Rice (
) responds to various abiotic stresses during growth. Plant-specific NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2 (NAC) transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in controlling numerous vital growth and ...developmental processes. To date, 170 NAC TFs have been reported in rice, but their roles remain largely unknown. Herein, we discovered that the TF OsNAC006 is constitutively expressed in rice, and regulated by H
O
, cold, heat, abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), NaCl, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 treatments. Furthermore, knockout of
using the CRISPR-Cas9 system resulted in drought and heat sensitivity. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) transcriptome analysis revealed that
regulates the expression of genes mainly involved in response to stimuli, oxidoreductase activity, cofactor binding, and membrane-related pathways. Our findings elucidate the important role of
in drought responses, and provide valuable information for genetic manipulation to enhance stress tolerance in future plant breeding programs.
GNSS information is vulnerable to external interference and causes failure when unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are in a fully autonomous flight in complex environments such as high-rise parks and ...dense forests. This paper presents a pan-tilt-based visual servoing (PBVS) method for obtaining world coordinate information. The system is equipped with an inertial measurement unit (IMU), an air pressure sensor, a magnetometer, and a pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera. In this paper, we explain the physical model and the application method of the PBVS system, which can be briefly summarized as follows. We track the operation target with a UAV carrying a camera and output the information about the UAV's position and the angle between the PTZ and the anchor point. In this way, we can obtain the current absolute position information of the UAV with its absolute altitude collected by the height sensing unit and absolute geographic coordinate information and altitude information of the tracked target. We set up an actual UAV experimental environment. To meet the calculation requirements, some sensor data will be sent to the cloud through the network. Through the field tests, it can be concluded that the systematic deviation of the overall solution is less than the error of GNSS sensor equipment, and it can provide navigation coordinate information for the UAV in complex environments. Compared with traditional visual navigation systems, our scheme has the advantage of obtaining absolute, continuous, accurate, and efficient navigation information at a short distance (within 15 m from the target). This system can be used in scenarios that require autonomous cruise, such as self-powered inspections of UAVs, patrols in parks, etc.
is a prized traditional Chinese medicinal plant species. Its red storage roots are primarily used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In this study, a transcription ...factor gene
was cloned and introduced into
for ectopic expression. Overexpression of
enhanced salt stress resistance in
, leading to a more resilient phenotype in transgenic plants exposed to high-salinity conditions. Physiological experiments have revealed that overexpression of
can decrease the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during salt stress, boost the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and mitigate oxidative damage to cell membranes. In addition, overexpression of
promotes the synthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids by upregulating the expression of biosynthetic pathway genes, resulting in increased levels of these secondary metabolites. In summary, our findings demonstrate that
not only enhances plant tolerance to salt stress, but also increases the accumulation of secondary metabolites in
. Our study lays a solid foundation for uncovering the molecular mechanisms governed by
and holds significant implications for the molecular breeding of high-quality
varieties.
Transcription factors play crucial roles in regulating plant abiotic stress responses and physiological metabolic processes, which can be used for plant molecular breeding. In this study, an R2R3-MYB ...transcription factor gene, AtMYB12, was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana and introduced into Salvia miltiorrhiza under the regulation of the CaMV35S promoter. The ectopic expression of AtMYB12 resulted in improved salt tolerance in S. miltiorrhiza; transgenic plants showed a more resistant phenotype under high-salinity conditions. Physiological experiments showed that transgenic plants exhibited higher chlorophyll contents, and decreased electrolyte leakage and O2− and H2O2 accumulation when subjected to salt stress. Moreover, the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes was enhanced in S. miltiorrhiza via the overexpression of AtMYB12, and transgenic plants showed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activities compared with those of the wild type (WT) under salt stress, coupled with lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In addition, the amount of salvianolic acid B was significantly elevated in all AtMYB12 transgenic hair roots and transgenic plants, and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that most genes in the phenolic acid biosynthetic pathway were up-regulated. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that AtMYB12 can significantly improve the resistance of plants to salt stress and promote the biosynthesis of phenolic acids by regulating genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway.
