WRKYs are important regulators in plant development and stress responses. However, knowledge of this superfamily in soybean is limited. In this study, we characterized the drought- and salt-induced ...gene
based on RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR.
, which is 714 bp in length, encoded 237 amino acids and grouped into WRKY II. The promoter region of
included ABER4, MYB, MYC, GT-1, W-box and DPBF
-elements, which possibly participate in abscisic acid (ABA), drought and salt stress responses.
was minimally expressed in different tissues under normal conditions but highly expressed under drought and salt treatments. As a nucleus protein,
was responsive to drought, salt, ABA and salicylic acid (SA) stresses. Using a transgenic hairy root assay, we further characterized the roles of
in abiotic stress tolerance. Compared with control (Williams 82), overexpression of
enhanced drought and salt tolerance, increased proline (Pro) content and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content under drought and salt treatment in transgenic soybean seedlings. These results may provide a basis to understand the functions of
in abiotic stress responses in soybean.
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is involved in many developmental processes and responses to various abiotic stresses in plants. Most of the studies on melatonin focus on its functions and ...physiological responses in plants, while its regulation mechanism remains unknown. Caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) functions at a key step of the biosynthesis process of melatonin. In this study, a COMT-like gene,
(Traes_1AL_D9035D5E0.1) was identified in common wheat (
L.). Transient transformation in wheat protoplasts determined that TaCOMT is localized in cytoplasm.
in wheat was induced by drought stress, gibberellin (GA)3 and 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA), but not by ABA. In
transgenic
, melatonin contents were higher than that in wild type (WT) plants. Under D-Mannitol treatment, the fresh weight of the transgenic
was significantly higher than WT, and transgenic lines had a stronger root system compared to WT. Drought tolerance assays in pots showed that the survival rate of
-overexpression lines was significantly higher than that of WT lines. this phenotype was similar to that the WT lines treated with melatonin under drought condition. In addition, the
transgenic lines had higher proline content and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to WT lines after drought treatment. These results indicated that overexpression of the wheat
gene enhances drought tolerance and increases the content of melatonin in transgenic
. It could be one of the potential genes for agricultural applications.
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is mainly caused by multiple factors. Recent studies have suggested that iron accumulation (IA) was closely related to PMOP. However, the detailed molecular ...mechanisms have not been well demonstrated. We constructed the IA mouse model by intraperitoneal injections of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) and cell model by culturing with the medium containing FAC. Osteoporosis was confirmed in mouse bone tissues using H&E staining, and the level of serum ferritin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), procollagen‐1 N‐terminal peptide (P1NP), and osteocalcin in mice was examined by ELISA. The expressions of XIST and miR‐758‐3p were detected by qRT‐PCR. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by CCK‐8, TUNEL, and flow cytometry. The expression levels of apoptotic‐related proteins were evaluated by western blot. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to examine the molecular interaction. The expressions of ALP, P1NP, and osteocalcin, and the H&E staining of bone tissues in mice were analyzed to confirm the biological function of XIST and miR‐758‐3p in vivo. XIST was up‐regulated while miR‐758‐3p was down‐regulated in IA mouse and cell models. XIST knockdown significantly reduced FAC‐induced osteoblast apoptosis, which was mimicked by transfection with miR‐758‐3p mimics. XIST acted as a sponge of miR‐758‐3p, which targeted caspase 3. IA led to the high expression of XIST and promoted osteoblast apoptosis through miR‐758‐3p/caspase 3. Transfection with shXIST or miR‐758‐3p mimics alleviated IA‐induced mouse osteoporosis. IA regulated osteoblast apoptosis through XIST/miR‐758‐3p/caspase 3 axis, which might provide alternative targets for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Objective： Alzheimer＇s disease and vascular dementia are responsible for more than 80% of dementia cases. These two conditions share common risk factors including hypertension. Cerebral small vessel ...disease （CSVD） is strongly associated with both hypertension and cognitive impairment. In this review, we identify the pathophysiological changes in CSVD that are caused by hypertension and further explore the relationship between CSVD and cognitive impairment. Data Sources： We searched and scanned the PubMed database for recently published literatures up to December 2017. We used the keywords of＂hypertension＂, ＂cerebral small vessel disease＂, ＂＇white matter lesions＂, ＂enlarged perivascular spaces＂, ＂lacunar infarcts＂, ＂cerebral microbleeds＂, and ＂cognitive impairment＂ in the database of PubMed. Study Selection： Articles were obtained and reviewed to analyze the hypertension-induced pathophysiological changes that occur in CSVD and the correlation between CSVD and cognitive impairment. Results： In recent years, studies have demonstrated that hypertension-related changes （e.g., small vascular lesions, inflarnmator3, reactions, hypoperfusion, oxidative stress, damage to autoregulatory processes and the blood-brain barrier, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy） can occur over time in cerebral small vessels, potentially leading to lower cognitive function when blood pressure （BP） control is poor or lacking. Both isolated and co-occurrent CSVD can lead to cognitive deterioration, and this effect may be attributable to a dysfunction in either the cholinergic system or the functionality of cortical and subcortical tracts. Conclusions： We explore the currently available evidence about the hypertensive vasculopathy and inflammatory changes that occur in CSVD. Both are vital prognostic indicators of the development of cognitive impairment. Future studies should be performed to validate the relationship between BP levels and CSVD progression and between the nunabers, volumes, and anatomical locations of CSVD and cognitive impairment.
