This paper presents an absorption-line study of the multiphase circumgalactic medium (CGM) based on observations of Ly alpha , C II, C IV, Si II, Si III, and Si IV absorption transitions in the ...vicinities of 195 galaxies at redshift z < 0.176. The galaxy sample is established based on a cross-comparison between public galaxy and quasi-stellar object (QSO) survey data and is characterized by a median redshift of ... z ... = 0.041, a median projected distance of ... d ... = 362 kpc to the sightline of the background QSO, and a median stellar mass of log (M.../M...) = 9.7 plus or minus 1.1. Comparing the absorber features identified in the QSO spectra with known galaxy properties has led to strong constraints for the CGM absorption properties at z ... 0.176. First, abundant hydrogen gas is observed out to d ... 500 kpc, well beyond the dark matter halo radius R... of individual galaxies, with a mean covering fraction of ...60 per cent. In contrast, no heavy elements are detected at d ... 0.7 R... from either low-mass dwarfs or high-mass galaxies. The lack of detected heavy elements in low- and high-ionization states suggests that either there exists a chemical enrichment edge at d ... 0.7 R... or gaseous clumps giving rise to the observed absorption lines cannot survive at these large distances. Considering all galaxies at d > R... leads to a strict upper limit for the covering fraction of heavy elements of ...3...per cent (at a 95 per cent confidence level) over d = (1 - 9) R... At d < R..., differential covering fraction between low- and high-ionization gas is observed, suggesting that the CGM becomes progressively more ionized from d < 0.3 R... to larger distances. Comparing CGM absorption observations at low and high redshifts shows that at a fixed fraction of R... the CGM exhibits stronger mean absorption at z = 2.2 than at z ... 0, and that the distinction is most pronounced in low-ionization species traced by C II and Si II absorption lines. We discuss possible pseudo-evolution of the CGM as a result of misrepresentation of halo radius, and present a brief discussion on the implications of these findings. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
In this research work, the gas sensing properties of halogenated chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) thin films were studied at room temperature. We fabricated an air-stable ClAlPc gas sensor ...based on a vertical organic diode (VOD) with a porous top electrode by the solution process method. The surface morphology of the solution-processed ClAlPc thin film was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The proposed ClAlPc-based VOD sensor can detect ammonia (NH
) gas at the ppb level (100~1000 ppb) at room temperature. Additionally, the ClAlPc sensor was highly selective towards NH
gas compared to other interfering gases (NO
, ACE, NO, H
S, and CO). In addition, the device lifetime was tested by storing the device at ambient conditions. The effect of relative humidity (RH) on the ClAlPc NH
gas sensor was also explored. The aim of this study is to extend these findings on halogenated phthalocyanine-based materials to practical electronic nose applications in the future.
Background
Glofitamab is a bispecific antibody with promise for treating relapsed/refractory B‐cell lymphoma according to a phase 1/2 clinical trial. This study examined its real‐world effectiveness.
...Methods
This was an investigator‐initiated, multicenter retrospective study including 34 patients who had relapsed/refractory B‐cell lymphomas after at least three prior lines of therapy and received glofitamab monotherapy in a compassionate use program in Taiwan between January 2021 and October 2022.
Results
At a median follow‐up of 15.9 months, 56% of patients responded to glofitamab and 23% achieved complete remission. Response to the previous line of therapy significantly correlated with response to glofitamab (p = .020). Most responses were durable; only five out of the 19 responders had documented disease recurrence at the data cutoff date. The estimated progression‐free survival (PFS) was 3.2 months, and the estimated 1‐year PFS was 33% for the entire cohort. PFS was better for responders than nonresponders (median PFS, 16.9 vs. 1.8 months; 1‐year PFS, 60% vs. 0%). Forty‐three cytokine release syndrome (CRS) events were observed, three of which were grade 3; all were manageable without glofitamab discontinuation. No immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity was reported. Among seven hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers (six had antiviral prophylaxis) and 14 patients with remote HBV (four had antiviral prophylaxis), no HBV reactivation was observed.
Conclusions
In this real‐world cohort, glofitamab exhibited effectiveness comparable to trial results without excessive CRS or new safety issues. With appropriate prophylaxis, glofitamab‐treated patients with chronic or remote HBV infection are unlikely to experience virus reactivation.