Excessive cellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to environmental stresses can critically disrupt plant development and negatively affect productivity. Plant glutathione ...peroxidases (GPXs) play an important role in ROS scavenging by catalyzing the reduction of H
O
and other organic hydroperoxides to protect plant cells from oxidative stress damage.
, a member of the GPX gene family, was isolated from a traditional medicinal plant
and constitutively expressed in
under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Transgenic plants showed increased tolerance to oxidative stress caused by application of H
O
and drought, and had reduced production of malondialdehyde (MDA) compared with the wild type. Under drought stress, seedlings of the transgenic lines wilted later than the wild type and recovered growth 1 day after re-watering. In addition, the reduced glutathione (GSH) and total glutathione (T-GSH) contents were higher in the transgenic lines, with increased enzyme activities including glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and GPX. These changes prevent H
O
and O
accumulation in cells of the transgenic lines compared with wild type. Overexpression of
alters the relative expression levels of multiple endogenous genes in
, including transcription factor genes and genes in the ROS and ABA pathways. In particular,
expression increases the mass of
roots while reducing the concentration of the active ingredients. These results show that heterologous expression of
in
can affect the regulation of multiple biochemical pathways to confer tolerance to drought stress, and
might act as a competitor with secondary metabolites in the
response to environmental stimuli.
Due to the hazy weather and the long-distance imaging path, the captured remote sensing image (RSI) may suffer from detail loss and noise pollution. However, simply applying dehazing operation on a ...noisy hazy image may result in noise amplification. Therefore, in this article, we propose joint blind denoising and dehazing for RSI recovery and enhancement to address this problem. First, we propose an efficient and effective noise level estimation method based on quad-tree subdivision and integrate it into fast and flexible denoising convolutional neural network for blind denoising. Second, a multiscale guided filter decomposes the denoised hazy image into base and detailed layers, separating the initial details. Then, the dehazing procedure using the corrected boundary constraint is implemented in the base layer, while a nonlinear sigmoid mapping function enhances the detailed layers. The last step is to fuse the enhanced detailed layers and the dehazed base layer to get the final result. Using both synthetic remote sensing hazy image (RSHI) datasets and real-world RSHI, we perform comprehensive experiments to evaluate the proposed method. Results show that our method is superior to well-known methods in both dehazing and joint denoising and dehazing tasks.
The AP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs) comprise one of the largest gene superfamilies in plants. These TFs perform vital roles in plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic ...stresses. In this study, 171 AP2/ERF TFs were identified in cauliflower (
L. var.
), one of the most important horticultural crops in
. Among these TFs, 15, 9, and 1 TFs were classified into the AP2, RAV, and Soloist family, respectively. The other 146 TFs belong to ERF family, which were further divided into the ERF and DREB subfamilies. The ERF subfamily contained 91 TFs, while the DREB subfamily contained 55 TFs. Phylogenetic analysis results indicated that the AP2/ERF TFs can be classified into 13 groups, in which 25 conserved motifs were confirmed. Some motifs were group- or subgroup- specific, implying that they are significant to the functions of the AP2/ERF TFs of these clades. In addition, 35 AP2/ERF TFs from the 13 groups were selected randomly and then used for expression pattern analysis under salt and drought stresses. The majority of these AP2/ERF TFs exhibited positive responses to these stress conditions. In specific,
, and
demonstrated rapid responses. By contrast, six AP2/ERF TFs were showed to delay responses to both stresses. The AP2/ERF TFs exhibiting specific expression patterns under salt or drought stresses were also confirmed. Further functional analysis indicated that ectopic overexpression of
could increase tolerance to both salt and drought treatments. These findings provide new insights into the AP2/ERF TFs present in cauliflower, and offer candidate AP2/ERF TFs for further studies on their roles in salt and drought stress tolerance.
