Stroke-associated infection (SAI) is a major medical complication in acute ischemic stroke patients (AIS) treated with endovascular therapy (EVT). Three hundred thirty-three consecutive patients with ...AIS caused by a large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation who received EVT (142 (42.6%) of them were given IV tPA as bridging therapy) and 337 AIS patients who received IV tPA only (non-EVT) were enrolled in the study and evaluated to determine the association of inflammatory factors on admission with SAI. Among the 333 AIS patients undergoing EVT, SAI occurred in 219 (65.8%) patients. Patients with SAI had higher baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) total scores, white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) than those without SAI (
P
< 0.05). The multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that older age in addition to higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP), NIHSS score, fasting blood glucose, WBC and neutrophil counts, NLR, and PLR were significantly associated with SAI (
P
< 0.05). However, these associations were not revealed in 337 non-EVT AIS patients. Furthermore, based on the inflammatory markers, we developed a nomogram that provided the opportunity for more accurate predictions (compared with conventional factors) and appeared a better prognostic tool for SAI according to the decision curve analysis. In summary, if proven externally valid, our nomogram that included WBC count, NLR, and PLR may be a useful tool for SAI prediction in clinical practice.
The TGA transcription factors, a subfamily of bZIP group D, play crucial roles in various biological processes, including the regulation of growth and development as well as responses to pathogens ...and abiotic stress. In this study, 27
genes were identified in the soybean genome. The expression patterns of
genes showed that several
genes are differentially expressed under drought and salt stress conditions. Among them,
was strongly induced by both stress, which were verificated by the promoter-GUS fusion assay.
encodes a nuclear-localized protein with transcriptional activation activity. Heterologous and homologous overexpression of
enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress in both transgeinc
plants and soybean hairy roots. However, RNAi hairy roots silenced for
exhibited an increased sensitivity to drought and salt stress. In response to drought or salt stress, transgenic
plants had an increased chlorophyll and proline contents, a higher ABA content, a decreased MDA content, a reduced water loss rate, and an altered expression of ABA- responsive marker genes compared with WT plants. In addition, transgenic
plants were more sensitive to ABA in stomatal closure. Similarly, measurement of physiological parameters showed an increase in chlorophyll and proline contents, with a decrease in MDA content in soybean seedlings with overexpression hairy roots after drought and salt stress treatments. The opposite results for each measurement were observed in RNAi lines. This study provides new insights for functional analysis of soybean TGA transcription factors in abiotic stress.
Abstract
Background
Novel endoscopic techniques used in the treatment of gastric lesions with local submucosal fibrosis need preclinical evaluation and training due to safety limitations. Therefore, ...the purpose of our study was to establish an animal model of gastric local fibrotic target lesions and assess its feasibility in the evaluation and training of endoscopic techniques.
Methods
In six experimental beagles, a 50% glucose solution was injected into three submucosal areas of the fundus, body, and antrum of the stomach to create gastric local fibrotic target lesions (experimental group). On post-injection day (PID) 7, the injection sites were assessed endoscopically to confirm the presence of submucosal fibrosis formation, and the dental floss clip traction assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (DFC-ESD) procedure was performed on the gastric local fibrotic target lesions to confirm its feasibility after endoscopic observation. The normal gastric mucosa of six control beagles underwent the same procedure (control group). All the resected specimens were evaluated by histological examination.
Results
All 12 beagles survived without postoperative adverse events. On PID 7, 16 ulcer changes were observed at the injection sites (16/18) under the endoscope, and endoscopic ultrasonography confirmed the local submucosal fibrosis formation in all ulcer lesions. The subsequent DFC-ESD was successfully performed on the 32 gastric target lesions, and the mean submucosal dissection time in the ulcer lesions was greater than that in the normal gastric mucosa (15.3 ± 5.6 vs. 6.8 ± 0.8 min;
P
< 0.001). There was no difference in rates of en bloc resection, severe hemorrhage, or perforation between the two groups. Histological analysis of the ulcer lesions showed the absence of epithelial or muscularis mucosae and extensive submucosal fibrous tissue proliferations compared with normal gastric mucosa. Overall, endoscopists had high satisfaction with the realism and feasibility of the animal model.
