We discuss and derive the continuous Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry transformations for the Jackiw–Pi (JP) model of three (2 + 1)-dimensional (3D) massive non-Abelian 1-form ...gauge theory by exploiting the standard technique of (anti-)chiral superfield approach (ACSA) to BRST formalism where a few appropriate and specific sets of (anti-)BRST invariant quantities (i.e., physical quantities at quantum level) play a very important role. We provide the explicit derivation of the nilpotency and absolute anticommutativity properties of (anti-)BRST conserved charges and existence of Curci–Ferrari (CF)-condition within the realm of ACSA to BRST formalism where we take only a single Grassmannian variable into account. We also provide the clear proof of (anti-)BRST invariances of the coupled (but equivalent) Lagrangian densities within the framework of ACSA to BRST approach where the emergence of the CF-condition is observed.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease constituting ~95% of late-onset non-familial/sporadic AD, and only ~5% accounting for early-onset familial AD. Availability of a ...pertinent model representing sporadic AD is essential for testing candidate therapies. Emerging evidence indicates a causal link between diabetes and AD. People with diabetes are >1.5-fold more likely to develop AD. Senescence-accelerated mouse model (SAMP8) of accelerated aging displays many features occurring early in AD. Given the role played by diabetes in the pre-disposition of AD, and the utility of SAMP8 non-transgenic mouse model of accelerated aging, we examined if high fat diet-induced experimental type 2 diabetes in SAMP8 mice will trigger pathological aging of the brain. Results showed that compared to non-diabetic SAMP8 mice, diabetic SAMP8 mice exhibited increased cerebral amyloid-β, dysregulated tau-phosphorylating glycogen synthase kinase 3β, reduced synaptophysin immunoreactivity, and displayed memory deficits, indicating Alzheimer-like changes. High fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic SAMP8 mice may represent the metabolic model of AD.
Plants are constantly threatened by a virus infection, i.e., Potyviruses, the second largest genus of plant viruses which results in several million-dollar losses in various essential crops globally. ...Yam bean (
Pachyrhizus erosus
) is considered to be one of the essential tuberous legume crops holding a great potential source of starch. Yam Bean Mosaic Virus (YBMV) of Potyvirus group belonging to the family potyviridae affects Yam bean and several angiosperms both in the tropical and sub-tropical regions causing large economical losses in crops. In this study, we attempted to understand the sequence-structure relationship and mode of RNA binding mechanism in YBMV CP using in silico integrative modeling and all-atoms molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The assembly of coat protein (CP) subunits from YBMV and the plausible mode of RNA binding were compared with the experimental structure of CP from Watermelon mosaic virus potyvirus (5ODV). The transmembrane helix region is present in the YBMV CP sequence ranging from 76 to 91 amino acids. Like the close structural-homolog, 24 CPs monomeric sub-units formed YBMV a conserved fold. Our computational study showed that ARG
124
, ARG
155
,
and TYR
151
orient towards the inner side of the virion, while, THR
122
, GLN
125
, SER
92
, ASP
94
reside towards the outer side of the virion. Despite sharing very low sequence similarity with CPs from other plant viruses, the strongly conserved residues Ser, Arg, and Asp within the RNA binding pocket of YBMV CP indicate the presence of a highly conserved RNA binding site in CPs from different families. Using several bioinformatics tools and comprehensive analysis from MD simulation, our study has provided novel insights into the RNA binding mechanism in YBMV CP. Thus, we anticipate that our findings from this study will be useful for the development of new therapeutic agents against the pathogen, paving the way for researchers to better control this destructive plant virus.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To date, there has been a lack of evidence-based guidance on the frequency of visual field examinations required to identify clinically meaningful rates of change in glaucoma. The objective of this ...perspective is to provide practical recommendations for this purpose. The primary emphasis is on the period of time and number of examinations required to measure various rates of change in mean deviation (MD) with adequate statistical power. Empirical data were used to obtain variability estimates of MD while statistical modelling techniques derived the required time periods to detect change with various degrees of visual field variability. We provide the frequency of examinations per year required to detect different amounts of change in 2, 3 and 5 years. For instance, three examinations per year are required to identify an overall change in MD of 4 dB over 2 years in a patient with average visual field variability. Recommendations on other issues such as examination type, strategy and quality are also made.
Abstract
In our recent work, we identified the hybrid textures that simultaneously account for dark matter (DM) and neutrinoless double beta decay (0
νββ
). We also obtained bounds on dark matter ...mass and effective Majorana mass. However, on the same lines, in this work, we explored common parameter spaces amongst the baryon asymmetry of the universe
Y
, dark matter mass
M
1
, and effective Majorana mass |
M
ee
|. We use experimental bounds on the relic density of dark matter (Ω
h
2
) and baryon asymmetry of the universe to identify the suitable hybrid textures. We found that out of the five hybrid textures only three simultaneously satisfy the physics observations of the DM, 0
νββ
, and leptogenesis. It is interesting to note that these three hybrid textures give a lower bound to the effective Majorana mass |
M
ee
|, which can be probed in current and future experiments like SuperNEMO, KamLAND-Zen, NEXT, and nEXO (5 years) that have sensitivity reaches of 0.05 eV, 0.045 eV, 0.03 eV, and 0.015 eV, respectively.