Plant thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) play pleiotropic roles in defending against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functions of TLPs in broccoli, which is one of the major vegetables among ...the
varieties, remain largely unknown. In the present study,
was identified in broccoli, and displayed remarkably inducible expression patterns by abiotic stress. The ectopic overexpression of
conferred increased tolerance to high salt and drought conditions in
. Similarly,
-overexpressing broccoli transgenic lines significantly improved tolerance to salt and drought stresses. These results demonstrated that
positively regulates drought and salt tolerance. Transcriptome data displayed that
may function by regulating phytohormone (ABA, ethylene and auxin)-mediated signaling pathways, hydrolase and oxidoreductase activity, sulfur compound synthesis, and the differential expression of histone variants. Further studies confirmed that RESPONSE TO DESICCATION 2 (RD2), RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 22 (RD22), VASCULAR PLANT ONE-ZINC FINGER 2 (VOZ2), SM-LIKE 1B (LSM1B) and MALATE DEHYDROGENASE (MDH) physically interacted with bolTLP1, which implied that bolTLP1 could directly interact with these proteins to confer abiotic stress tolerance in broccoli. These findings provide new insights into the function and regulation of bolTLP1, and suggest potential applications for bolTLP1 in breeding broccoli and other crops with increased tolerance to salt and drought stresses.
Abstract
In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) autonomous flight technology has been applied in many fields. However, in the process of autonomous operation, the UAV may deviate from the set ...flight path due to various disturbance factors, which results in mission failure. In order to find the abnormal situation in time and take corresponding measures, it is necessary to monitor the operation state of the UAV. Predicting the UAV flight path is the main monitoring method at present; however, the accuracy and real-time of the existing prediction methods are limited. Therefore, this paper proposes an error compensation Bessel bidirectional long short-term memory real-time path prediction model deployed in ground stations. First, because of inconsistency of the units in all directions of the original positioning information provided by global positioning system, the Bessel geodetic coordinate transformation is introduced to unify the units of three-dimensional coordinate data, so as to improve the prediction accuracy. Second, considering the problems of poor data quality and data missing in the operation process, the least square fitting method is used to supplement and correct the positioning coordinate data to obtain more reliable and accurate path observation values as the model input. Finally, a deep learning path prediction model based on bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network is constructed, and the appropriate network parameters are determined with the prediction accuracy and time as evaluation indicators. In order to further improve the prediction accuracy, a compensator based on proportional integral differential error control theory is designed according to the output characteristics of the BiLSTM network, which is used for providing compensation values for the prediction results of the model. The training and testing results using the actual flight data of UAV operation show that, under the experimental environment built, the model proposed in this paper can complete the UAV flight path prediction with root mean square error < 1 meter within 0.1 second, and has better performance and higher prediction accuracy than other neural network models.
(
) is an important Chinese herb that is derived from the perennial plant of Lamiaceae, which has been used to treat neurasthenic insomnia and cardiovascular disease. We produced a mutant
(MT), from ...breeding experiments, that possessed a large taproot, reduced lateral roots, and defective flowering. We performed transcriptome profiling of wild type (WT) and MT
using second-generation Illumina sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that could account for these phenotypical differences. Of the DEGs identified, we investigated the role of
, the expression of which was down-regulated in MT plants.
was introduced into
and
under the control of a CaMV35S promoter to verify its influence on abiotic stress and
secondary metabolism biosynthesis.
was found to promote flower and root development in
.
was also found to be positively regulated by Gibberellin (GA) and significantly enhanced plant resistance to salt, drought, and paclobutrazol (PBZ) stress.
also led to the up-regulation of the genes involved in salvianolic acid biosynthesis, but inhibited the expression of the genes involved in tanshinone biosynthesis. Taken together, our results reveal
as a promising candidate gene to promote
development.
PDF
