To date, there has been a lack of evidence-based guidance on the frequency of visual field examinations required to identify clinically meaningful rates of change in glaucoma. The objective of this ...perspective is to provide practical recommendations for this purpose. The primary emphasis is on the period of time and number of examinations required to measure various rates of change in mean deviation (MD) with adequate statistical power. Empirical data were used to obtain variability estimates of MD while statistical modelling techniques derived the required time periods to detect change with various degrees of visual field variability. We provide the frequency of examinations per year required to detect different amounts of change in 2, 3 and 5 years. For instance, three examinations per year are required to identify an overall change in MD of 4 dB over 2 years in a patient with average visual field variability. Recommendations on other issues such as examination type, strategy and quality are also made.
In this work, a NIR emitting dye,
-toluenesulfonate (IR-813) was explored as a model precursor to develop red emissive carbon dots (813-CD) with solvatochromic behavior with a red-shift observed with ...increasing solvent polarity. The 813-CDs produced had emission peaks at 610 and 698 nm, respectively, in water with blue shifts of emission as solvent polarity decreased. Subsequently, 813-CD was synthesized with increasing nitrogen content with polyethyleneimine (PEI) to elucidate the change in band gap energy. With increased nitrogen content, the CDs produced emissions as far as 776 nm. Additionally, a CD nanocomposite polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) film was synthesized to assess the phenomenon of solid-state fluorescence. Furthermore, the CDs were found to have electrochemical properties to be used as an additive doping agent for PVP film coatings.
Abstract
In our recent work, we identified the hybrid textures that simultaneously account for dark matter (DM) and neutrinoless double beta decay (0
νββ
). We also obtained bounds on dark matter ...mass and effective Majorana mass. However, on the same lines, in this work, we explored common parameter spaces amongst the baryon asymmetry of the universe
Y
, dark matter mass
M
1
, and effective Majorana mass |
M
ee
|. We use experimental bounds on the relic density of dark matter (Ω
h
2
) and baryon asymmetry of the universe to identify the suitable hybrid textures. We found that out of the five hybrid textures only three simultaneously satisfy the physics observations of the DM, 0
νββ
, and leptogenesis. It is interesting to note that these three hybrid textures give a lower bound to the effective Majorana mass |
M
ee
|, which can be probed in current and future experiments like SuperNEMO, KamLAND-Zen, NEXT, and nEXO (5 years) that have sensitivity reaches of 0.05 eV, 0.045 eV, 0.03 eV, and 0.015 eV, respectively.
In this study, an enhanced photoresponse was observed in the Mn-Co Nanoferrites (MCFs)-Polyaniline (PANI) nanohybrid architecture due to the formation of interface between PANI and MCFs, which ...provided a conduction pathway for the movement of charge carriers, and these interfaces were observed in a high-resolution transmission electron micrograph (HR-TEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggests that the carbon (C 1s) of the MCF-PANI nanohybrid shows peaks at 287.80 eV for C&z.dbd;O, 286.17 eV for C-O, 285.24 eV for C-N, 284.50 eV for the sp
3
hybridized carbon (C-C/C-H) and 283.84 eV for the sp
2
hybridized carbon (C&z.dbd;C). Current-voltage (
I
-
V
) curves reveal an ohmic nature of the MCF-PANI nanohybrid photodetector device. The photoresponse measurements were analyzed using the trap depth concept, demonstrating that the conductive polymer increases the photoconduction mechanism efficiency of MCFs. The constructed photodetector device exhibits a high photoresponsivity of 22.69 A W
−1
, a remarkable detectivity of 1.36 × 10
12
cm Hz
1/2
W
−1
and a fast rise/decay time of 0.7/0.8 s. The excellent performance of the as-fabricated photodetector device could be explained by the intimate interaction between MCFs and PANI at their interface.
In this study, an enhanced photoresponse was observed in the Mn-Co Nanoferrites (MCFs)-Polyaniline (PANI) nanohybrid architecture. The excellent performance of the photodetector device could be explained by the intimate interaction between MCFs and PANI at their interface.
