WHO recommended multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) should be treated mainly under ambulatory model, but outcome of ambulatory treatment of MDR-TB in China was little known.
The clinical data ...of 261 MDR-TB patients treated as outpatients in Shenzhen, China during 2010-2015 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.
Of 261 MDR-TB patients receiving ambulatory treatment, 71.1% (186/261) achieved treatment success (cured or completed treatment), 0.4% (1/261) died during treatment, 11.5% (30/261) had treatment failure or relapse, 8.0% (21/261) were lost to follow-up, and 8.8% (23/261) were transferred out. The culture conversion rate at 6 months was 85.0%. Although 91.6% (239/261) of patients experienced at least one adverse event (AE), only 2% of AEs caused permanent discontinuation of one or more drugs. Multivariate analysis showed that previous TB treatment, regimens containing capreomycin and resistance to FQs were associated with poor outcomes, while experiencing three or more AEs was associated with good outcomes.
Good treatment success rates and early culture conversions were achieved with entirely ambulatory treatment of MDR-TB patients in Shenzhen, supporting WHO recommendations. Advantageous aspects of the local TB control program, including accessible and affordable second-line drugs, patient support, active monitoring and proper management of AEs and well-implemented DOT likely contributed to treatment success rates.
The similarity of logistics functions of ports and the overlapped economic hinterlands, as well as the competition and mutual effects between port infrastructure contribute to the extremely complex ...service effect between logistics services of ports. How to define the complex network evolution patterns of service effect between different ports becomes essential. This study builds a BBV(Barrat, Barthélemy and Vespignani model) weighted network evolution model to analysis the complex network evolution laws of the service effect of typical seaports in coastal China. We select key assessment factors that affect the service effect of ports, establish a complex network analysis model for port service effect. 15 typical seaports in coastal China are selected for empirical research to verify the practicality and effectiveness of the established model in analysis for complex networks of ports' service effect. The results show that the network presents a hub-and-spoke spatial pattern featuring a small world and no scales, and presents polarized and complex evolution characteristics. The results of this study are conducive to government departments and policy makers for understanding port development and evolution laws, so as to roll out effective strategies as appropriate to manage and promote sustainable development of ports.
Shipping, as an important part of the global supply chain, has always been quite sensitive to maritime accidents. Fatality and injury are important metrics indicating an accident’s severity. ...Understanding the driving factors of fatality and injury outcomes of maritime accidents can help to improve supply chain security. Based on maritime accident data obtained from the Lloyd’s List Intelligence, this paper identifies accident-prone sea areas through kernel density estimation (KDE) and selects two of the areas to conduct a comparative study on factors contributing to fatality and injury outcomes of maritime accidents through zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) and elastic analysis. The results show that collision and ship age significantly impact the number of fatalities and injuries. Specifically, collision and ship age have greater impacts on fatality and injury outcomes of accidents that occurred in the English Channel and North Sea. Whether the accident occurs in ports and whether the accident causes a total loss have more significant impacts on the fatality and injury outcomes of accidents in the Black Sea and the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The research results can potentially support the reduction of fatalities and injuries in maritime accident and help to manage maritime risk.
RNA, like DNA and proteins, has been discovered to undergo dynamic and reversible chemical alterations, increasing the diversity and functional complexity of the molecule. N-6-methyladenosine (m
6
A) ...RNA methylation serves as a bridge between transcription and translation and is critical for many diseases’ progression. There is a complex interrelationship between m
6
A modifications and other epigenetic modifications. Their crosstalk significantly affects transcriptional outputs, translation, recruitment of chromatin modifiers, as well as the deployment of the m
6
A methyltransferase complex at target sites. This article outlines the potential function of m
6
A RNA methylation in epigenetics and summarizes its interactions with histone modifications.
Building cyber-physical system （CPS） models of machine tools is a key technology for intelligent manufacturing. The massive electronic data from a computer numerical control （CNC） system during the ...work processes of a CNC machine tool is the main source of the big data on which a CPS model is established. In this work-process model, a method based on instruction domain is applied to analyze the electronic big data, and a quantitative description of the numerical control （NC） processes is built according to the G code of the processes. Utilizing the instruction domain, a work-process CPS model is established on the basis of the accurate, real-time mapping of the manufacturing tasks, resources, and status of the CNC machine tool. Using such models, case studies are conducted on intelligent-machining applications, such as the optimization of NC processing parameters and the health assurance of CNC machine tools.