Glofitamab is an effective treatment for relapsed and refractory B‐cell lymphomas according to real‐world clinical data from 34 patients in Taiwan, which confirms clinical trial results. Glofitamab is not associated with an apparent risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation.
Supernova driven winds are often invoked to remove chemically enriched gas from dwarf galaxies to match their low observed metallicities. In such shallow potential wells, outflows may produce massive ...amounts of enriched halo gas (circumgalactic medium, CGM) and pollute the intergalactic medium (IGM). Here, we present a survey of the CGM and IGM around 18 star-forming field dwarfs with stellar masses of at . Eight of these have CGM probed by quasar absorption spectra at projected distances, d, less than that of the host virial radius, . Ten are probed in the surrounding IGM at . The absorption measurements include neutral hydrogen, the dominant silicon ions for diffuse cool gas (T ∼ 104 K; Si ii, Si iii, and Si iv), moderately ionized carbon (C iv), and highly ionized oxygen (O vi). Metal absorption from the CGM of the dwarfs is less common and weaker compared to massive star-forming galaxies, though O vi absorption is still common. None of the dwarfs probed at have definitive metal-line detections. Combining the available silicon ions, we estimate that the cool CGM of the dwarfs accounts for only 2%-6% of the expected silicon budget from the yields of supernovae associated with past star formation. The highly ionized O vi accounts for 8% of the oxygen budget. As O vi traces an ion with expected equilibrium ion fractions of 0.2, the highly ionized CGM may represent a significant metal reservoir even for dwarfs not expected to maintain gravitationally shock heated hot halos.
We present a study of extended galaxy halo gas through H i and O vi absorption over two decades in projected distance at z ... 0.2. The study is based on a sample of 95 galaxies from a highly ...complete (>80 per cent) survey of faint galaxies (L > 0.1L...) with archival quasar absorption spectra and 53 galaxies from the literature. A clear anticorrelation is found between H i (O vi) column density and virial radius normalized projected distance, d/R... Strong H i (O vi) absorption systems with column densities greater than 10... (10...) cm... are found for 48 of 54 (36 of 42) galaxies at d < R... indicating a mean covering fraction of ...Hi...=0.89 (...Ovi...=0.86). O vi absorbers are found at d ... R..., beyond the extent observed for lower ionization species. At d/R... = 1-3 strong H i (O vi) absorption systems are found for only 7 of 43 (5 of 34) galaxies (...Hi...=0.16 and ...Ovi...=0.15). Beyond d = 3 R..., the H i and O vi covering fractions decrease to levels consistent with coincidental systems. The high completeness of the galaxy survey enables an investigation of environmental dependence of extended gas properties. Galaxies with nearby neighbours exhibit a modest increase in O vi covering fraction at d > R... compared to isolated galaxies (...Ovi...0.13 versus 0.04) but no excess H i absorption. These findings suggest that environmental effects play a role in distributing heavy elements beyond the enriched gaseous haloes of individual galaxies. Finally, we find that differential H i and O vi absorption between early- and late-type galaxies continues from d < R... to d ... 3 R... (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
Arginine plays diverse roles in cellular physiology. As a semi-essential amino acid, arginine deprivation has been used to target cancers with arginine synthesis deficiency. Arginine-deprived cancer ...cells exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction, transcriptional reprogramming and eventual cell death. In this study, we show in prostate cancer cells that arginine acts as an epigenetic regulator to modulate histone acetylation, leading to global upregulation of nuclear-encoded oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes. TEAD4 is retained in the nucleus by arginine, enhancing its recruitment to the promoter/enhancer regions of OXPHOS genes and mediating coordinated upregulation in a YAP1-independent but mTOR-dependent manner. Arginine also activates the expression of lysine acetyl-transferases and increases overall levels of acetylated histones and acetyl-CoA, facilitating TEAD4 recruitment. Silencing of TEAD4 suppresses OXPHOS functions and prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Given the strong correlation of TEAD4 expression and prostate carcinogenesis, targeting TEAD4 may be beneficially used to enhance arginine-deprivation therapy and prostate cancer therapy.