Nickel-zinc iron oxide (NZF) was introduced into a polyaniline (PANI) matrix by an
in situ
chemical oxidation polymerization approach. The surface composition and chemical states were investigated by ...X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which revealed an Fe 2p spectrum with the two peak positions of Fe 2p
3/2
and Fe 2p
1/2
at 711.00 and 724.48 eV, respectively. Deconvolution of the Fe 2p
3/2
peak revealed two components with binding energies of 713.98 and 718.16 eV, corresponding to the presence of Fe cations in the octahedral and tetrahedral sites. Additionally, the Rietveld refinement of NZF showed a cubic system with the
Fd
3
m
space group. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis showed that the NZF material strongly interacts with polyaniline, while the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern perfectly matched with the XRD data. Lognormal distribution was used to determine the particle size, which was found to be in the range of 1-100 nm. A flexible photodetector device utilizing the NZF-PANI nanohybrid was fabricated on an environmentally friendly, biodegradable cellulose paper substrate and the device exhibited excellent performance,
i.e.
, a responsivity of 0.069 A W
−1
and detectivity of 7.258 × 10
10
Jones at a very low voltage of 0.1 V. The non-stretched device showed a responsivity of 24.980 A W
−1
at 5 V, whereas at 2 cm
−1
bending curvature, the device showed a responsivity of 20.175 A W
−1
, which was much higher than the responsivity of a commercial photodetector (<0.5 A W
−1
).
Nickel-zinc iron oxide (NZF) was introduced into a polyaniline (PANI) matrix by an
in-situ
chemical oxidation polymerization approach. This nanohybrid was used to fabricate a photodetector device on a biodegradable and flexible paper substrate.
Abstract
The latest results of anomalous muon magnetic moment at Fermilab show a discrepancy of 4.2
σ
between the Standard Model (SM) prediction and experimental value. In this work, we revisit
U
(
1
...)
L
μ
−
L
τ
symmetry with in the paradigm of scotogenic model which explains muon (
g
− 2) and neutrino mass generation, simultaneously. The mass of new gauge boson
M
Z
μ
τ
generated after the spontaneous symmetry breaking of
U
(
1
)
L
μ
−
L
τ
is constrained, solely, in light of the current neutrino oscillation data to explain muon (
g
− 2). In particular, we have obtained two regions I and II, around 150 MeV and 500 MeV, respectively, in
M
Z
μ
τ
−
g
μ
τ
plane which explain the neutrino phenomenology. Region I is found to be consistent with muon neutrino trident (MNT) bound (
g
μ
τ
≤ 10
−3
) to explain muon (
g
− 2), however, region II violates it for mass range
M
Z
μ
τ
>
300
MeV
. We, then, extend the minimal gauged scotogenic model by a vector like lepton (VLL) triplet
ψ
T
. The mixing of
ψ
T
with inert scalar doublet
η
leads to chirally enhanced positive contribution to muon anomalous magnetic moment independent of
Z
μ
τ
mass. Furthermore, we have, also, investigated the implication of the model for 0
ν
β
β
decay and
CP
violation. The non-observation of 0
ν
β
β
decay down to the sensitivity of 0.01 eV shall refute the model. The model, in general, is found to be consistent with both
CP
conserving and
CP
violating solutions.
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss is the hallmark of optic neuropathies, including glaucoma, where damage to RGC axons occurs at the level of the optic nerve head. In experimental glaucoma, damage is ...assessed at the axon level (in the retinal nerve fibre layer and optic nerve head) or at the soma level (in the retina). In clinical glaucoma where measurements are generally limited to non-invasive techniques, structural measurements of the retinal nerve fibre layer and optic nerve head, or functional measurements with perimetry provide surrogate estimates of RGC integrity. These surrogate measurements, while clinically useful, are several levels removed from estimating actual RGC loss. Advances in imaging, labelling techniques, and transgenic medicine are making enormous strides in experimental glaucoma, providing knowledge on the pathophysiology of glaucoma, its progression and testing new therapeutic avenues. Advances are also being made in functional imaging of RGCs. Future efforts will now be directed towards translating these advances to clinical care.
