The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) can methylate at lysine 27 of histone H3 at the trimethylation level (H3K27me3). This leads to gene silencing and is known to be dysregulated in many cancers. ...PRC2 is made up of three core subunits: EZH2, SUZ12, and EED. EED is essential for the regulation of PRC2 function by binding to H3K27me3. Targeting the allosteric site within EED offers new strategies to disrupt the PRC2 activity. In this minireview, we summarize some of the recent developments in small molecules that target EED and its interaction with other core proteins in the PRC2 complex.
Plant viruses adopt diverse virulence strategies to inhibit host antiviral defense. However, general antiviral defense directly targeted by different types of plant viruses have rarely been studied. ...Here, we show that the single rice DELLA protein, SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1), a master negative regulator in Gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway, is targeted by several different viral effectors for facilitating viral infection. Viral proteins encoded by different types of rice viruses all directly trigger the rapid degradation of SLR1 by promoting association with the GA receptor OsGID1. SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum resistance was subverted by these independently evolved viral proteins, which all interrupted the functional crosstalk between SLR1 and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. This decline of JA antiviral further created the advantage of viral infection. Our study reveals a common viral counter-defense strategy in which different types of viruses convergently target SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum resistance to benefit viral infection in the monocotyledonous crop rice.
In the mountainous areas passed by the Sichuan–Tibet Railway, rockfall is one of the important geological hazards with characteristics of unpredictable and sudden occurrences. For high and steep ...slopes, this study employs nap-of-the-object photogrammetry with the characteristic of close flight distance to reconstruct a 3D geological model, which is clear and qualified for discontinuity identification. For the rockfall investigation of areas where unstable blocks are widely distributed, this study proposes a new methodology for 3D rockfall risk statistical analysis to conduct well-directed rockfall simulations and perform a rockfall analysis on a tunnel portal. This methodology first narrows down the rockfall source regions through a field investigation and by slope aspect. Then, the critical source areas that threaten the tunnel portal are determined by preliminary simulation results. Finally, unstable blocks within the critical source areas are interpreted, and well-directed simulations are performed. The rockfall risk analysis on the tunnel portal is conducted on the basis of trajectory distributions and kinematic parameters. This methodology greatly simplifies the rockfall simulation process and reduces the workload of unstable block identification and interpretation. As a consequence, in the Kangyuqu area, several unstable blocks are identified for simulations. Results indicate that rockfalls reaching the tunnel portal have a kinetic energy range of 300–20,000 kJ, a velocity range of 8–30 m/s, and a maximum jump height of 25 m.
•Nap-of-the-object photogrammetry is employed to reconstruct a 3D geological model.•Feasibilities of discontinuity interpretation and unstable block detection are analyzed.•A new methodology combining statistics for rockfall risk analysis is proposed.•Detailed rockfall analysis on a tunnel portal of Sichuan-Tibet Railway is performed.
We characterize the modulation linearity of a silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator with a single-drive push-pull configuration. The 3-dB electro-optic bandwidths of the modulator are 15 and 32 GHz at 0 and ...6 V reverse biases, respectively. The best spurious-free dynamic ranges (SFDRs) for the second-order harmonic distortion and the third-order intermodulation distortion are measured to be 97.7 dB·Hz 2/3 and 85.9 dB·Hz 1/2 . The experimental measurement demonstrates that such a drive scheme can effectively reduce the modulation nonlinearity, especially the second harmonic distortion. Multi-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) is achieved using this high-linearity modulator with PAM-2,3,4,5 at a symbol rate of 40 Gbaud/s and PAM-8 at a symbol rate of 25 Gbaud/s.
Leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases in the world and remains endemic in some underdeveloped regions, including western China. The phylogeny and classification of Chinese ...Leishmania has not been completely clarified to date, especially within the Leishmania (L.) donovani complex, although phylogenetic analyses based on a series of gene markers have been performed. More analytic methods and data are still needed. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technology can sensitively identify slight intraspecific differences, and it is a powerful tool to seek species-specific markers. This work attempted to identify Chinese Leishmania isolates from diverse geographic regions at the genomic level. Meanwhile, specific markers of the L. donovani complex were also developed by RAPD. RAPD was applied to 14 Chinese Leishmania isolates from diverse geographic regions and 3 WHO reference strains. The polymorphic sites of amplification were transformed into a data matrix, based on which genetic similarity was calculated, and a UPGMA dendrogram was constructed to analyse the genetic diversity of these Leishmania isolates. Meanwhile, the specific amplification loci of the L. donovani complex were TA-cloned, sequenced and converted into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, which were validated preliminarily in 17 available Leishmania strains in this study and analysed by bioinformatics. The cluster analyses showed that the three Leishmania sp. isolates SC10H2, SD and GL clustered together and apart from others, the strains of the L. donovani complex clearly divided into two clades, and the three isolates Cy, WenChuan and 801 formed a subclade. Three specific SCAR markers of the L. donovani complex, i.e., 1-AD17, 2-A816 and 3-O13, were successfully obtained and validated on 17 available Leishmania strains in this study. Through bioinformatic analyses, Marker 1-AD17 may have more specificity for PCR detection of VL, and Marker 3-O13 has the potential to encode a protein. The RAPD results verified that the undescribed Leishmania species causing visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in China was a unique clade distinguished from L. donovani and revealed that there was genetic differentiation among Chinese L. donovani. The identification of L. donovani-specific markers may help to provide a foundation for future research attempting to develop new specific diagnostic markers of VL and identify specific gene functions.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in diverse processes that drive cancer development. However, the expression landscape and mechanistic function of circRNAs in osteosarcoma (OS) remain to be ...studied.