The international crude oil maritime transportation system has always been disturbed by the external environment and its own mechanism of supply and demand, which can sometimes last for a long time. ...BDTI (Baltic Exchange Dirty Tanker Index) is one of the most typical indexes in the crude oil maritime transportation market, which is affected by many uncertain events and often lasts for a long time. So it is very significant to study fluctuation characteristics of the crude oil maritime transportation system and assess the impact of critical events, which have been referred to in this paper by improving the R/S model and selecting three international transportation lines in marine shipping ranging from 2008 to 2019. Through model applications, numerical results validate the effectiveness of this method, showing all of the three transportation lines possess long-term memory. The impact of the four critical events has also been evaluated. The study will help crude oil enterprises make investment decision on potential transportation lines and give policymakers advice to maintain stability of the crude oil industry.
As bridges connecting seaports and their hinterland, dry ports serve to expand the hinterland and increase cargo sources of seaports, rendering efficient international logistics circulation in ...hinterland areas possible. The roles of dry ports have attracted increasing attention from various ocean shipping countries. Seaports and dry ports possess complementary functions and increasingly close interactions. The paper builds an assessment indicator system on correlations between seaports and dry ports and a two-stage grey relational analysis (GRA) method through collating dry port-related literature to facilitate quantitative studies on the correlations between seaports and dry ports, namely, using two quantitative indicators of Deng’s correlation and absolute correlation to assess and determine the correlations in the development of seaports and dry ports. The paper then carries out case studies on Xiamen Port and its six dry ports to verify the effectiveness of the method and model in the paper. The study results show that Xiamen Port has very high region-varying correlations with its hinterland dry ports. Dry port development not only depends on their shipment volume indicators, but also significantly correlated with their economic indicators, and the hinterland economic indicators become key factors driving the fast development of a seaport. The analyzing method in the paper is conducive for government departments and relevant stakeholders to formulate superior policies and provide theoretical bases for the development of correlations between seaports and their dry ports.
The modeling of machining response like the cutting power has great significance for the simulation and optimization of the machining process before real physical cutting. Current cutting power ...models are usually constructed from some trial cutting experiments under specific cutting conditions, the model constructed under a cutting condition is difficult to apply in another one. To build another model, extensive re-trial cutting experiments should be conducted, which is time-consuming and costly. In this paper, an efficient cutting power modeling approach is proposed based on transfer learning. An instance & model hybrid transfer method for the domain adaption of data from two cutting conditions is proposed, from which the data of one cutting condition can reuse in the modeling process of the other cutting conditions. After the domain adaption process, a boosting technique is then applied that adaptively adjusts the weight of data from different cutting conditions. With the combination of the domain adaption and boosting technique, the cutting power model can be constructed efficiently. Experimental results from two case studies validate that, the cutting power models of three-axis milling as generated from the proposed approach have good prediction performance, which is much superior to the benchmarking algorithms in terms of improving the prediction accuracy and reducing the amount of data required for building the model.
Dynamic changes in epigenetic landscape reflect a critical command of lineage-specific gene expression. In an effort to discern the epigenetic regulatory networks of myogenic differentiation, we have ...used systematic and integrative approaches to explore multi-omics datasets on global myogenic gene expression, histone acetylation and acetyltransferase occupancy in view of distinct chromatin states. In this brief report, we discuss experimental design and provide a comprehensive assessment regarding data quality control, filtering and processing. We also define a gene-level overlap between RNA-seq and ChIP-seq datasets through integrative analyses to offer strategies for future use of the data. Furthermore, our analyses generate a blueprint on chromatin state distribution of residue-specific histone acetylation and concomitant association with histone acetyltransferase p300 in committed skeletal myoblasts and differential histone acetylation signatures at the onset of myoblast differentiation. These datasets can be further utilized to delineate the function of muscle-specific regulatory elements governed by other muscle myogenic regulators or signaling molecules.
Port throughput, as an indicator reflecting port scale, is associated with the port–city’s population base. By establishing an allometric growth model between the two, we can well verify the delicate ...relationship between port throughput and urban population. This article takes the throughput of Shanghai port and the population of Shanghai city as an example and studies the relative growth rate ratio between the two, that is, the scaling exponent b. In this example, the exponent b = 0.58 which is smaller than the theoretical value of 0.85, suggesting the improper development relationship between the two for the current phase. Shanghai urban population tends to be saturated, with the growth rate slowing down, and the contribution of urban population to port throughput decreasing. If this development trend proceeds for long, Shanghai port growth scale will be severely restricted. Apart from quantitative research on the relationship between the development rates of Shanghai port throughput and Shanghai urban population, this article also uses the Logistic model to forecast Shanghai port throughput and Shanghai urban population in the future to develop a scientific plan for Shanghai port scale so that port and city can achieve coordinated development.
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