Conclusion
We developed a novel animal model of gastric local fibrotic target lesions to simulate difficult clinical situations, which strongly appeared to be suitable for the preclinical evaluation and learning of advanced endoscopic techniques.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Functional heterogeneity has been investigated for decades in the hippocampal region of the mammalian cerebral cortex, and evidence for vaguely defined "dorsal" and "ventral" regions is emerging. ...Direct evidence that hippocampal field CA1 displays clear regional, laminar, and pyramidal neuron differentiation is presented here, based on a systematic high-resolution analysis of a publicly accessible, genome-wide expression digital library (Allen Brain Atlas) Lein et al. (2007) Genome-wide atlas of gene expression in the adult mouse brain. Nature 445:168-176. First, genetic markers reveal distinct spatial expression domains and subdomains along the longitudinal (dorsal/septal/posterior to ventral/temporal/anterior) axis of field CA1. Second, genetic markers divide field CA1 pyramidal neurons into multiple subtypes with characteristic laminar distributions. And third, subcortical brain regions receiving axonal projections from molecularly distinct spatial domains of field CA1 display distinct global gene expression patterns, suggesting that field CA1 spatial domains may be genetically wired independently to form distinct functional networks related to cognition and emotion. Insights emerging from this genomic-anatomic approach provide a starting point for a detailed analysis of differential hippocampal structure-function organization.
Previous studies have shown that changes in the microbial community of the female urogenital tract are associated with Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, research on this association was ...mostly focused on a single site, and there are currently few joint studies on HPV infection and multiple sites in the female urogenital tract.
We selected 102 healthy women from Yunnan Province as the research object, collected cervical exfoliation fluid, vaginal, urethral, and rectal swabs for microbial community analysis, and measured bacterial load, and related cytokine content. The link between HPV, microbiota, and inflammation was comprehensively evaluated using bioinformatics methods.
The impact of HPV infection on the microbial composition of different parts varies. We have identified several signature bacterial genera that respond to HPV infection in several detection sites, such as Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus, Campylobacter, and Cutibacterium have been detected in multiple sites, reflecting their potential significance in cross body sites HPV infection responses. There was a solid microbial interaction network between the cervix, vagina, and urethra. The interrelationships between inflammatory factors and different bacterial genera might also affect the immune system's response to HPV infection.
It might be an effective strategy to prevent and treat HPV infection by simultaneously understanding the correlation between the microbial changes in multiple parts of the female urogenital tract and rectum and HPV infection, and controlling the microbial network related to HPV infection in different parts.
Cryoglobulinemia often causes systemic vasculitis, thereby damaging to skin and internal organs including kidneys, even life-threatening. This review aimed to introduce the advances in understanding, ...detection, and treatment of this disease in recent years, with a particular concern to clinical practice.
All the data in this review were from the English or Chinese literature in the PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases as of March 2019.
This review selected important original articles, meaningful reviews, and some reports on cryoglobulinemia published in recent years and in history, as well as the guidelines for treatment of underlying diseases which lead to cryoglobulinemia.
Diagnosis of cryoglobulinemia relies on serum cryoglobulin test, in which to ensure that the blood sample temperature is not less than 37°C in the entire pre-analysis phase is the key to avoid false negative results. Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (Cryo Vas), including cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis (Cryo GN), usually occurs in types II and III mixed cryoglobulinemia, and can also be seen in type I cryoglobulinemia caused by monoclonal IgG3 or IgG1. Skin purpura, positive serum rheumatoid factor, and decreased serum levels of C4 and C3 are important clues for prompting types II and III Cryo Vas. Renal biopsy is an important means for diagnosis of Cryo GN, while membranous proliferative GN is the most common pathological type of Cryo GN. In recent years, great advances have been made in the treatment of Cryo Vas and its underlying diseases, and this review has briefly introduced these advances.
Laboratory examinations of serum cryoglobulins urgently need standardization. The recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of Cryo Vas and GN need to be popularized among the clinicians in related disciplines.
Cu2O/CuO sub-microspheres were synthesized via a one-step reduction approach using copper (II) acetate as precursor in triethylene glycol solution at reaction temperature ranging from 100 to 180°C. ...It is found that the reaction temperature plays a very important role in the size, the Cu2O content, and morphology of the products. The sub-microspheres obtained at the reaction temperature below 140°C are assembled by smaller particles with a diameter of about 10nm. As the reaction temperature is increased to above 160°C, uneven samples with larger size will be synthesized. The sensing performances of the sub-microspheres are related to the Cu2O content, porous characteristics and their surface areas. The sensor response of the sub-microspheres obtained at 120°C is up to 2.1–50ppb H2S gas at 95°C, and the recovery time is only about 76s. Thus, the sub-microspheres are promising for H2S sensors.
Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vascular hyperintensity (FVH) is frequently observed in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). FVH is associated with functional outcome at 3 months in AIS ...patients receiving endovascular thrombectomy. In the present study, we assessed whether FVH predicted early neurological deterioration (END) and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) within 72 h in AIS patients receiving endovascular thrombectomy. We retrospectively analyzed 104 patients with acute internal-carotid-artery or proximal middle-cerebral-artery occlusion within 16 h after symptom onset. Before thrombectomy, all patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. END was defined as an increase of 4 points or more from baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) during 72 h following onset. HT was assessed by brain computed tomography. Statistical analyses were performed to predict END and HT. The proportion of high FVH score, high American Society of Intervention and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR) grade in non-END group was higher than that in END group (
p
< 0.001,
p
< 0.001, respectively). FVH score was positively correlated with ASITN/SIR grade (
r
= 0.461,
p
< 0.001). FVH score was a predictor factor for END (adjusted OR, 13.552; 95% CI, 2.408–76.260;
p
= 0.003), while FVH score was not a predictor factor for HT. Furthermore, NIHSS at admission (adjusted OR, 1.112; 95% CI, 1.006–1.228;
p
= 0.038) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (adjusted OR, 18.865; 95% CI, 2.998–118.683;
p
= 0.002) were predictor factors for HT. To assess FVH score before thrombectomy might be useful for predicting END in AIS patients receiving endovascular thrombectomy.
The Nannochloropsis genus contains oleaginous microalgae that have served as model systems for developing renewable biodiesel. Recent genomic and transcriptomic studies on Nannochloropsis species ...have provided insights into the regulation of lipid production in response to nitrogen stress. Previous studies have focused on the responses of Nannochloropsis species to short-term nitrogen stress, but the effect of long-term nitrogen deprivation remains largely unknown. In this study, physiological and proteomic approaches were combined to understand the mechanisms by which Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1 is able to endure long-term nitrate deprivation and its ability to recover homeostasis when nitrogen is amended. Changes of the proteome during chronic nitrogen starvation espoused the physiological changes observed, and there was a general trend toward recycling nitrogen and storage of lipids. This was evidenced by a global down-regulation of protein expression, a retained expression of proteins involved in glycolysis and the synthesis of fatty acids, as well as an up-regulation of enzymes used in nitrogen scavenging and protein turnover. Also, lipid accumulation and autophagy of plastids may play a key role in maintaining cell vitality. Following the addition of nitrogen, there were proteomic changes and metabolic changes observed within 24 h, which resulted in a return of the culture to steady state within 4 d. These results demonstrate the ability of N. oceanica IMET1 to recover from long periods of nitrate deprivation without apparent detriment to the culture and provide proteomic markers for genetic modification.
Ultrasound (US)-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has received extensive attention in pathogen elimination for non-invasiveness and high spatial and temporal accuracy. Considering that hydrogel can ...provide a healing-friendly environment for wounds, in this work, hybrid hydrogels are constructed by embedding Ag doped TiO2 nanoparticles in chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels for enhanced sonodynamic antibacterial therapy. With metal silver doped, TiO2 nanoparticles sonosensitivity is improved to generate more reactive oxygen species (ROS), which endows hybrid hydrogels with high-efficient antibacterial properties. In vivo results show that hybrid hydrogel dressing can prevent infection and promote wound closure within 2 days. The healing ratio excess 95 % with no pus produced at the end of treatment. The therapeutic mechanism was identified that heterojunction formed in Ag doped TiO2 facilitates the separation of charge carriers under US irradiation, leading to elevating ROS generation. The generated ROS promote hybrid hydrogels sonodynamic antibacterial therapeutic efficacy to thoroughly eliminate pathogen via disrupting bacterial cell membrane integrity, decreasing membrane fluidity and increasing membrane permeability. Besides, biofilm formation could be effectively inhibited. This work developed a hybrid hydrogel with amplified SDT effect for wound healing, which is expected to provide inspiration of hybrid hydrogels design and Ti-based nanomaterials sonosensitivity enhancement.
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