Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most lethal and prevalent malignancies in the world and was responsible for nearly 881,000 cancer-related deaths in 2018. Surgery and chemotherapy have long been ...the first choices for cancer patients. However, the prognosis of CRC has never been satisfying, especially for patients with metastatic lesions. Targeted therapy is a new optional approach that has successfully prolonged overall survival for CRC patients. Following successes with the anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) agent cetuximab and the anti-angiogenesis agent bevacizumab, new agents blocking different critical pathways as well as immune checkpoints are emerging at an unprecedented rate. Guidelines worldwide are currently updating the recommended targeted drugs on the basis of the increasing number of high-quality clinical trials. This review provides an overview of existing CRC-targeted agents and their underlying mechanisms, as well as a discussion of their limitations and future trends.
The inside walls of a nanopipette tip are decorated by a Pt deposit that is used as an open bipolar electrochemiluminescence (ECL) device to achieve intracellular wireless electroanalysis. The ...synergetic actions of nanopipette and of bipolar ECL lead to the spatial confinement of the voltage drop at the level of the Pt deposit, which generates ECL emission from luminol. The porous structure of Pt deposit permits the electrochemical transport of intracellular molecules into the nanopipette that is coupled with enzymatic reactions. Thus, the intracellular concentrations of hydrogen peroxide or glucose are measured in vivo as well as the intracellular sphingomyelinase activity. In comparison with the classic bipolar ECL, the remarkably low potential applied in our approach is restricted inside the nanopipette and it minimizes the potential bias of the voltage on the cellular activity. Accordingly, this wireless ECL approach provides a new direction for analysis of single living cells.
A nanopipette tip decorated with a Pt deposit is used as an open bipolar electrochemiluminescence device to achieve intracellular wireless electroanalysis. The porous structure of the Pt deposit permits electrochemical transport of intracellular molecules into the nanopipette. Intracellular concentrations of H2O2 or glucose are measured in vivo as well as the intracellular sphingomyelinase activity.
With reduced background and high sensitivity, photoelectrochemistry (PEC) may be applied as an intracellular nanotool and open a new technological direction of single‐cell study. Nevertheless, the ...present palette of single‐cell tools lacks such a PEC‐oriented solution. Here a dual‐functional photocathodic single‐cell nanotool capable of direct electroosmotic intracellular drug delivery and evaluation of oxidative stress is devised by engineering a target‐specific organic molecule/NiO/Ni film at the tip of a nanopipette. Specifically, the organic molecule probe serves simultaneously as the biorecognition element and sensitizer to synergize with p‐type NiO. Upon intracellular delivery at picoliter level, the oxidative stress effect will cause structural change of the organic probe, switching its optical absorption and altering the cathodic response. This work has revealed the potential of PEC single‐cell nanotool and extended the boundary of current single‐cell electroanalysis.
An integrated photocathodic nanotool was fabricated for dual‐functional intracellular drug delivery and evaluation of cellular oxidative stress in single live cell.
Better than expected: With a regular boronic acid as the functional monomer, a general and facile approach for glycoprotein imprinting exhibited several highly favorable features that are beyond ...normal expectation, which make the prepared MIPs feasible for the recognition of trace glycoproteins in complicated real samples.
We report a photodynamic therapy driven by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). The luminescence generated by Ru(bpy)32+ and co‐reactant tripropylamine (TPA) pair acts as both optical readout for ECL ...imaging, and light source for the excitation of photosensitizer to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) system. The ECL‐driven PDT (ECL‐PDT) relies on the effective energy transfer from ECL emission to photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), which sensitizes the surrounding O2 into ROS. The dynamic process of gradual morphological changes, the variation of cell‐matrix adhesions, as well as the increase of cell membrane permeability in the process of ECL‐PDT were monitored under ECL microscopy (ECLM) with good spatiotemporal resolution. Combining real‐time imaging with ECL‐PDT, this new strategy provides not only new insights into dynamic cellular processes, but also promising potential of ECL in clinical applications.
A system for photodynamic therapy driven by electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is reported. The ECL generated by the Ru(bpy)32+/TPA pair acts as both the optical readout for the monitoring of the dynamic cellular processes and the light source for the excitation of a photosensitizer to produce cytotoxic ROS.
Pretargeted imaging has emerged as a promising approach to advance nuclear imaging of malignant tumors. Herein, we combine the enzyme‐mediated fluorogenic reaction and in situ self‐assembly with the ...inverse electron demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reaction to develop an activatable pretargeted strategy for multimodality imaging. The trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) bearing small‐molecule probe, P‐FFGd‐TCO, can be activated by alkaline phosphatase and in situ self‐assembles into nanoaggregates (FMNPs‐TCO) retained on the membranes, permitting to (1) amplify near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence (FL) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals, and (2) enrich TCOs to promote IEDDA ligation. The Gallium‐68 (68Ga) labeled tetrazine can readily conjugate the tumor‐retained FMNPs‐TCO to enhance radioactivity uptake in tumors. Strong NIR FL, MRI, and positron emission tomography (PET) signals are concomitantly achieved, allowing for pretargeted multimodality imaging of ALP activity in HeLa tumor‐bearing mice.
A pretargeted multimodality imaging strategy is based on a combination of the enzyme‐mediated fluorogenic reaction and in situ self‐assembly with the IEDDA reaction. A trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) bearing a small‐molecule probe is first activated by the target enzyme, leading to in situ self‐assembly and enrichment of the TCOs. This allows subsequent labelling of radioisotopes via the IEDDA reaction, providing NIR FL, MRI and PET signals for in vivo imaging.
The evolution of photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis has resulted in substantial progress in its analytical performance and biodetection applications. The aim of this review is to provide a ...panoramic snapshot of the state of the art in this dynamically developing field, with special emphasis on PEC DNA analysis, immunoassay, enzymatic biosensing and cell-related detection. The future prospects in this area are also evaluated and discussed. This work will serve as a useful source to inform the interested audience of the latest developments and applications in the field of PEC bioanalysis.
This review provides a panoramic snapshot of the state of the art in the dynamically developing field of photoelectrochemical bioanalysis.
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence, also known as electrochemiluminescence (ECL), is an electrochemically induced production of light by excited luminophores generated during redox reactions. It can ...be used to sense the charge transfer and related processes at electrodes
via
a simple visual readout; hence, ECL is an outstanding tool in analytical sensing. The traditional ECL approach measures averaged electrochemical quantities of a large ensemble of individual entities, including molecules, microstructures and ions. However, as a real system is usually heterogeneous, the study of single entities holds great potential in elucidating new truths of nature which are averaged out in ensemble assays or hidden in complex systems. We would like to review the development of ECL intensity and imaging based single entity detection and place emphasis on the assays of small entities including single molecules, micro/nanoparticles and cells. The current challenges for and perspectives on ECL detection of single entities are also discussed.
We summarize the history and recent development that has been made in the ECL detection of single entities.
Wu et al explore electrochemically generated versus photoexcited luminescence from semiconductor nanomaterials. They focus on the fundamentals of the electrochemical luminescence and photoexcited ...luminescence, as well as their analytical applications.
Photoelectrochemical DNA Biosensors Zhao, Wei-Wei; Xu, Jing-Juan; Chen, Hong-Yuan
Chemical reviews,
08/2014, Letnik:
114, Številka:
15
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Zhao et al explore photoelectrochemical (PEC) DNA biosensors, focusing on topics such as transducers, probe immobilization, DNA interactions, and PEC transduction of DNA interactions.
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