Tiny AI edge processors prefer using nvCIM to achieve low standby power, high energy efficiency (EF), and short wakeupto-response latency (T WR ). Most nvCIMs use in-memory computing for MAC ...operations; however, this imposes a tradeoff between EF and accuracy, due to MAC accumulationnumber (N ACU ) versus signal margin and readout quantization. To achieve high EF and high accuracy, we developed a systemlevel nvCIM-friendly control scheme and a nvCIM macro with two analog near-memory computing schemes. The proposed 28nm nonvolatile AI edge processor with 4Mb ReRAMnvCIM achieved high EF (27.2 TOPS/W), short T WR (3.19 ms), and low accuracy loss (<0.5%) The EF of the ReRAM-nvCIM macro was 38.6 TOPS/W.
Background: Although most patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) show high total and allergen‐specific serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, a small subgroup of AD patients have normal total IgE levels ...and negative serum allergen‐specific IgE. This subgroup has been termed ‘intrinsic’ AD (IAD) as a counterpart to ‘extrinsic’ AD (EAD). However, the difference of chemokines between IAD and EAD has not yet been evaluated.
Objective: We investigated the expression of CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 17, CCL22, and CCL18 in patients with IAD and EAD, which are known to be highly expressed in AD patients.
Methods: We assessed the protein levels of these chemokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), sera and lesional skins. We also evaluated CCL18 mRNA levels in monocytes, Langerhans cell (LC)‐like dendritic cells (DCs) and inflammatory dendritic epidermal cell (IDEC)‐like DCs from both types of AD patients.
Results: There were no significant differences in CCL17 and CCL22 expression in PBMCs, sera and lesional skins of patients with IAD and EAD. CCL18 expression did not differ in PBMCs, sera and LC‐like DCs from the two subgroups, but strong CCL18 expression was observed in lesional skins and IDEC‐like DCs in patients with EAD. Lastly, serum CCL18 levels significantly decreased after immunotherapy.
Conclusion: This study suggests that the chemokine micromilieu, especially the level of CCL18, is different between EAD and IAD patients. High FcεRI surface‐expressing DCs, such as IDEC, were the major source of CCL18, and produced a prominent CCL18 microenvironment in EAD patients compared with IAD patients.
The applications of composite dispatching rules for multi objective dynamic scheduling have been widely studied in literature. In general, a composite dispatching rule is a combination of several ...elementary dispatching rules, which is designed to optimize multiple objectives of interest under a certain scheduling environment. The relative importance of elementary dispatching rules is modeled by weight factors. A critical issue for implementation of composite dispatching rule is that the inappropriate weight values may result in poor performance. This paper presents an offline scheduling knowledge acquisition method based on reinforcement learning using simulation technique. The scheduling knowledge is applied to adjust the appropriate weight values of elementary dispatching rules in composite manner with respect to work in process fluctuation of machines during online scheduling. Implementation of the proposed method in a two objectives dynamic job shop scheduling problem is demonstrated and the results are satisfactory.
Abstract Background Most of the atrial cardiomyocytes with positive terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP in situ nick end-labelling (TUNEL) reaction are not apoptotic in patients ...with mitral and tricuspid valve diseases. The TUNEL-positive myocytes with expression of spliceosome assembly factor SC-35, an indicator of increased RNA synthesis, should be living cardiomyocytes. Methods This study analyzed twenty-three patients with significant mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. Fifteen patients had persistent atrial fibrillation, and eight had sinus rhythm. Atrial appendageal tissues were obtained during surgery. Immunohistochemical study was performed. Results Immunohistochemical study of fibrillating right atrial myocardium demonstrated that 44.8 ± 24.6% of myocytes had TUNEL-positive nuclei whereas 39.4 ± 21.4% of myocytes had TUNEL-positive nuclei in sinus right atrial myocardium ( p = 0.682). However, most (81.6%) nuclei of TUNEL-positive myocytes in the fibrillating right atria also expressed proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), an indicator of DNA replication and repair, and most nuclei (91.8%) of TUNEL-positive myocytes also expressed SC-35. In fibrillating left atria, most (88.1%) nuclei of TUNEL-positive myocytes also expressed SC-35. Similarly, in sinus right atrial myocardium, most (78.0%) nuclei of TUNEL-positive myocytes expressed PCNA, and most (91.4%) nuclei of TUNEL-positive myocytes also expressed SC-35, but none expressed Ki-67, a replication-associated antigen. Additionally, the percentage of TUNEL-positive myocytes in the right atria significantly and positively correlated with the percentage of PCNA-positive myocytes (r = 0.826, p < 0.001) and SC-35 positive myocytes (r = 0.713, p < 0.001). Conclusions Most TUNEL-positive atrial cardiomyocytes in patients with mitral and tricuspid regurgitation are living cardiomyocytes.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) arises from mutations in a subset of genes. We investigated the germline and somatic mutation spectrum of patients with CRC in Taiwan by using the AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot ...Panel V2. Fifty paired freshly frozen stage 0-IV CRC tumors and adjacent normal tissue were collected. Blood DNA from 20 healthy donors were used for comparison of germline mutations. Variants were identified using an ion-torrent personal genomic machine and subsequently confirmed by Sanger sequencing or pyrosequencing. Five nonsynonymous germline variants on 4 cancer susceptible genes, CDH1, APC, MLH1, and NRAS, were observed in 6 patients with CRC (12%). Among them, oncogene NRAS G138R variant was identified as having a predicted damaging effect on protein function, which has never been reported by other laboratories. CDH1 T340A variants were presented in 3 patients. The germline variants in the cancer patients differed completely from those found in asymptomatic controls. Furthermore, a total of 56 COSMIC and 21 novel somatic variants distributed in 20 genes were detected in 44 (88%) of the CRC samples. High inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity levels were observed. Nine rare variants located in the β-catenin binding region of the APC gene were discovered, 7 of which could cause amino acid frameshift and might have a pathogenic effect. In conclusion, panel-based mutation detection by using a high-throughput sequencing platform can elucidate race-dependent cancer genomes. This approach facilitates identifying individuals at high risk and aiding the recognition of novel mutations as targets for drug development.