Transition shock is highly prevalent among newly graduated registered nurses in their early career. Preceptors are widely used to support them in acquiring clinical nursing competencies and to ...promote their successful transition to practice. However, the mechanism by which transition shock and preceptor support are linked to nursing competency among newly graduated registered nurses remains unknown.
The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between transition shock, preceptor support, and nursing competency in a sample of newly graduated registered nurses.
A descriptive, cross-sectional design.
Six tertiary hospitals in the southeast of mainland China.
Newly graduated registered nurses undertaking their professional role in the first year.
Convenience sampling was used to recruit 215 newly graduated registered nurses 184 female, 31 male from six hospitals. Data on transition shock, preceptor support, and nursing competency were collected using questionnaires from November to December 2019.
The nursing competency of critical thinking/research aptitude (mean = 2.68, SD = 0.63) was scored the lowest among participants. Transition shock (r = −0.21, p < .01) and perceptions of preceptor support (r = 0.56, p < .01) were statistically significantly correlated with nursing competency. Preceptor context, whether the assigned preceptor varied day by day, and the emotional challenges of transition shock were the main predictors of nursing competency (F = 36.86, p = .00), accounting for 34% of the variance in nursing competency.
Educational programs aimed at increasing critical thinking and research aptitude in the educational stage and the continuing educational stage can benefit newly graduated registered nurses. A well-organized transition program in hospitals including awareness and recognition of transition shock in newly graduated registered nurses is essential to enhance their competency in providing quality nursing. More support and assistance would be useful in promoting the preceptor's role in improving nursing competency of newly graduated registered nurses.
•Critical thinking/research aptitude presents a challenge for newly graduated nurses.•Emotional aspect of transition shock has negative influence on nursing competency.•Positive preceptor context has a positive influence on nursing competency.
Abstract
The cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) plays a critical role in antiviral immunity and autoimmunity. The activity and stability of cGAS are fine-tuned by post-translational ...modifications. Here, we show that ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (ARIH1) catalyzes the mono-ISGylation and induces the oligomerization of cGAS, thereby promoting antiviral immunity and autoimmunity. Knockdown or knockout of ARIH1 significantly inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)- or cytoplasmic DNA-induced expression of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. Consistently, tamoxifen-treated ER-Cre;
Arih1
fl/fl
mice and
Lyz2
-Cre;
Arih1
fl/fl
mice are hypersensitive to HSV-1 infection compared with the controls. In addition, deletion of ARIH1 in myeloid cells alleviates the autoimmune phenotypes and completely rescues the autoimmune lethality caused by TREX1 deficiency. Mechanistically, HSV-1- or cytosolic DNA-induced oligomerization and activation of cGAS are potentiated by ISGylation at its K187 residue, which is catalyzed by ARIH1. Our findings thus reveal an important role of ARIH1 in innate antiviral and autoimmune responses and provide insight into the post-translational regulation of cGAS.
