The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident intramembrane rhomboid protease RHBDL4 generates metastable protein fragments and together with the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery provides a ...clearance mechanism for aberrant and surplus proteins. However, the endogenous substrate spectrum and with that the role of RHBDL4 in physiological ERAD is mainly unknown. Here, we use a substrate trapping approach in combination with quantitative proteomics to identify physiological RHBDL4 substrates. This revealed oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex subunits such as the catalytic active subunit STT3A as substrates for the RHBDL4-dependent ERAD pathway. RHBDL4-catalysed cleavage inactivates OST subunits by triggering dislocation into the cytoplasm and subsequent proteasomal degradation. RHBDL4 thereby controls the abundance and activity of OST, suggesting a novel link between the ERAD machinery and glycosylation tuning.
Abstract
A significant number of patients suffers from refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN) after receiving microvascular decompression (MVD) or other neuro-destructive procedure such as gamma knife ...radiosurgery (GKRS). This study aims to demonstrate a remediable, reproducible approach to treating refractory pain effectively by percutaneous radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomy (RF-TR).
A total of 392 patients with TN were treated by RF-TR during the past 10 years. Among these patients, 48 cases who had received either MVD, GKRS alone, or a combination of both were assigned to group A. Those who had not received any form of treatment (125 patients) or failed to respond medically (130 patients) were assigned as the control group (group B). All the RF-TR were performed by a single surgeon with the aid of intraoperative computed tomography (iCT)-based neuronavigation with magnetic resonance (MR) image fusion. The outcome measure was the numerical rating scale (NRS) expressed subjectively by patients. The paired Student
t
test and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used for statistical analysis.
In group A, 21 of 24 patients (88%) had significant improvement (NRS change ≥5) in facial pain after RF-TR. The average NRS score was 9.75 ± 0.53 before the procedure and 1.92 ± 3.35 post-treatment (significant NRS decrease
P
= .000). On the other hand, in group B, 226 of 255 patients (89%) also had dramatic amelioration of facial pain after RF-TR. The average NRS score was 9.46 ± 0.69 before the procedure and 1.62 ± 2.85 post-treatment (7.84 ± 2.82 in NRS decrease
P
= .008). By using a univariate ANCOVA, no statistical significance was found in NRS score improvement between the two groups.
Repeated MVD and GKRS for refractory TN may be less desirable due to a greater risk of mortality (up to 0.8%) and morbidity (4% of serious complications). Conversely, RF-TR administration with the novel navigation technique by using iCT and MR image fusion is free from any remarkable and irreversible morbidities. In this study, RF-TR not only provided an alternative and effective strategy if TN recurred but also resulted in the same NRS score improvement regardless of the status of prior treatment.
Molecular Theory of ZEKE Spectroscopy Chao, S. D.; Selzle, Heinrich L.; Neusser, Hans Jürgen ...
Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie (Neue Folge),
5/2007, Letnik:
221, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In this paper, we derive the double-resonance and single-resonance two photon absorption cross sections for zero electron kinetic energy (ZEKE) spectroscopy using the inverse Born–Oppenheimer ...approximation (IBOA) as a basis set. Quantum chemistry calculations can then be used to evaluate the ZEKE spectra. To show how to analyze the vibronic spectra of ZEKE spectroscopy, a couple of examples have been analyzed. Quantum chemistry calculations can be employed to obtain the potential surfaces of molecules and their ions, which can be used to calculate the Franck–Condon factors involved in the vibronic transitions. We also show that using the IBOA as a basis set, the autoionization of the ZEKE states can be calculated.
We present crossed-beam scattering experiments and quantum calculations on the H + HD - > H2 + D reaction. We find that the motion of the system along the reaction coordinate slows down as it ...approaches the top of the reaction barrier, thereby allowing vibrations perpendicular to the reaction coordinate and forward scattering. The reaction thus proceeds, as previously suggested, through a well-defined 'quantized bottleneck state' different from the trapped Feshbach resonance states observed before. (Author)
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A new expiratory droplet investigation system (EDIS) was used to conduct the most comprehensive program of study to date, of the dilution corrected droplet size distributions produced during ...different respiratory activities.
Distinct physiological processes were responsible for specific size distribution modes. The majority of particles for all activities were produced in one or more modes, with diameters below 0.8
μm at average concentrations up to 0.75
cm
−3. These particles occurred at varying concentrations, during all respiratory activities, including normal breathing. A second mode at 1.8
μm was produced during all activities, but at lower concentrations of up to 0.14
cm
−3.
Speech produced additional particles in modes near 3.5 and 5
μm. These two modes became most pronounced during sustained vocalization, producing average concentrations of 0.04 and 0.16
cm
−3, respectively, suggesting that the aerosolization of secretions lubricating the vocal chords is a major source of droplets in terms of number.
For the entire size range examined of 0.3–20
μm, average particle number concentrations produced during exhalation ranged from 0.1
cm
−3 for breathing to 1.1
cm
−3 for sustained vocalization.
