Masked face recognition using domain adaptation Huang, Yu-Chieh; Rahardjo, David Akas Bedjo; Shiue, Ren-Hau ...
Pattern recognition,
September 2024, 2024-09-00, Letnik:
153
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•We develop an approach to enhance the face recognition performance for masked faces.•The refinement layer makes the feature matchings between masked and unmasked faces more robust, thus improving ...face recognition performance.•The domain adaptation layer can utilize real-world masked face images to enable the system to handle real-world masked faces.
Wearing facial masks has become a must in our daily life due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. However, the performance of a face recognition system is severely degraded due to the fact that the face images in the gallery are unmasked faces while the probe face images captured by the camera are masked faces, making the probe face images different from gallery face images in the activated region and the distribution domain. In this paper, we propose a novel face recognition system to address the issue. The system is integrated with a domain adaptation layer and a feature refinement layer. The feature refinement layer is based on the structure of the self-attention mechanism to align activated regions of unmasked faces with those of masked faces. The domain adaptation layer works by adapting the system from the unmasked face domain to the synthetically masked face domain and the real- world masked face domain. The system is tested on real-world data through face verification and face identification. The face verification accuracy is improved by 6.83% for the RMFD_FV dataset and 4.2% for the MFR2 dataset, and the face identification accuracy is improved by 15.43% for the MFRFI dataset.
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) recruits monocytes and macrophages to inflammation sites, and inflammatory infiltration correlates with the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ...(HNSCC). This study aims to determine whether MCP-1 expression is related to HNSCC malignancy and patient survival. We also investigated the relationship between MCP-1 expression and the phosphorylation state of the pro-survival pathway factors Akt, ERK, and STAT3.
Expression of MCP-1 and related proteins in HNSCC cell lines was investigated using western blotting. HNSCC patients (34) without distant metastasis at diagnosis were recruited for tissue specimen evaluation of MCP-1 expression and clinical outcomes. The relationship between MCP-1 expression and survival was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazard model with stepwise selection.
High-grade HNSCC cell lines were found to have higher levels of active Akt, ERK, and/or STAT3 than did lower grade cell lines under serum-free condition. OCSL, the most malignant cell line, had the highest level of endogenous MCP-1. Administration of exogenous recombinant MCP-1 increased phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, and STAT3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner and increased cellular resistance to serum starvation. Inhibition of Akt, ERK, or STAT3 reduced cell growth and caused cell death. Long-term survival of HNSCC patients was negatively associated with the histological intensity of MCP-1, implicating MCP-1 as a potential prognostic marker for HNSCC.
These results suggest that overexpressed MCP-1 in cancer cells may promote HNSCC progression through upregulating pro-survival signaling pathways. High cellular MCP-1 expression is related to poor overall survival rate in HNSCC patients.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Arecoline, the major alkaloid of areca nut, has been shown to cause strong genotoxicity and is considered a potential carcinogen. However, the detailed mechanism for arecoline‐induced carcinogenesis ...remains obscure. In this study, we noticed that the levels of p21 and p27 increased in two oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with high confluence. Furthermore, when treated with arecoline, elevated levels of p21 and p27 could be downregulated through the reactive oxygen species/mTOR complex 1 (ROS/mTORC1) pathway. Although arecoline decreased the activity of mTORC1, the amounts of autophagosome‐like vacuoles or type II LC3 remained unchanged, suggesting that the downregulation of p21 and p27 was independent of autophagy‐mediated protein destruction. Arecoline also caused DNA damage through ROS, indicating that the reduced levels of p21 and p27 might facilitate G
1/S transition of the cell cycle and subsequently lead to error‐prone DNA replication. In conclusion, these data have provided a possible mechanism for arecoline‐induced carcinogenesis in subcytolytic doses in vivo. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 1221–1229)
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a novel platform for treating wastewater and at the same time generating electricity. Using Pseudomonas putida (BCRC 1059), a wild-type bacterium, we ...demonstrated that the refinery wastewater could be treated and also generate electric current in an air-cathode chamber over four-batch cycles for 63 cumulative days. Our study indicated that the oil refinery wastewater containing 2213 mg/L (ppm) chemical oxygen demand (COD) could be used as a substrate for electricity generation in the reactor of the MFC. A maximum voltage of 355 mV was obtained with the highest power density of 0.005 mW/cm² in the third cycle with a maximum current density of 0.015 mA/cm² in regard to the external resistor of 1000 Ω. A maximum coulombic efficiency of 6 × 10⁻²% was obtained in the fourth cycle. The removal efficiency of the COD reached 30% as a function of time. Electron transfer mechanism was studied using cyclic voltammetry, which indicated the presence of a soluble electron shuttle in the reactor. Our study demonstrated that oil refinery wastewater could be used as a substrate for electricity generation.