LIM proteins have been found to play important roles in many life activities, including the regulation of gene expression, construction of the cytoskeleton, signal transduction and metabolic ...regulation. Because of their important roles in many aspects of plant development,
genes have been studied in many plant species. However, the
gene family has not yet been characterized in foxtail millet. In this study, we analyzed the whole genome of foxtail millet and identified 10
genes. All
gene promoters contain MYB and MYC
-acting elements that are related to drought stress. Based on the presence of multiple abiotic stress-related
-elements in the promoter of
, we chose this gene for further study. We analyzed
expression under abiotic stress and hormone treatments using qRT-PCR. We found that
was induced by various abiotic stresses and hormones. Under drought conditions, transgenic rice of
-overexpression had a higher survival rate, higher relative water content and less cell damage than wild type (WT) rice. These results indicate that overexpression of the foxtail millet
gene enhances drought tolerance in transgenic rice, and the
gene can potentially be used for molecular breeding of crops with increased resistance to abiotic stress.
GDSL-type esterase/lipase proteins (GELPs) belong to the SGNH hydrolase superfamily and contain a conserved GDSL motif at their N-terminus. GELPs are widely distributed in nature, from microbes to ...plants, and play crucial roles in growth and development, stress responses and pathogen defense. However, the identification and functional analysis of
GELP
genes are hardly explored in soybean. This study describes the identification of 194
GELP
genes in the soybean genome and their phylogenetic classification into 11 subfamilies (A–K).
GmGELP
genes are disproportionally distributed on 20 soybean chromosomes. Large-scale WGD/segmental duplication events contribute greatly to the expansion of the soybean
GDSL
gene family. The Ka/Ks ratios of more than 70% of duplicated gene pairs ranged from 0.1–0.3, indicating that most
GmGELP
genes were under purifying selection pressure. Gene structure analysis indicate that more than 74% of
GmGELP
genes are interrupted by 4 introns and composed of 5 exons in their coding regions, and closer homologous genes in the phylogenetic tree often have similar exon-intron organization. Further statistics revealed that approximately 56% of subfamily K members contain more than 4 introns, and about 28% of subfamily I members consist of less than 4 introns. For this reason, the two subfamilies were used to simulate intron gain and loss events, respectively. Furthermore, a new model of intron position distribution was established in current study to explore whether the evolution of multi-gene families resulted from the diversity of gene structure. Finally, RNA-seq data were used to investigate the expression profiles of
GmGELP
gene under different tissues and multiple abiotic stress treatments. Subsequently, 7 stress-responsive
GmGELP
genes were selected to verify their expression levels by RT-qPCR, the results were consistent with RNA-seq data. Among 7
GmGELP
genes,
GmGELP28
was selected for further study owing to clear responses to drought, salt and ABA treatments. Transgenic
Arabidopsis thaliana
and soybean plants showed drought and salt tolerant phenotype. Overexpression of
GmGELP28
resulted in the changes of several physiological indicators, which allowed plants to adapt adverse conditions. In all,
GmGELP28
is a potential candidate gene for improving the salinity and drought tolerance of soybean.
The research work in the past years showed that detection of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antigen and its dominant IgG4 autoantibody in glomerular deposits of patients with membranous ...nephropathy (MN) was useful for the differentiation between primary MN (PMN) and secondary MN (SMN), but so far such research data from large Chinese patient series is little. Here, we are going to report a research work in a Chinese cohort.
This study enrolled 179 patients with PMN, 40 patients with membranous lupus nephritis (LN-MN), 26 patients with hepatitis B virus-associated MN (HBV-MN), 2 patients with malignancy-associated MN (M-MN) and one patient with IgG4-related MN (IgG4-MN). PLA2R and IgG subclasses in glomerular deposits of these patients were examined by immunofluorescence and/or immunohistochemical staining, and the potential value of the above examinations for differential diagnosis of PMN and SMN was evaluated.
Glomerular PLA2R deposition was present in 92.2% patients with PMN and 7.7% patients with HBV-MN, but none of the patients with LN-MN. Predominant/codominant IgG4 deposition was found in 93.3% patients with PMN and 11.5% patients with HBV-MN, but none of the patients with LN-MN. The two M-MN patients both had glomerular PLA2R and predominant/codominant IgG4 deposition. The one IgG4-MN patient had deeply staining IgG4 but no PLA2R in glomeruli.
The glomerular PLA2R and predominant/codominant IgG4 deposition is frequently observed in Chinese patients with PMN. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining of renal biopsy tissue for detection of glomerular PLA2R and IgG subclasses deposition can help to distinguish PMN from LN-MN and most of HBV-MN.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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