Recently, the organic synthesis and electronic device applications of π-conjugated polymer-based materials with low energy band gap (below 2 eV) and high values of incident photon to current ...efficiency have been presented. In the present study, the physical properties of polythiophene (PTH) and its derivative systems (PTs) were investigated as π-conjugated low energy band gap polymers. Density functional theory with periodic boundary condition (PBC), the B3LYP functional, and the 6-31G(d) basis set was applied to determine their geometric and electronic structures and corresponding energies (
E
HOMO
,
E
LUMO
, and
E
g
=
E
LUMO
−
E
HOMO
) from the monomer of thiophene and its derivatives for one-dimensional (1D) extension to polymer. The effects of 3-substitution in PTs including electron-donating (CH
3
–, C
6
H
13
–, OH–, Cl–, OCH
3
–, and CHO–) and electron-withdrawing groups (Cl–, CHO–, CN–, NO
2
–, CF
3
–, and COOH–) compared with PTH were investigated. According to the calculation results, PTs with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents should exhibit red- and blue-shifts, respectively, compared with PTH. These calculation results show good agreement with experimental data and provide further information for molecular design considerations.
MoS2 Devices
In article number 2106411, Wen‐Wei Wu and co‐workers reveal the direct observation of an MoS2 device under biasing via powerful in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). During in ...situ TEM biasing, the MoS2 is etched vertically and horizontally; the former is dominated by knock‐on damage, while the latter involves atomic migration induced by Joule heating. Also, the long cracks that form by thermal stress, which are discovered in both in situ and ex situ biasing at 10 V, are discussed in this research. It is believed that insights of material damage can push the limit of material properties and broaden the range of MoS2‐based device applications.
Achieving self-powered photodetection without biasing is a notable challenge for photodetectors. In this work, we demonstrate the successful fabrication of large-scale van der Waals epitaxial ...molybdenum disulfide (MoS
2
) on a p-GaN/sapphire substrate using a straightforward chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Our research primarily centers on the characterization of these photodetectors produced through this method. The MoS
2
/GaN heterojunction photodetector showcases a broad and extensive photoresponse spanning from ultraviolet A (UVA) to near-infrared (NIR). When illuminated by a 532 nm laser, its self-powered photoresponse is characterized by a rise time (
τ
r
) of ∼18.5 ms and a decay time (
τ
d
) of ∼123.2 ms. The photodetector achieves a responsivity (
R
) of ∼0.13 A W
−1
and a specific detectivity (
D
*) of ∼3.8 × 10
10
Jones at zero bias. Additionally, while utilizing a 404 nm laser, the photodetector reaches a maximum
R
and
D
* of ∼1.7 × 10
4
A/W and ∼1.6 × 10
13
Jones, respectively, at
V
b
= 5 V. The operational mechanism of the device can be explained by the diode characteristics involving a tunneling current in the presence of reverse bias. The exceptional performance of these photodetectors can be attributed to the pristine interface between the CVD-grown MoS
2
and GaN, providing an impeccably clean tunneling surface. Additionally, our investigation has unveiled that MoS
2
/GaN heterostructure photodetectors, featuring MoS
2
coverage percentages spanning from 20% to 50%, exhibit improved responsivity capabilities at an external bias voltage. As a result, this facile CVD growth technique for MoS
2
photodetectors holds significant potential for large-scale production in the manufacturing industry.
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