In the scenario with four generation quarks and leptons and using a 3+1 neutrino model having one sterile and the three standard active neutrinos with a 4×4 unitary transformation matrix, UPMNS4, we ...perform a model-based analysis using the latest global data and determine bounds on the sterile neutrino parameters i.e., the neutrino mixing angles. Motivated by our previous results, where, in a quark-lepton complementarity (QLC) model we predicted the values of θ13PMNS=9−2+2° and θ23PMNS=40.60−0.3+0.1°. In the QLC model the nontrivial correlation between CKM4 and PMNS4 mixing matrix is given by the correlation matrix Vc4. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to estimate the texture of Vc4 followed by the calculation of PMNS4 using the equation, UPMNS4=UCKM4·ψ4−1·Vc4, where ψ4 is a diagonal phase matrix. The sterile neutrino mixing angles, θ14PMNS, θ24PMNS and θ34PMNS are assumed to be freely varying between 0−π/4 and obtained results which are consistent with the data available from various experiments, like NovA, MINOS, SuperK, Ice Cube-DeepCore. In further investigation, we analytically obtain approximately similar ranges for various neutrino mixing parameters Uμ42 and Uτ42.
Trabeculectomy is frequently performed in patients with glaucoma who are deteriorating, although its effects on rates of visual field (VF) progression are not fully understood. We studied the rate of ...VF progression post trabeculectomy comparing with medically treated patients matched for VF loss.
Medical records of patients who underwent trabeculectomy alone or combined with cataract extraction were reviewed. Patients with 5 or more 24-2 VF examinations post trabeculectomy were selected. The rate of mean deviation (MD) change after surgery was calculated for each patient. These patients were pairwise matched based on baseline MD with patients with glaucoma who were treated medically and had at least 5 VF tests.
180 surgical patients were identified and matched with 180 medically treated patients (baseline MD of -8.72 (5.24) dB and -8.71 (5.22) dB, respectively). Surgically and medically treated patients were followed for 7.4 (2.9) and 6.8 (3.1) years respectively. The MD slopes were -0.22 (0.55) dB/year and -0.08 (1.10) dB/year in the surgically and medically treated patients, respectively, and not statistically different (p=0.13, 95% CI -0.31 to 0.04). More patients in the surgical group had fast progression (rates worse than -1 dB/year) than in the medical group (17 and 7 patients, respectively, p=0.05).
Our findings suggest that most patients who undergo trabeculectomy demonstrate relatively slow rates of VF progression postoperatively, similar to patients treated medically, although some patients can continue to progress despite adequate surgical control of intraocular pressure.
There are compelling evidences for the existence of a fourth degree of freedom of neutrinos, i.e., sterile neutrino. In the recent studies the role of sterile component of neutrinos has been found to ...be crucial, not only in particle physics, but also in astrophysics and cosmology. This has been proposed to be one of the potential candidates of dark matter. In this work we investigate the updated solar neutrino data available from all the relevant experiments including Borexino and KamLAND solar phase in a model independent way and obtain bounds on the sterile neutrino component present in the solar neutrino flux. The mystery of the missing neutrinos is further deepening as subsequent experiments are coming up with their results. The energy spectrum of solar neutrinos, as predicted by Standard Solar Models (SSM), is seen by neutrino experiments at different parts as they are sensitive to various neutrino energy ranges. It is interesting to note that more than 98% of the calculated standard model solar neutrino flux lies below 1 MeV. Therefore, the study of low energy neutrinos can give us better understanding and the possibility of knowing about the presence of antineutrino and sterile neutrino components in solar neutrino flux. As such, this work becomes interesting as we include the data from medium energy (~1 MeV) experiments, i.e., Borexino and KamLAND solar phase. In our study we retrieve the bounds existing in literature and rather provide more stringent limits on sterile neutrino ( ν s ) flux available in solar neutrino data.
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