The recently developed vision transformer (ViT) has achieved promising results on image classification compared to convolutional neural networks. Inspired by this, in this paper, we study how to ...learn multi-scale feature representations in transformer models for image classification. To this end, we propose a dual-branch transformer to com-bine image patches (i.e., tokens in a transformer) of different sizes to produce stronger image features. Our approach processes small-patch and large-patch tokens with two separate branches of different computational complexity and these tokens are then fused purely by attention multiple times to complement each other. Furthermore, to reduce computation, we develop a simple yet effective token fusion module based on cross attention, which uses a single token for each branch as a query to exchange information with other branches. Our proposed cross-attention only requires linear time for both computational and memory complexity instead of quadratic time otherwise. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach performs better than or on par with several concurrent works on vision transformer, in addition to efficient CNN models. For example, on the ImageNet1K dataset, with some architectural changes, our approach outperforms the recent DeiT by a large margin of 2% with a small to moderate increase in FLOPs and model parameters. Our source codes and models are available at https://github.com/IBM/CrossViT.
Objective
The neuromodulatory effects of focused ultrasound (FUS) have been demonstrated in animal epilepsy models; however, the safety and efficacy of FUS in humans with epilepsy have not been well ...established. Patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) undergoing stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) provide an opportunity to investigate the neuromodulatory effects of FUS in humans.
Methods
Patients with DRE undergoing SEEG for localization of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) were prospectively enrolled. FUS was delivered to the SOZ using a neuronavigation‐guided FUS system (ceiling spatial‐peak temporal‐average intensity level = 2.8 W/cm2, duty cycle = 30%, modulating duration = 10 min). Simultaneous SEEG recordings were obtained during sonication and for 3 days after treatment. Seizures, interictal epileptiform discharges, and adverse events after FUS were monitored.
Results
Six patients met the eligibility criteria and completed FUS treatment. A decrease in seizure frequency was observed in two patients within the 3‐day follow‐up; however, one patient presented an increase in the frequency of subclinical seizures. Posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging revealed neither lesion nor brain edema. Significant changes in spectral power of SEEG were noted at the targeted electrodes during FUS treatment. One patient reported subjective scalp heating during FUS, and one patient developed transient naming and memory impairment that resolved within 3 weeks after FUS.
Significance
FUS can be safely delivered to the SOZ of patients with DRE, resulting in significant changes in spectral power of SEEG. A larger sample cohort and pursuing optimal sonication parameters will be required to elucidate the neuromodulatory effects of FUS when used for seizure control.
Displays based on inorganic light-emitting diodes (LED) are considered as the most promising one among the display technologies for the next-generation. The chip for LED display bears similar ...features to those currently in use for general lighting, but it size is shrunk to below 200 microns. Thus, the advantages of high efficiency and long life span of conventional LED chips are inherited by miniaturized ones. As the size gets smaller, the resolution enhances, but at the expense of elevating the complexity of fabrication. In this review, we introduce two sorts of inorganic LED displays, namely relatively large and small varieties. The mini-LEDs with chip sizes ranging from 100 to 200 μm have already been commercialized for backlight sources in consumer electronics applications. The realized local diming can greatly improve the contrast ratio at relatively low energy consumptions. The micro-LEDs with chip size less than 100 μm, still remain in the laboratory. The full-color solution, one of the key technologies along with its three main components, red, green, and blue chips, as well color conversion, and optical lens synthesis, are introduced in detail. Moreover, this review provides an account for contemporary technologies as well as a clear view of inorganic and miniaturized LED displays for the display community.
A titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene is employed as an efficient solid support to host a nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) coordinated ruthenium single atom (RuSA) catalyst, which displays superior activity ...toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy reveal the atomic dispersion of Ru on the Ti3C2Tx MXene support and the successful coordination of RuSA with the N and S species on the Ti3C2Tx MXene. The resultant RuSA‐N‐S‐Ti3C2Tx catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 76 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, it is shown that integrating the RuSA‐N‐S‐Ti3C2Tx catalyst on n+np+‐Si photocathode enables photoelectrochemical hydrogen production with exceptionally high photocurrent density of 37.6 mA cm−2 that is higher than the reported precious Pt and other noble metals catalysts coupled to Si photocathodes. Density functional theory calculations suggest that RuSA coordinated with N and S sites on the Ti3C2Tx MXene support is the origin of this enhanced HER activity. This work would extend the possibility of using the MXene family as a solid support for the rational design of various single atom catalysts.
Ti3C2Tx MXene is demonstrated as a 2D solid support to host a ruthenium single atom (RuSA) catalyst for water splitting. The resultant RuSA‐N‐S‐Ti3C2Tx catalyst coupled with n+np+‐Si photocathode enables photoelectrochemical H2 production with exceptionally high photocurrent density of 37.6 mA cm−2 under AM 1.5G illumination.
Controlling ferroic orders (ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism and ferroelasticity) by optical methods is a significant challenge due to the large mismatch in energy scales between the order parameter ...coupling strengths and the incident photons. Here, we demonstrate an approach to manipulate multiple ferroic orders in an epitaxial mixed-phase BiFeO3 thin film at ambient temperature via laser illumination. Phase-field simulations indicate that a light-driven flexoelectric effect allows the targeted formation of ordered domains. We also achieved precise sequential laser writing and erasure of different domain patterns, which demonstrates a deterministic optical control of multiferroicity at room temperature. As ferroic orders directly influence susceptibility and conductivity in complex materials, our results not only shed light on the optical control of multiple functionalities, but also suggest possible developments for optoelectronics and related applications.The remote, non-volatile and reversible optical control of ferroic orders is challenging. Here, using laser illumination, multiple orders in epitaxial mixed-phase BiFeO3 are manipulated deterministically using a thermally driven flexoelectric effect.
Low infection and case-fatality rates have been thus far observed in Taiwan. One of the reasons for this major success is better use of big data analytics in efficient contact tracing and management ...and surveillance of those who require quarantine and isolation.
We present here a unique application of big data analytics among Taiwanese people who had contact with more than 3000 passengers that disembarked at Keelung harbor in Taiwan for a 1-day tour on January 31, 2020, 5 days before the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the Diamond Princess cruise ship on February 5, 2020, after an index case was identified on January 20, 2020.
The smart contact tracing-based mobile sensor data, cross-validated by other big sensor surveillance data, were analyzed by the mobile geopositioning method and rapid analysis to identify 627,386 potential contact-persons. Information on self-monitoring and self-quarantine was provided via SMS, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests were offered for symptomatic contacts. National Health Insurance claims big data were linked, to follow-up on the outcome related to COVID-19 among those who were hospitalized due to pneumonia and advised to undergo screening for SARS-CoV-2.
As of February 29, a total of 67 contacts who were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were all negative and no confirmed COVID-19 cases were found. Less cases of respiratory syndrome and pneumonia were found after the follow-up of the contact population compared with the general population until March 10, 2020.
Big data analytics with smart contact tracing, automated alert messaging for self-restriction, and follow-up of the outcome related to COVID-19 using health insurance data could curtail the resources required for conventional epidemiological contact tracing.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In the presence of both space and time reversal symmetries, ans-waveA1gsuperconducting state is usually topologically trivial. Here, we demonstrate that an exception can take place in a type of ...nonsymmorphic lattice structure. We specify the demonstration in a time reversal invariant system with a centrosymmetric space groupP4/nmm, the symmetry that governs iron-based superconductors, by showing the existence of a second-order topological state protected by a mirror symmetry. The topological superconductivity is featured by2Zdegenerate Dirac cones on the (10) edge andZpairs of Majorana modes at the intersection between the (11) and(11¯)edges. The topological invariance and Fermi surface criterion for the topological state are provided. Moreover, we point out that the previously proposeds-wave state in iron-based superconductors, which features a sign-changed superconducting order parameter between two electron pockets, is such a topological state. Thus, these results not only open a new route to pursue topological superconductivity, but also establish a measurable quantity to settle one long-lasting debate on the pairing nature of iron-based superconductors.