Three unsymmetrical diiodobichalcogenophenes
SSeI
2
,
STeI
2
, and
SeTeI
2
and a diiodoterchalcogenophene
SSeTeI
2
were prepared. Grignard metathesis of
SSeI
2
,
STeI
2
,
SeTeI
2
, and
SSeTeI
2
...occurred regioselectively at the lighter chalcogenophene site because of its relatively lower electron density and less steric bulk. Nickel-catalyzed Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation of these Mg species provided a new class of side-chain regioregular and main-chain AB-type alternating poly(bichalcogenophene)s-
PSSe
,
PSTe
, and
PSeTe
-through a chain-growth mechanism. The ring-walking of the Ni catalyst from the lighter to the heavier chalcogenophene facilitated subsequent oxidative addition, thereby suppressing the possibility of chain-transfer or chain-termination. More significantly, the Ni catalyst could walk over the distance of three rings (
ca.
1 nm)-from a thiophene unit
via
a selenophene unit to a tellurophene unit-to form
PSSeTe
, the first ABC-type regioregular and periodic poly(terchalcogenophene) comprising three different types of 3-hexylchalcogenophenes.
Three unsymmetrical diiodobichalcogenophenes
SSeI
2
,
STeI
2
, and
SeTeI
2
and a diiodoterchalcogenophene
SSeTeI
2
were prepared to synthesize a new class of polychalcogenophenes with precisely controlled sequences by catalyst-transfer polycondensation.
Misfolding of prion protein (PrP) into amyloid aggregates is the central feature of prion diseases. PrP has an amyloidogenic C-terminal domain with three α-helices and a flexible tail in the ...N-terminal domain in which multiple octapeptide repeats are present in most mammals. The role of the octapeptides in prion diseases has previously been underestimated because the octapeptides are not located in the amyloidogenic domain. Correlation between the number of octapeptide repeats and age of onset suggests the critical role of octapeptide repeats in prion diseases. In this study, we have investigated four PrP variants without any octapeptides and with 1, 5 and 8 octapeptide repeats. From the comparison of the protein structure and the thermal stability of these proteins, as well as the characterization of amyloids converted from these PrP variants, we found that octapeptide repeats affect both folding and misfolding of PrP creating amyloid fibrils with distinct structures. Deletion of octapeptides forms fewer twisted fibrils and weakens the cytotoxicity. Insertion of octapeptides enhances the formation of typical silk-like fibrils but it does not increase the cytotoxicity. There might be some threshold effect and increasing the number of peptides beyond a certain limit has no further effect on the cell viability, though the reasons are unclear at this stage. Overall, the results of this study elucidate the molecular mechanism of octapeptides at the onset of prion diseases.
