, SER, and uncorrected visual acuity (VA) between the two groups was found at baseline. For myopic progression, r∆SER showed no significant difference between the two groups (− 0.67 ± 0.97 versus − 0.69 ± 0.81 diopter/year,
P
= 0.448). After adjusting for age, sex, SER, and VA, the difference in r∆SER between the two groups was not significant (− 0.031, 95% CI − 0.089 ~ 0.028 diopter/year,
P
= 0.302). In the subgroup analyses stratified by age and SER, and in the sensitivity analyses by eye side, there was still no significant difference in myopia progression between the two groups.
Conclusions
Our study indicates that single-vision spectacle use has no impact on myopia progression in children with low myopia. Spectacles are recommended in children with low myopia if their visual acuity has interfered with the daily life.
Background
To investigate the incidence of developing posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in children after congenital cataract surgery.
Methods
This is a prospective study which recruited 131 ...children with congenital cataracts who underwent cataract surgery between June 1, 2015, and September 1, 2018. The patients were divided into two groups depending on their post-operation phakic status (with or without IOL implantation). Infants aged from 6 to 12 months from two groups were analyzed as subgroups, respectively. B-scan ultrasonography was performed before the procedure and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12-month follow-ups, respectively, after the operation.
Results
Of the 131 eyes included in the analyses, 74 were aphakic, and 57 were pseudophakic after surgery. The postoperative rate of PVD in all analyzed eyes was 6.9% (9 of 131 eyes). After 12 months, PVD was significantly more prevalent in the eyes that underwent cataract surgery with IOL implantation (10.5%, 6 of 57 eyes) compared to the eyes without IOL implantation (4.1%, 1 of 74 eyes,
P
< 0.05); however, the eyes in the aphakic group were significantly younger than the eyes in the pseudophakic group, while the mean axial length (AL) of the pseudophakic eyes (21.11 ± 2.07 mm) was significantly higher than that of the aphakic eyes (18.93 ± 1.86 mm) (
P
< 0.01). In patients between the ages of 6 and 12 months of age from the two groups, the AL of patients with IOL implantation continued to be significantly increased compared to the group without IOL implantation (20.44 ± 1.68 mm vs. 19.78 ± 1.52 mm,
P
< 0.01). At the follow-up appointments, two patients with PVD were observed among the 14 eyes that had undergone cataract surgery with IOL implantation, while one eye was observed to have developed PVD among the 15 eyes without IOL implantation.
Conclusions
PVD occurs with greater frequency after congenital cataract surgery, particularly in eyes that have undergone IOL implantation. We suggest that PVD should be carefully monitored in children after congenital cataract surgery to avoid subsequent ocular pathologies such as retinal detachment. Future studies are needed to determine other potential risk factors that have not been as thoroughly explored, as opposed to better-known factors such as older age, longer axial length, and IOL implantation.
Purpose
To compare the accuracy of the eight formulas for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in pediatric cataract patients.
Methods
A retrospective study. A total of 68 eyes (68 patients) that ...underwent uneventful cataract surgery and posterior chamber IOL implantation in the capsular bag were enrolled. We compared the calculation accuracy of the 8 formulas at 1 month postoperatively and performed subgroup analysis according to age or axial length (AL).
Results
The mean age at surgery was 34.07 ± 24.60 months and mean AL was 21.12 ± 1.42 mm. The mean prediction errors (PE) of eight formulas for all patients were as follows: SRK II (− 0.66), SRK/T (− 0.44), Holladay 1 (− 0.36), Hoffer Q (− 0.09), Olsen (0.71), Barrett (0.37), Holladay 2 (− 0.70), and Haigis (0.50). There was significant difference among the 8 formulas (
p
< 0.0001), while no significant difference of absolute PE was found among the 8 formulas in all patients (
p
= 0.053). Moreover, in patients younger than 2 years old or with AL ≤ 21 mm, SRK/T formula was relatively accurate in 34% and 39% of eyes, respectively. While in patients older than 2 or with AL > 21 mm, Barrett and Haigis formulas were better (58% and 47% for Barrett, 52% and 53% for Haigis).
Conclusion
Overall, in patients younger than 2 years old or with AL ≤ 21 mm, SRK/T formulas were relatively accurate, while Barrett and Haigis formulas were better in patients older than 2 or with AL > 21 mm.
Purpose:
To evaluate the effects of age on the morphologies of the crystalline lens, ciliary muscle (CM), Schlemm’s canal (SC), and trabecular meshwork (TM) using swept-source optical coherence ...tomography (SS-OCT).