Electronic skin sensing devices are an emerging technology and have substantial demand in vast practical fields including wearable sensing, robotics, and user‐interactive interfaces. In order to ...imitate or even outperform the capabilities of natural skin, the keen exploration of materials, device structures, and new functions is desired. However, the very high resistance and the inadequate current switching and sensitivity of reported electronic skins hinder to further develop and explore the promising uses of the emerging sensing devices. Here, a novel resistive cloth‐based skin‐like sensor device is reported that possesses unprecedented features including ultrahigh current‐switching behavior of ≈107 and giant high sensitivity of 1.04 × 104–6.57 × 106 kPa−1 in a low‐pressure region of <3 kPa. Notably, both superior features can be achieved by a very low working voltage of 0.1 V. Taking these remarkable traits, the device not only exhibits excellent sensing abilities to various mechanical forces, meeting various applications required for skin‐like sensors, but also demonstrates a unique competence to facile integration with other functional devices for various purposes with ultrasensitive capabilities. Therefore, the new methodologies presented here enable to greatly enlarge and advance the development of versatile electronic skin applications.
A newly designed cloth‐based resistive electronic skin features ultrahigh current switching of ≈107 and extremely high sensitivity of 1.04 × 104–6.57 × 106 kPa–1 at pressures <3 kPa. And, notably, both features are achieved by a very low working voltage of 0.1 V. Taking these traits, our devices not only function as ultrasensitive sensors but can also be integrated with various functional components for multipurpose uses.
Background
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that poses a threat to adults. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in DR progression. However, the role and mechanism ...of miR‐192‐5p in DR remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of miR‐192‐5p on cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in DR.
Methods
Expression of miR‐192‐5p, ELAV‐like RNA binding protein 1 (ELAVL1) and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase delta (PI3Kδ) in human retinal fibrovascular membrane (FVM) samples and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) was assessed using RT‐qPCR. ELAVL1 and PI3Kδ protein levels were evaluated by Western blot. RIP and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm the miR‐192‐5p/ELAVL1/PI3Kδ regulatory networks. Cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis were assessed by CCK8, transwell and tube formation assays.
Results
MiR‐192‐5p was decreased in FVM samples from DR patients and high glucose (HG)‐treated HRMECs. Functionally, overexpressed miR‐192‐5p inhibited cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in HG‐treated HRMECs. Mechanically, miR‐192‐5p directly targeted ELAVL1 and decreased its expression. We further verified that ELAVL1 bound to PI3Kδ and maintained PI3Kδ mRNA stability. Rescue analysis demonstrated that the suppressive effects of HG‐treated HRMECs caused by miR‐192‐5p up‐regulation were overturned by overexpressed ELAVL1 or PI3Kδ.
Conclusion
MiR‐192‐5p attenuates DR progression by targeting ELAVL1 and reducing PI3Kδ expression, suggesting a biomarker for the treatment of DR.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOF) are studied extensively in applications like catalysts, gas storage, and sensors due to their various functional groups and structures. Two-dimensional (2D) MOFs such ...as triphenylene-based materials show excellent charge transport properties, but thin-film fabrication and organic ligand synthesis are difficult. In this work, we synthesize thiol-based organic ligand, benzenehexathiol (BHT), by a simple one-pot reaction. This facile method is safer and faster than conventional synthesis procedure that requires using liquid ammonia as solvent. Two novel 2D MOF materials, Ag3BHT2 and Au3BHT2, are fabricated by coordinating BHT with either silver (Ag) or gold (Au) ions through liquid–liquid interfacial reaction. The Ag3BHT2 thin film reaches a high electrical conductivity of 363 S cm–1, which has potential applications in electronic devices and sensors.
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