The aim of this research was to evaluate and compare the creative tension of university students in three different universities in South Korea and Finland. The creative tension, or the gap between a ...person's feeling of current reality and target for future, was analysed according to features describing their committing factors related to their universities and studies. Data for this study were collected from 41 university students through self-evaluation using internet-based survey instrument. The application was able to identify the creative tension in each group of university students, and the results show differences in creative tension across the universities and also between countries. This type of in-depth analysis into the cultural perceptions of attributes offers valuable new information for academia and businesses.
This paper deals with the design and implementation of radio-frequency identification (RFID) based cargo monitoring system which supports tracking and tracing in air-cargo operation. In order to ...apply a proper RFID technology, firstly we studied RF operational environment and tested different RFID frequencies. After finding a right technology (i.e. frequency), we designed and implemented tracking and tracing system applying EPC networks. We believe that our research will bring a guideline for developing RFID based tracking system for cargo operation.
An analytical method of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soil samples by isotope dilution method using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-selected ion monitoring (SIM) was described. PBDEs ...in soil were extracted with soxhlet extractor and then silica and florisil solid phase extraction (SPE) methods as purification of extract were compared. After clean-up, the extractions were analyzed by GC/MS with SIM mode. Quantitation was performed isotope dilution method using four $^{13}C$ isotopically labeled PBDEs as internal standards. This developed method was validated for eight congeners of PBDEs in the concentration range 0.04~4 ng/g in soil and the average recovery of the analytes ranged 30.8~110.8% for florisil and 44.4~110.7% for silica, respectively. The method detection limits of PBDEs were 0.04~0.3 ng/g. 본 연구에서는 토양중에 존재하는 폴리브롬화 디페닐에테르 (polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs)를 동위원소희석법을 이용한 기체크로마토그래피/질량분석기-선택이온검색법에 의해 검출하는 분석방법을 소개하였다. 토양 중 PBDEs는 속실렛 장치로 추출하고 실리카와 플로리실 흡착제를 이용한 고체상 추출법을 비교하였다. 정제 후 추출물은 기체크로마토그래피/질량분석기-선택이온검색방법으로 분석하였으며, 동위원소로 치환된 4종의 PBDEs를 내부표준물질로 이용한 동위원소 희석법으로 8종의 PBDEs를 정량하였다. 속실렛추출 후 플로리실과 실리카 카트리지를 통한 회수율은 각각 30.8~110.8%, 44.4~110.7%이었다. 이 분석법의 검출한계는 0.04~0.3 ng/g로 나타났다.
The symptoms of cough hypersensitivity do not distinguish between asthmatic cough and refractory chronic cough. Cough reflex hypersensitivity may underlie chronic cough across different phenotypes, ...despite having different treatable traits, Background Recently, cough reflex hypersensitivity has been proposed as a common underlying feature of chronic cough in adults. However, symptoms and clinical characteristics of cough hypersensitivity have not been studied amongst phenotypes of chronic cough. This study aimed to compare symptom features, such as cough triggers and associated throat sensations, of cough hypersensitivity in patients with asthmatic chronic cough and those with refractory chronic cough (RCC). Methods Patients with chronic cough from the Korean Chronic Cough Registry were prospectively evaluated over 6 months. Physicians determined the etiological diagnosis based on clinical evaluations and responses to treatment at the 6-month follow-up visit. Symptoms of cough hypersensitivity and cough-specific quality of life were assessed using the Cough Hypersensitivity Questionnaire (CHQ) and the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ), respectively. Results The analysis included 280 patients who completed the follow-up: 79 with asthmatic cough (cough variant asthma or eosinophilic bronchitis) and 201 with RCC. Baseline CHQ scores were similar between the groups (8.3±3.7 in asthmatic cough versus 8.9±3.9 in RCC; p=0.215, adjusted for age, sex and and LCQ score). There were no significant between-group differences in the LCQ and cough severity VAS scores. Both groups showed a similar negative correlation with LCQ scores (asthmatic cough: r=−0.427, p<0.001; RUCC: r=−0.306, p<0.001). Conclusions The symptoms of cough hypersensitivity may not distinguish between asthmatic cough and RCC. This suggests that chronic cough is the primary diagnosis in both phenotypes. It indicates a shared mechanism in their cough pathogenesis, despite having potentially different treatable traits.
Many patients with asthma have type-2 airway inflammation, identified by the presence of biomarkers, including history of allergy, high blood eosinophil (EOS) count, and high fractional exhaled ...nitric oxide levels.
To assess disease burden in relation to type-2 inflammatory biomarker status (history of allergy, blood EOS count, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide level) in patients with uncontrolled and controlled severe asthma in the NOVEL observational longiTudinal studY (NOVELTY) (NCT02760329).
Asthma diagnosis and severity were physician-reported. Control was defined using Asthma Control Test score (uncontrolled <20, controlled ≥20) and/or 1 or more severe physician-reported exacerbation in the previous year. Biomarker distribution (history of allergy, blood EOS count, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide level), symptom burden (Asthma Control Test score, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale), health status (St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire score), exacerbations, and health care resource utilization were assessed.
Of 647 patients with severe asthma, 446 had uncontrolled and 123 had controlled asthma. Among those with uncontrolled asthma, 196 (44%) had 2 or more positive biomarkers, 187 (42%) had 1 positive biomarker, 325 (73%) had low blood EOS, and 63 (14%) were triple-negative. Disease burden was similarly high across uncontrolled subgroups, irrespective of biomarker status, with poor symptom control (Asthma Control Test score 14.9-16.6), impaired health status (St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire total score 46.7-49.4), clinically important breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council grade ≥2 in 47.3%-57.1%), and 1 or more severe exacerbation (70.6%-76.2%).
