What’s Important: Learning a Language Like a Child Chapman, Michael W
Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume,
2020-April-1, 2020-Apr-01, 2020-04-1, 20200401, Letnik:
102, Številka:
7
Journal Article
A rapid spread of HIV type 1 was identified in a community in Indiana and was found to be related to injection use of oxymorphone.
The epidemic of prescription opioid analgesic use and abuse in the ...United States over the past two decades
1
has led to a marked increase in the incidence of death from opioid analgesic poisoning, with a quadrupling of the incidence from 1999 through 2011.
2
In 2009, for the first time, deaths from drug overdose (37,004 deaths, of which 60% were related to the use of opioids) outnumbered deaths from motor vehicle accidents in the United States.
3
,
4
This epidemic of prescription opioid analgesic abuse has led to increases in the numbers of persons who inject drugs, as persons transition from oral . . .
Military risk factors for Alzheimer's disease Weiner, Michael W; Friedl, Karl E; Pacifico, Anthony ...
Alzheimer's & dementia,
July 2013, Letnik:
9, Številka:
4
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are signature injuries of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and have been linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer's ...disease (AD) and other dementias. A meeting hosted by the Alzheimer's Association and the Veterans' Health Research Institute (NCIRE) in May 2012 brought together experts from the U.S. military and academic medical centers around the world to discuss current evidence and hypotheses regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms linking TBI, PTSD, and AD. Studies underway in civilian and military populations were highlighted, along with new research initiatives such as a study to extend the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) to a population of veterans exposed to TBI and PTSD. Greater collaboration and data sharing among diverse research groups is needed to advance an understanding and appropriate interventions in this continuum of military injuries and neurodegenerative disease in the aging veteran.
What’s Important: Staying Connected in Retirement Chapman, Michael W
Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume,
2019-April-17, 2019-Apr-17, 2019-4-17, 20190417, Letnik:
101, Številka:
8
Journal Article
What’s Important: Appreciating Serendipity Chapman, Michael W
Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume,
2019-June-19, 2019-Jun-19, 2019-6-19, 20190619, Letnik:
101, Številka:
12
Journal Article
In January 2015, an outbreak of undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among persons who inject drugs (PWID) was recognized in rural Indiana. By September 2016, 205 persons in this ...community of approximately 4400 had received a diagnosis of HIV infection. We report results of new approaches to analyzing epidemiologic and laboratory data to understand transmission during this outbreak. HIV genetic distances were calculated using the polymerase region. Networks were generated using data about reported high-risk contacts, viral genetic similarity, and their most parsimonious combinations. Sample collection dates and recency assay results were used to infer dates of infection. Epidemiologic and laboratory data each generated large and dense networks. Integration of these data revealed subgroups with epidemiologic and genetic commonalities, one of which appeared to contain the earliest infections. Predicted infection dates suggest that transmission began in 2011, underwent explosive growth in mid-2014, and slowed after the declaration of a public health emergency. Results from this phylodynamic analysis suggest that the majority of infections had likely already occurred when the investigation began and that early transmission may have been associated with sexual activity and injection drug use. Early and sustained efforts are needed to detect infections and prevent or interrupt rapid transmission within networks of uninfected PWID.
Due Process as Separation of Powers CHAPMAN, NATHAN S.; MCCONNELL, MICHAEL W.