Non-equilibrium droplet evaporation was not detectable for particles between 0.5 and 20
μm, implying that evaporation to the equilibrium droplet size occurred within 0.8
s.
Aflatoxin (AF), a highly potent hepatocarcinogen, is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, our aim was to determine if this carcinogen is ...associated with cases of HCC in Singapore. Blood levels of the naturally-occurring AFs--B1, B2, G1 and G2--were assayed in 56 cases of HCC. AF was detected in only 2/56 (3.6%) cases of HCC, one each of AF-B1 and AF-G1. In contrast, in a similar survey done in Singapore on normal subjects, AF was positive in 64/423 (15.1%) cases. The low frequency of AF detection in our patients suggests that HCC in Singapore is not associated with significant chronic exposure to AF.
Objective Persistent pruritic eruptions (PPE) are common among our patients with adult-onset Still disease (AOSD). We aimed to characterize the clinicopathologic features of the AOSD-associated ...evanescent and persistent rashes. Methods We reviewed the clinicopathologic features of the skin lesions from all AOSD cases diagnosed in our hospital during 1988 to 2009. The diagnoses were based on Yamaguchi criteria for AOSD. Results Altogether, there were 36 patients (6 men and 30 women) with age of onset ranging from 17 to 67 years (average 35.7 years). Evanescent rash was recorded in 31 patients (86%) and PPEs in 28 (78%). PPEs usually appeared at the disease onset and manifested as widespread, pruritic, erythematous urticarial or violaceous to brownish flat-topped (lichenoid) papules and plaques over the trunk, neck, face, and extensor sides of the extremities. PPEs were classified clinically as urticarial papules ( n = 21), lichenoid papules ( n = 18), prominent linear and dermographism-like ( n = 11), dermatomyositis-like ( n = 7), prurigo pigmentosa-like ( n = 4), and lichen amyloidosis-like ( n = 2). The clinical activity score was 5.78 ± 1.11 (range 4 to 8) for the series and 6.57 ± 0.98 and 5.57 ± 1.07, respectively, for the groups with and without dermatomyositis-like PPE ( P = 0.0314). Five patients died, 3 of them with dermatomyositis-like PPE. Histopathologically, the evanescent rash (8 specimens) showed a superficial perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes and neutrophils, whereas the PPEs (32 specimens) revealed solitary or cluster necrotic keratinocytes in the superficial epidermis with infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils in the upper and mid dermis. Conclusions PPEs were very common among our patients with AOSD. Recognition of the characteristic clinical and pathologic features of PPE can facilitate diagnosis of AOSD. Therefore, biopsy of atypical eruptions in AOSD patients is recommended because it is likely that the highly distinctive histopathologic features will allow these eruptions to be readily classified.
The ideas of topology have found tremendous success in closed physical systems, but even richer properties exist in the more general open or dissipative framework. We theoretically propose and ...experimentally demonstrate a bulk Fermi arc that develops from non-Hermitian radiative losses in an open system of photonic crystal slabs. Moreover, we discover half-integer topological charges in the polarization of far-field radiation around the bulk Fermi arc. Both phenomena are shown to be direct consequences of the non-Hermitian topological properties of exceptional points, where resonances coincide in their frequencies and linewidths. Our work connects the fields of topological photonics, non-Hermitian physics, and singular optics, providing a framework to explore more complex non-Hermitian topological systems.
The end-point singularity is an unsolved problem in BBNS approach. Incorporating the partonic transverse momentum and the Sudakov form factor, this problem can be solved model-independently. We ...discuss the Sudakov effects in BBNS approach. The BBNS approach is compared with the modified PQCD approach. The main idea of Sudakov form factor is briefly discussed. Our conclusion is that the twist-3 contribution for the hard spectator scattering is numerically not important in B→ππ decays, compared with the twist-2 contribution.
This paper presents the protective relay settings of tie line and design of load shedding scheme for an integrated steelmaking industrial power system to ensure the system stability after severe ...fault contingency on external utility power network. The transient stability analysis of the industrial power system with the equivalent external Taipower system has been executed for an actual fault contingency in 2005. The mathematical models of 13 cogeneration units in the plant and large generators of a nearby Taipower thermal plant are included in the computer simulation to solve the system transient response for the fault contingency to verify the accuracy of the models used. To prevent the shutdown of critical loads due to external fault contingency, the under voltage and under/over frequency relays with proper settings are applied for the tripping of external and internal tie lines. To restore the power system stability for the islanding operation of the industrial cogeneration system after tie line tripping, the load shedding is designed to disconnect a proper amount of non-critical loads according to the governor response and protective constraints of cogeneration units. After performing the transient stability analysis of the industrial power system with the proposed protective relay setting and load shedding scheme, it is found that the voltage sag and oscillation problem caused by external Taipower system fault contingency can be mitigated by the tie line tripping in time to prevent the shutdown of critical loads and tripping of cogeneration units.
PDF