Type-2 inflammatory biomarkers did not differentiate disease burden in patients with severe asthma. Patients with low type-2 inflammatory biomarker levels have few biologic therapy options; their needs should be addressed.
Display omitted
With the rapid development of e-commerce since COVID-19 and the growth of international trade, logistics have grown in importance. Recently with the development of drone technology-most notably, the ...utilization of drones for deliveries-are changing the process of delivery by making it more accessible, rapid, and responsive to evolving demands. This paper investigates the use of drone in logistics field and summarizes the types of drone accidents. In addition, by analyzing the status and prospects of drone-related policies, regulation, and insurance systems, we propose the necessity and direction for the improvement of appropriate systems that is necessary for the development of drone logistics. We reviewed cases in which drones are being used in the logistics industry and the types of accidents of drones to analyze the safety problems of drone logistics. Then the current regulations, policies and legal system and insurance system of drones was investigated.
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the performance of the Global Trigger Tool and to investigate characteristics associated with the occurrence of adverse events (
AEs
).
Study design
...Retrospective medical record review.
Setting
A tertiary teaching hospital,
K
orea.
Method
We employed two‐stage review of a random sample of 630 charts for patients discharged between
J
anuary and
J
une 2011. Two quality improvement specialists reviewed the presence of
AEs
using 53 triggers developed by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. Two physicians reviewed and validated the findings of adverse events. Positive predictive values for individual triggers were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with
AEs
.
Results
Of 629 patients, 45 (7%) experienced at least one
AE
during their hospitalization. Among the observed
AEs
, 61% were preventable. The frequent types of
AEs
were ‘procedure‐related’ and ‘medication‐related’. Six triggers had positive predictive values of greater than 50.0%: ‘health care‐associated infection’, ‘any procedure complication’, ‘medication: other’, ‘return to surgery’, ‘occurrence of any operative complication’ and ‘intubation/reintubation’. Significant factors associated with the occurrence of
AEs
were length of stay (
OR
1.13; 95%
CI
1.07 to 1.20) and the number of triggers (
OR
1.49; 95%
CI
1.11 to 1.98).
Conclusion
The Global Trigger Tool was useful for the detection of adverse events in a
K
orean hospital setting. Triggers with high positive predictive values should have priority for incorporation into routine screening systems. Furthermore, patients who stay longer in the hospital need to be closely monitored using triggers to improve patient safety.
The aim of the present study was to examine the causal-effect of baseline (year 2004) serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in year 2008. The ...study was comprised of male workers who underwent a regular health check-up in 2004 and 2008. MS was diagnosed according to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) criteria. In the subgroup analysis according to serum GGT level, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) showed a significant increasing tendency (p < 0.001). In addition, unexpectedly results were consistent in non-drinkers (p < 0.001). GGT level was significantly associated with risk factors of MS (waist circumference WC: r = 0.18, p < 0.001; fasting blood glucose FBG: r = 0.16, p < 0.001; TG: r = 0.29, p < 0.001). As the secondary biomarker, homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S) and TC had significant correlations with GGT level (HOMA-S: r = . 0.14, p < 0.001; TC: r = 0.21, p < 0.001). In the 4-year prospective analysis, the predictive effect of baseline GGT concentrations on change in MS status was evaluated using Cox proportional model. Elevated GGT concentrations measured in 2004 were associated with the risk of MS incidence after 4 years (GGT: HR 1.7 95% CI: 1.2.2.3) (p < 0.01). This observation indicates that an elevated GGT level could be suggested as a subsidiary marker for MS and partially reflects dyslipidemia as a component of MS.Wheat is a common cause of food allergy. Wheat-induced anaphylaxis (WIA) and wheat-dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) are severe forms of immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated allergic reaction to wheat protein. As the diagnosis of WIA or WDEIA is not easy because of the risk of oral challenge, identification of specific IgE of various wheat proteins is helpful for diagnosis. In Korea, there are only a few reports on WIA in adults. We report six cases of WIA diagnosed on the basis of clinical history and specific IgE of wheat proteins or provocation test. For immunologic evaluation of severe wheat allergy including WIA and WDEIA, it is important to measure specific IgE to each component of wheat including gluten and ω-5 gliadin not just measuring wheat-specific IgE.
Fast atom bombardment collisionally activated dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (FAB CAD MS/MS) of a disulfide-containing peptide, 2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine- enkephalin ...(Pen-enkephalin), is described. Unlike those of most other disulfide-containing peptides investigated, CAD of the native, unreduced protonated molecule of Pen-enkephalin yields a relatively large number of fragment ions. Most of the peaks in the CAD spectrum represent fragmentations of the peptide backbone with 'unsymmetric' cleavage of the disulfide bond with charge retention on the N-terminus; the fragment ions generally do not contain a sulfur atom or a disulfide group. The CAD spectrum of the N-terminal ethyl-triphenylphosphonium derivative, on the other hand, shows few fragment ions and is dominated by the single peak at m/z 523. This dominant ion also results from 'unsymmetric' cleavage and corresponds to the analogous protonated species (m/z 235) in the spectrum of the underivatized peptide. The chemical method of charge localization by triphenylphosphonium derivative formation at one end of the peptide is shown to be useful for investigating fragmentation mechanisms in FAB CAD MS/MS. Comparison of the CAD spectra of derivatized and underivatized Pen-enkephalin suggests that charge-remote fragmentation plays a significant role in the high-energy dissociation of this disulfide-bonded peptide.
![[화학] 기체크로마토그래피/동위원소 희석 질량분석...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/1225-0163/small "[화학] 기체크로마토그래피/동위원소 희석 질량분석법을 이용한 토양 중 폴리브롬화 디페닐에테르의 분석법")
PDF