Methods:
Images of the crystalline lens and iridocorneal angle were obtained in healthy participants’ eyes using SS-OCT. Morphological parameters of the crystalline lens, CM, and TM/SC were measured, and the relationship between these parameters and age was evaluated.
Results:
A total of 62 healthy participants were enrolled, with an age range of 7–79 years. With adjustments for the effects of axial length and sex, both the nasal and temporal SC cross-sectional areas (CSA) and the cross-sectional area of the CM (CMA), distance from the scleral spur to the inner apex of the ciliary muscle (IA-SS), and nasal SC volume were negatively correlated with age (
P
≤ 0.041). Meanwhile, the lens thickness (LT) (
P
< 0.001) and lens vault (LV) (
P
< 0.001) were positively correlated with age, and the radius of the curvature of the anterior lens (ALR) was negatively correlated with age (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion:
Increasing age was associated with a thicker crystalline lens, a steeper anterior lens curvature, an anteriorly located and smaller CM, and a narrower SC.
Clinical Trial Registration:
https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/Select Protocol?sid=S000A3JZ&selectaction=Edit&uid=U00019K7&ts=4&cx=-c5xxp8
, identifier NCT04576884.
To investigate the relationship between capsular bend type and posterior capsule opacification (PCO) at a three-dimensional (3D) level using high-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography ...(SS-OCT).
This was a retrospective study. A total of 99 eyes that underwent standard cataract surgery with phacoemulsification 2 years ago were analyzed. Standard SS-OCT radial scanning was performed in all eyes and the obtained photos were used for morphological observations of the capsular bend-IOL complex, the adhesion of posterior capsule to the IOL optic, and the position of the anterior capsulorhexis. Digital retroillumination photographs were taken of the posterior capsule of each eye to evaluate PCO (scoring and area).
In terms of the PCO score and area, there was no statistical difference between eyes with complete and incomplete adhesion of posterior capsule to IOL (both P > .05), whereas the partial overlap group showed a statistical difference greater than the total overlap group (P < .05). There were two types of capsular bends, completed adhesion (CA) and incomplete adhesion (IA). IA was divided into funnel adhesion (IA-F), parallel adhesion (IA-P), and detached adhesion (IA-D). The incomplete adhesion index (IAI) varied between eyes and ranged from 0 to 1. The PCO score and area in the high IAI group (higher than 0.50) were significantly greater than the low IAI group (< 0.50) (P < .05). In addition, the PCO score and area were significantly higher in the cohort with at least one IA-D capsular bend in six districts to the group that did not have IA-D capsular bend (P < .05).
Complete or incomplete adhesion of the posterior capsule to the IOL optic may not be necessary for the development of PCO. Our study suggests that capsular bend type may be used as an index to predict PCO.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction
The aim of this work is to investigate the dynamic changes of capsular-intraocular lens (IOL) adhesion in plate-haptic hydrophilic and loop-haptic hydrophobic eyes.
Methods
Cataract eyes ...that met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to receive implantation of a plate-haptic hydrophilic or loop-haptic IOL. The anterior capsular adhesion, posterior capsular adhesion, and the configurations of the capsular bend were evaluated using swept-source optical coherence tomography at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively.
Results
In total, 66 eyes of 66 patients were eligible for the analysis: 33 in the plate-haptic group and 33 in the loop-haptic group. The contact between the anterior capsule and IOL in the plate-haptic group was earlier than that in the loop-haptic group upon comparing the measurements taken at 1 day and 1 week (
p
= 0.001,
p
= 0.003, respectively). The complete attachment of the posterior capsule and IOL in the plate-haptic group was significantly greater at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months (
p
= 0.001,
p
= 0.000,
p
= 0.001, respectively). The capsular bend index of the plate-haptic group was significantly greater than that of the loop-haptic group at each time points except at 1 day (
p
= 0.007,
p
= 0.049,
p
= 0.005, respectively). Furthermore, a new type of capsular bend, “cocked adhesion,” was observed in the plate-haptic eyes.
Conclusions
The plate-haptic IOL demonstrated excellent capsular adhesion compared to the loop-haptic IOL, which was probably attributed to haptic compressibility. A special cocked configuration of the capsular bend in plate-haptic IOL was observed for the first time. Further studies are warranted to confirm the effect of the new type of capsular bend.