Abstract
Quasar feedback may regulate the growth of supermassive black holes, quench coeval star formation, and impact galaxy morphology and the circumgalactic medium. However, direct evidence for ...quasar feedback in action at the epoch of peak black hole accretion at
z
≈ 2 remains elusive. A good case in point is the
z
= 1.6 quasar WISEA J100211.29+013706.7 (XID 2028), where past analyses of the same ground-based data have come to different conclusions. Here, we revisit this object with the integral-field unit of the Near Infrared Spectrograph on board the JWST as part of Early Release Science program Q3D. The excellent angular resolution and sensitivity of the JWST data reveal new morphological and kinematic substructures in the outflowing gas plume. An analysis of the emission-line ratios indicates that photoionization by the central quasar dominates the ionization state of the gas with no obvious sign for a major contribution from hot young stars anywhere in the host galaxy. The rest-frame near-UV emission aligned along the wide-angle cone of outflowing gas is interpreted as a scattering cone. The outflow has cleared a channel in the dusty host galaxy, through which some of the quasar ionizing radiation is able to escape and heat the surrounding interstellar and circumgalactic media. Although the warm ionized outflow is not powerful enough to impact the host galaxy via mechanical feedback, radiative feedback by the active galactic nucleus, aided by the outflow, may help to explain the unusually small molecular gas mass fraction in the galaxy host.
Over the past few years, learning-based video compression has become an active research area. However, most works focus on P-frame coding. Learned B-frame coding is under-explored and more ...challenging. This work introduces a novel B-frame coding framework, termed B-CANF, that exploits conditional augmented normalizing flows for B-frame coding. B-CANF additionally features two novel elements: frame-type adaptive coding and B*-frames. Our frame-type adaptive coding learns better bit allocation for hierarchical B-frame coding by dynamically adapting the feature distributions according to the B-frame type. Our B*-frames allow greater flexibility in specifying the group-of-pictures (GOP) structure by reusing the B-frame codec to mimic P-frame coding, without the need for an additional, separate P-frame codec. On commonly used datasets, B-CANF achieves the state-of-the-art compression performance as compared to the other learned B-frame codecs and shows comparable BD-rate results to HM-16.23 under the random access configuration in terms of PSNR. When evaluated on different GOP structures, our B*-frames achieve similar performance to the additional use of a separate P-frame codec.
This paper examines how the circumgalactic medium (CGM) evolves as a function of time by comparing results from different absorption-line surveys that have been conducted in the vicinities of ...galaxies at different redshifts. Despite very different star formation properties of the galaxies considered in these separate studies and different intergalactic radiation fields at redshifts between z ≈ 2.2 and z ∼ 0, I show that both the spatial extent and mean absorption equivalent width of the CGM around galaxies of comparable mass have changed little over this cosmic time interval.
Alternative approaches to treating subcutaneous abscesses—especially those associated with antibiotic‐resistant pathogenic bacterial strains—that eliminate the need for antibiotics are urgently ...needed. This work descibes a chitosan (CS) derivative with self‐doped polyaniline (PANI) side chains that can self‐assemble into micelles in an aqueous environment and be transformed into colloidal gels in a process that is driven by a local increase in pH. These self‐doped PANI micelles can be utilized as nano‐localized heat sources, remotely controllable using near‐infrared (NIR) light. To test the in vivo efficacy of the CS derivative as a photothermal agent, an aqueous solution thereof is directly injected at the site of infected abscesses in a mouse model. The injected polymer solution eventually becomes distributed over the acidic abscesses, forming colloidal gels when it meets the boundaries of healthy tissues. After treatment with an 808 nm laser, the colloidal gels convert NIR light into heat, causing the thermal lysis of bacteria and repairing the infected wound without leaving residual implanted materials. This approach has marked potential because it can provide colloidal gels with tunable spatial stability, limiting localized heating to the infected sites, and reducing thermal damage to the surrounding healthy tissues.
An injected polymer solution exhibits a rapid nanostructure transformation over a narrow range of pH values and forms a colloidal gel at the site of the abscess, providing tunable spatial stabilization. The formed colloidal gel converts near‐infrared (NIR) light energy into heat and causes thermal lysis of the bacteria, reducing thermal damage to the surrounding tissues.
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