Bioinformatic analysis and high-throughput RNA sequencing tools were employed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs between OS and adjacent noncancerous tissues. The expression level of circ_001422 in clinical specimens and cell lines was measured using qRT-PCR. The association of circ_001422 expression with the clinicopathologic features of 55 recruited patients with OS was analyzed. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments were conducted to explore the role of circ_001422 in OS cells. RNA immunoprecipitation, fluorescence in situ hybridization, bioinformatics database analysis, RNA pulldown assays, dual-luciferase reporter assays, mRNA sequencing, and rescue experiments were conducted to decipher the competitive endogenous RNA regulatory network controlled by circ_001422.
We characterized a novel and abundant circRNA, circ_001422, that promoted OS progression. Circ_001422 expression was dramatically increased in OS cell lines and tissues compared with noncancerous samples. Higher circ_001422 expression correlated with more advanced clinical stage, larger tumor size, higher incidence of distant metastases and poorer overall survival in OS patients. Circ_001422 knockdown markedly repressed the proliferation and metastasis and promoted the apoptosis of OS cells in vivo and in vitro, whereas circ_001422 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. Mechanistically, competitive interactions between circ_001422 and miR-195-5p elevated FGF2 expression while also initiating PI3K/Akt signaling. These events enhanced the malignant characteristics of OS cells.
Circ_001422 accelerates OS tumorigenesis and metastasis by modulating the miR-195-5p/FGF2/PI3K/Akt axis, implying that circ_001422 can be therapeutically targeted to treat OS.
The receiving performance of a frequency hopping receiver based on interference and frequency-to-time mapping are analyzed. The broadening of the receiving passband induced by high frequency hopping ...speed is theoretically analyzed. The spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR), the frequency-dependent RF gain, and the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) corresponding to the RF gain are theoretically derived to indicate the receiving performance. Experimental verifications on the SFDR and RF gain were conducted. The SFDR of the passband at 7.21 GHz is 77.23dBc, and for the passbands located from 7 GHz to 23 GHz, the SFDR variance is below 3.2 dB, which fits well with the simulated results with the difference of less than 3.7 dB. The RF gain for passbands located from 2.6 GHz to 40.9 GHz were tested, and the difference is less than 2 dB compared to the theoretical results.
Short-term exposures to air pollution are associated with acute effects on respiratory health. This study aimed to describe 10-year temporal trends in respiratory mortality in the urban areas of ...Shenyang, China, according to gender and age and estimate the effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases (ICD-10J00-J99) and lung cancer (ICD-10 C33-C34) using a case-crossover design. During the study period 2013–2015, the exposure-response relationship between ambient air pollutants and mortality data was fitted by a quasi-Poisson model. Age-standardized mortality rates for a combined number of respiratory diseases and for lung cancer declined in Shenyang; however, death counts increased with aging. Deaths from respiratory diseases increased by 4.7% (95% CI, 0.00–9.9), and lung cancer mortality increased by 6.5% (95% CI, 1.2–12.0), both associated with a 10 μg/m
3
increase in exposure to particulate matter < 2.5 μg in diameter (PM2.5). Moreover, males in Shenyang’s urban areas were more susceptible to the acute effects of PM2.5 and SO
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exposure; people aged ≥ 65 years had a high susceptibility to ozone, and those aged < 65 years were more susceptible to other air pollutants. These results provided an updated estimate of the short-term effects of air pollution in Shenyang. Since population aging is also associated with increasing mortality from respiratory diseases and lung cancer, reinforcing air quality control measures and health-promoting behaviors is urgent and necessary in Shenyang.
The fruits of
, commonly known as jujube, red date or Chinese date, are taken as fresh or dried food, and as traditional medicine worldwide due to high nutritional and health values. Traditionally in ...China, jujube is considered as a medicinal fruit that is being used in treating blood deficiency. In this review, the beneficial effects of jujubes on the hematopoietic functions are summarized and discussed. As illustrated in cell and animal models, the application of jujube extract possessed beneficial effects, including regulation of erythropoiesis via activation of hypoxia inducible factor-induced erythropoietin, potential capacity in recycling heme iron during erythrophagocytosis and bi-directional regulation of immune response. Thus, the blood-nourishing function of jujube is being proposed here. Flavonoid, polysaccharide and triterpenoid within jujube could serve as the potential active ingredients accounting for the aforementioned health benefits. Taken together, these findings provide several lines of evidence for further development of jujube as supplementary products for prevention and/or treatment of anemia.
We proposed a scheme which can simultaneously realize photonic analog-to-digital conversion (PADC) and digital photonic filtering for microwave signals. A multi-tap optical pulse shaper is adopted in ...a photonic sampling and electrical quantizing PADC to change its equivalent channel response, which can be designed and flexibly reconfigured as a finite impulse response digital filter. The principle and operation conditions of the proposed scheme are theoretically analyzed. A system employing an optical time division multiplexing (OTDM)-based multi-tap shaper is demonstrated. Filtering features agreeing well with the theoretical and simulation results are experimentally measured by configuring the path attenuations and delays in the OTDM based shaper.
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