The Yale law journal,
05/2012, Letnik:
121, Številka:
7
Journal Article
From its conceptual origin in Magna Charta, due process of law has required that government can deprive persons of rights only pursuant to a coordinated effort of separate institutions that make, ...execute, and adjudicate claims under the law. Originalist debates about whether the Fifth or Fourteenth Amendments were understood to entail modern "substantive due process" have obscured the way that many American lawyers and courts understood due process to limit the legislature from the Revolutionary era through the Civil War. They understood due process to prohibit legislatures from directly depriving persons of rights, especially vested property rights, because it was a court's role to do so pursuant to established and general law. This principle was applied against insufficiently general and prospective legislative acts under a variety of state and federal constitutional provisions through the antebellum era. Contrary to the claims of some scholars, however, there was virtually no precedent before the Fourteenth Amendment for invalidating laws that restricted liberty or the use of property. Contemporary resorts to originalism to support modern substantive due process doctrines are therefore misplaced. Understanding due process as a particular instantiation of separation of powers does, however, shed new light on a number of key twentieth-century cases which have not been fully analyzed under the requirements of due process of law.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, PRFLJ, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
When large-scale accidents cause catastrophic damage to natural or cultural resources, government and industry are faced with the challenge of assessing the extent of damages and the magnitude of ...restoration that is warranted. Although market transactions for privately owned assets provide information about how valuable they are to the people involved, the public services of natural assets are not exchanged on markets; thus, efforts to learn about people's values involve either untestable assumptions about how other things people do relate to these services or empirical estimates based on responses to stated-preference surveys. Valuation based on such surveys has been criticized because the respondents are not engaged in real transactions. Our research in the aftermath of the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill addresses these criticisms using the first, nationally representative, stated-preference survey that tests whether responses are consistent with rational economic choices that are expected with real transactions. Our results confirm that the survey findings are consistent with economic decisions and would support investing at least $17.2 billion to prevent such injuries in the future to the Gulf of Mexico's natural resources.
Introduction
Unrecognised or untreated clinical deterioration can lead to serious adverse events, including cardiopulmonary arrest and unexpected death. Paediatric alert criteria aim to identify ...children with early signs of physiological instability that precede clinical deterioration so that experienced clinicians can intervene with the aim of reducing serious adverse events and improving outcome.
Purpose
To identify the number and nature of published paediatric alert criteria and evaluate their validity, reliability, clinical effectiveness and clinical utility.
Method
Systematic review of studies identified from electronic and citation searching and expert informants.
Results
Eleven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and described ten paediatric alert criteria. Six studies described the introduction and use of the paediatric alert criteria in practice, four examined the development and testing of the paediatric alert criteria, and one described both. There was marked variability across all aspects of the paediatric alert criteria, including the method of development, and the number and type of component parameters. Five studies explored the predictive validity of the paediatric alert criteria, but only three reported appropriate methodology. Only one study evaluated reliability, and none evaluated clinical utility of paediatric alert criteria.
Conclusions
Evidence supporting the validity, reliability and utility of paediatric alert criteria is weak. Studies are needed to determine which physiological parameters or combinations of parameters, best predict serious adverse events. Prospective evaluation of validity, reliability and utility is then needed before widespread adoption into clinical practice can be recommended.
Abstract Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF; NuVasive Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) is a minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach to the thoracolumbar spine. Though the procedure is rapidly ...increasing in popularity, limited data is available regarding its use in deformity surgery. We aimed to evaluate radiographic correction using XLIF in adults with degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Thirty consecutive patients were followed for an average of 14.3 months. Interbody fusion was completed using the XLIF technique with supplemental posterior instrumentation. Plain radiographs were obtained on all patients preoperatively, postoperatively, and at most recent follow-up. Plain radiographic measurements of coronal Cobb angle, apical vertebral translation, segmental lordosis, global lordosis, disc height, neuroforaminal height and neuroforaminal width were made at each time point. CT scans were obtained for all patients 1 year after surgery to evaluate for fusion. There was significant improvement in multiple radiographic parameters from preoperative to postoperative. Cobb angle corrected 72.3%, apical vertebral translation corrected 59.7%, neuroforaminal height increased 80.3%, neuroforaminal width increased 7.4%, and disc height increased 116.7%. Segmental lordosis at L4–L5 increased 14.1% and global lordosis increased 11.5%. There was no significant loss of correction from postoperative to most recent follow-up. There was an 11.8% pseudoarthrosis rate at levels treated with XLIF. Complications included lateral incisional hernia (n = 1), rupture of anterior longitudinal ligament (n = 2), wound breakdown (n = 2), cardiac instability (n = 1), pedicle fracture (n = 1), and nonunion requiring revision (n = 1). XLIF significantly improves coronal plane deformity in patients with adult degenerative scoliosis. XLIF has the ability to correct sagittal plane deformity, although it is most effective at lower lumbar levels.
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