We developed a fast (<20 min), label-free fiber optic particle plasmon resonance (FOPPR) immunosensing method to detect nervous necrosis virus (NNV), which often infects high-value economic aquatic ...species, such as grouper. Using spiked NNV particles in a phosphate buffer as samples, the standard calibration curve obtained was linear (R2 = 0.99) and the limit of detection (LOD) achieved was 2.75 × 104 TCID50/mL, which is superior to that obtained using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). By using an enhancement method called fiber optic nanogold-linked immunosorbent assay (FONLISA), the LOD can be further improved to <1 TCID50/mL, which is comparable to that found by the conventional qPCR method. Employing the larvae homogenate samples of NNV-infected grouper, the results obtained by the FOPPR biosensor agree with those obtained by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. We also examined pond water samples from an infected container in an indoor aquaculture facility. The lowest detectable level of NNV coat protein was found to be 0.17 μg/mL, which is one order lower than the LOD reported by ELISA. Therefore, we demonstrated the potential of the FOPPR biosensor as an outbreak surveillance tool, which is able to give warning indication even when the trend of larvae death toll increment is still not clear.
► Shewanella oneidensis MR-1for the treatment of four different wastewaters in a microbial fuel cell. ► Comparative studies with wastewater endogenous microbes and wastewater endogenous microbes with ...MR-1. ► Maximum substrate removal in MFC was likely due to biomass growth. ► Electrochemical activity was pertinent to the MR-1 redox compound.
Current and power density from four wastewaters, agriculture (AWW), domestic (DWW), paper (PWW), and food/dairy (FDWW), were comparatively evaluated in combination with three inocula: wastewater endogenous microbes (MFC1), Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (MFC2), and wastewater endogenous microbes with MR-1 (MFC3) in single chamber microbial fuel cells (MFC). Using AWW (0.011mA/cm2; 0.0013mW/cm2) and DWW (0.017mA/cm2; 0.0036mW/cm2), MFC2 was the best candidate providing the maximum current, whereas AWW-MFC1 and DWW-MFC1 were unable to construct a well-established MFC. FDWW produced a maximum current from MFC3 (0.037mA/cm2; 0.015mW/cm2), and confirmed the unsuitability of MFC2 at an alkaline pH. FDWW-MFC3 also performed best with the highest substrate degradation and coulombic efficiency. Mixed culture in MFC3 resulted in higher current generation under the influence of MR-1 (except in PWW), indicating the endogenous microbes were not solely responsible for the current but the outperformance was significantly attributed to the association of MR-1.
In this work, P(NDI2OD-T2) was blended with various amounts of PEO, aPP, or iPP to furnish numerous thin films. The morphology of pristine P(NDI2OD-T2) and the blends was investigated by X-ray ...photoelectron spectroscopy, grazing-incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy, revealing that the aggregation of P(NDI2OD-T2) is adjustable, and the interconnected P(NDI2OD-T2) domain can be readily achieved. Furthermore, the transformation of P(NDI2OD-T2) from face-on to edge-on crystallites was observed at a specific blend. A rationale by adopting the geometric shape of crystallite is proposed to account for this transformation. P(NDI2OD-T2) and the blends were submitted to organic field-effect transistor fabrication in the bottom-gate/top-contact geometry. The relationship between the electron mobility and the GIXS morphological characteristics is established. According to the fitting equation, the π stacking and polymer backbone of P(NDI2OD-T2) play significant roles in determining the electron mobility.
Two types of pyrenes are incorporated randomly into P(NDI2OD-T2). For the resultant polymers, the growth in the pyrene quantity results in the reduction of π-order. The decrease in π-order does not ...inevitably depreciate the organic field-effect transistor (OFET) mobility. A competitive mechanism between molecular fractionation and naphthalene diimide (NDI)–pyrene interactions is proposed. For moderate pyrene incorporation, molecular fractionation is dominant. Form I crystallites are fragmented, increasing the rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) regions. As for high pyrene content, the NDI–pyrene interactions take the lead, facilitating the establishment of a form II polymorph. The RAF can strengthen the interconnection among polymer crystallites. Overall, this work demonstrates a novel approach to intensifying the intrachain interconnection among polymers by the donor–acceptor (i.e., NDI–pyrene) complementary interactions, offering pathways for efficient charge transporting in OFETs.
PDF