To observe the change of capsulotomy opening diameter (COD) in aphakic eyes after primary congenital cataract removal and investigate its influencing factors.
Ocular parameters, including corneal ...diameter (CD), axial length (AL), anterior and posterior COD (ACOD, PCOD), and age at surgery were recorded at primary congenital cataract removal and secondary intraocular lens implantation. The concentrations of 15 kinds of cytokines in aqueous humor samples collected at the primary surgery were detected. The change (Δ) of COD between two surgeries were described, and its association was analyzed.
Fifty eyes from 33 patients with congenital cataract who underwent primary and secondary surgery were enrolled. The changes in ACOD and PCOD were not statistically significant on the whole. ΔACOD was positively correlated with ΔCD and the concentrations of PDGF-AA, VEGF and TGF-β1. The concentration of FGF-2 and the interval between two surgeries showed negative correlations with ΔACOD and ΔPCOD.
COD in aphakic eyes kept changing after primary surgery. The positive correlation between ΔACOD and ΔCD manifested the enlargement of ACOD was influenced by lateral eye growth. Meanwhile, ΔACOD was also associated with cytokines, indicating postoperative inflammation promoted the ACOD constriction.
This study aimed to identify the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative glaucoma-related adverse events at various time points after congenital cataract surgery.
This retrospective cohort ...study enrolled 259 eyes from 174 patients (surgical age ≤ 7 years) who underwent congenital cataract surgery. All surgical procedures were conducted at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between May 2011 and March 2019. Patients were classified into group 1 primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, N = 111 eyes, group 2 (secondary IOL implantation, N = 85 eyes), and group 3 (no IOL implantation, N = 63 eyes). We recorded demographic factors and incidence and risk factors for glaucoma-related adverse events.
Glaucoma-related adverse events occurred in 21 (8.1%) eyes, whereas 27 (10.4%) eyes developed steroid-induced ocular hypertension. The percentage of glaucoma-related adverse events was 0%, 1.2%, 1.2%, 1.6%, 4.0%, and 8.9% at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 4 years after surgery, respectively. Sixteen (18.8%), five (7.9%), and zero eyes developed glaucoma-related adverse events in groups 2, 3, and 1, respectively. Family history of congenital cataract hazard ratio (HR), 50.463; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.051-361.139; P < 0.001, preoperative central corneal thickness (CCT) HR, 1.021; 95% CI, 1.009-1.034; P = 0.001, preoperative horizontal corneal diameter (HCD) HR, 3.922; 95% CI, 1.558-9.804; P = 0.004, and preoperative lens thickness (LT) HR, 3.745; 95% CI, 1.344-10.417; P = 0.012 were identified as predictors of postoperative glaucoma-related adverse events.
Family history of congenital cataract, thicker preoperative CCT, smaller preoperative HCD, and thinner preoperative LT are the main risk factors of postoperative glaucoma-related adverse events. Regular monitoring of children after cataract surgery with these risk factors may help ophthalmologists detect susceptible individuals and provide timely interventions in the clinic.
Introduction
This study analyzed the visual outcome following cataract surgery with toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) in patients older than 80 years with corneal astigmatism.
Methods
A total of 159 ...patients (159 eyes) older than 80 years with corneal astigmatism (≥ 0.75 D) were included. Fifty-three eyes received Acrysof IQ® toric IOLs (SN6AT2–5), while the others received non-toric IOLs: 51 eyes received Acrysof IQ® IOLs (SN60WF) and 55 eyes received A1-UV IOLs. The uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, and refraction (spherical equivalent, refractive cylinder) were assessed at 3 months postoperatively. The prediction error of refractive outcome and percentages of eyes within ± 0.50 D and ± 1.00 D in the toric IOL group obtained using five toric IOL formulas (Barrett predicted posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA), Barrett measured PCA, Kane, EVO 2.0 and Næser–Savini) were compared.
Results
At 3 months postoperatively, the average uncorrected distance visual acuity was better in the toric IOL group than the non-toric IOL group (
p
< 0.001). The mean residual refractive cylinder was lower in the toric IOL group than the non-toric IOL group (
p
< 0.001). The Næser–Savini formula achieved the lowest mean absolute error (0.39 D) and had the highest percentages of eyes within an absolute error of 0.50 D and 1.00 D (72% and 98%) compared to the other formulas.
Conclusion
The results demonstrate the efficacy of toric IOL implantation in patients older than 80 years with corneal astigmatism and provide strong evidence for cataract surgeons to encourage such patients to choose toric IOLs.
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