ABSTRACT
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been associated with several diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis. ApoE also has documented immunomodulatory functions. We ...investigated gene expression in circulating monocytes and in bone marrows of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) living in an endemic area in Bihar, India, and contrasted these with control healthy subjects or other diagnostic bone marrows from individuals in the same region. Samples from VL patients were obtained prior to initiating treatment. Our study revealed significant upregulated expression of the apoE transcript in patients with VL. Furthermore, the levels of ApoE protein were elevated in serum samples of subjects with VL compared with healthy endemic controls. These observations may provide clues regarding the complex interactions between lipid metabolism and immunoregulation of infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Summary
Establishing phenotypes of the normal optic nerve head via normative databases is vitally important for clinicians. Attributing likelihoods for glaucoma based on single OCT examinations helps ...clinicians triage and assign resources for further or more intensive testing. It is recognized that significant race‐specific differences in optic nerve head parameters exist, however, it their utility has not improved diagnostics. One reason could be that these databases have thus far used only conventional parameters that do not exploit measurements now possible to characterize neuroretinal rim parameters that are anatomically and geometrically accurate, or the deep optic nerve head. This presentation will review the literature on race‐specific databases, postulate reasons for their inability to yield better diagnostics and present new alternative race‐specific OCT data that may enhance clinical glaucoma practice.
We demonstrate the existence of the first-class constraints on the massless Abelian 3-form theory which generate the classical gauge symmetry transformations for this theory in any arbitrary ...D-dimension of spacetime. We write down the explicit expression for the generator in terms of these first-class constraints. Using the celebrated Noether theorem, corresponding to the gauge symmetry transformations, we derive the Noether conserved current and conserved charge. The latter is connected with the first-class constraints of the theory in a subtle manner as we demonstrate clearly in our present investigation. We comment on the first-class constraints within the framework of Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) formalism where the conserved (anti-)BRST charges are the generalizations of the above generator for the classical gauge symmetry transformation. The standard Noether conserved (anti-)BRST charges are found to be non-nilpotent. We derive the nilpotent versions of the (anti-)BRST charges. One of the interesting observations of our present endeavor is the result that only the nilpotent versions of the conserved (anti-)BRST charges lead to the annihilation of the physical states by the operator form of the first-class constraints at the quantum level which is consistent with the Dirac quantization condition for the systems that are endowed with any kind of constraints. We comment on the existence of the Curci-Ferrari (CF) type restrictions from different theoretical angles, too.
•Classical local gauge symmetry of the D-dimensional massless Abelian 3-form theory is elevated to its quantum counterparts (anti-)BRST symmetries.•Noether (anti-)BRST charges are found to be non-nilpotent.•Nilpotent versions of the (anti-)BRST charges are derived.•Physicality criteria with the nilpotent (anti-)BRST charges lead to the annihilation of the physical states by the operator form of the first-class constraints.
► Limited information is available on optimizing nutrient and water management in DSR to produce high yield. ► Grain yield with irrigation threshold increasing from 10 to 20kPa did not decrease with ...the application of P and K fertilizers at 120kgNha−1. ► Applying P and K fertilizers along with N at 20kPa compared with 10kPa resulted in higher WUE and NUE. ► In DSR, the addition of P and K along with N could compensate for the yield loss under water-stress conditions.
Because of increasing constraints of labor and water availability, dry-seeded rice (DSR) is now considered to be a new and emerging rice production system in the northwest Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. However, limited information is available on optimizing nutrient and water management in DSR to produce high yields. The effects of four amounts of N (0, 60, 120, and 180kgha−1) applied with or without P and K fertilizers under two irrigation regimes (10 and 20kPa; irrigated when soil water potential at 15-cm soil depth reached 10 and 20kPa, respectively) were studied on rice yield, and N- and water-use efficiencies. Grain yield with irrigation threshold increasing from 10 to 20kPa did not decrease with the application of P and K fertilizers at 120kgNha−1, leading to substantial savings in irrigation water. At the soil moisture potential of 20kPa, application of P and K fertilizers along with 120kgNha−1 resulted in a 14% increase in rice vis-à-vis when P and K fertilizers were not applied. However, this effect was not observed at the soil moisture potential of 10kPa. Applying P and K fertilizers along with N at 20kPa compared with 10kPa resulted in higher water- and N-use efficiencies. Water-use efficiency was significantly correlated with yield-contributing parameters when P and K were supplied along with N; whereas, without P and K application, water-use efficiency was not correlated with any yield-contributing parameters. It was concluded that, in DSR, the addition of P and K along with N could compensate for the yield loss under water-stress conditions. Our study suggests that there is a need to study the effects of applying different amounts of P and K along with N under a range of water regimes on dry matter partitioning and soil characteristics to understand the mechanism of yield loss in DSR.
We derive the off-shell nilpotent of order two and absolutely anticommuting Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST), anti-BRST, and (anti-)co-BRST symmetry transformations for the Christ–Lee (CL) model in ...one 0+1-dimension (1D) of spacetime by exploiting the (anti-)chiral supervariable approach (ACSA) to BRST formalism where the quantum symmetry (i.e., (anti-)BRST along with (anti-)co-BRST) invariant quantities play a crucial role. We prove the nilpotency and absolute anticommutativity properties of the (anti-)BRST along with (anti-)co-BRST conserved charges within the scope of ACSA to BRST formalism where we take only one Grassmannian variable into account. We also show the (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST invariances of the Lagrangian within the scope of ACSA.
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