•Constructing a new welfare function considering economy, equity and ecology.•Optimizing carbon emission pathways from multiple perspectives.•Focusing on the emission pathways in China achieving the ...ambitious targets.
With the increasing climate warming, reducing carbon emissions has gradually become a consensus around the world. However, the process of carbon emission reduction will inevitably lead to the transformation of economic structure, industrial structure and energy structure, which will bring huge changes in economic output, employment and other aspects, thus affecting the overall social welfare and equity. Therefore, it is particularly important for each country to determine a scientific and effective carbon emission pathway which take into account both social development and climate targets. As the largest carbon emitter, China has put forward the targets of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. In this regard, the corresponding carbon emission reduction scenarios are designed according to the new situation of China’s emission reduction in this paper, firstly. Furthermore, under the premise of maximizing social welfare, an optimization model which integrating economic growth-equity-environment is developed to determine China’s emission pathways under different scenarios from 2020 to 2050. Besides quantitatively showing the future total amount and peak value of carbon emissions under different scenarios, the results can also identify its evolution pathway over time. Therein, the peak under most scenarios will concentrate in 2025–2030, which is about 10.7 to 11.8 billion tons. With the increasingly stringent constraints on carbon emission reduction, the cost of emission reduction will increase correspondingly, but the overall social welfare will increase slightly. Finally, our findings provide practical guidance on achieving carbon emission reduction and enlightenments on policymaking.
Deep learning approaches have been widely applied to building footprint extraction using high-resolution imagery. However, the traditional fully convolution network still has problems in recovering ...spatial details and discriminating buildings with varying sizes and styles. We propose a novel multipath hybrid attention network (MHA-Net) to address these challenges. We design a separable convolution block attention module and an attention downsampling module as the basic modules with separable convolutions and channel attention. The MHA-Net architecture consists of three components: the encoding network, multipath hybrid dilated convolution (HDC), and dense upsampling convolution (DUC). The encoding network is used to encode the high-level semantic contexts of images. The multipath HDC aggregates multiscale features by combining rich semantic representations extracted by HDCs, which can achieve promising results in extracting tiny buildings. The DUC is capable of recovering precise spatial information of buildings. We evaluate our network on two public datasets: the WHU aerial building dataset and the Massachusetts building dataset. According to the experimental results, MHA-Net outperforms other classical semantic segmentation models and several recent building extraction models. In particular, MHA-Net can improve the extraction accuracy of small buildings and is robust to complicated building roofs.
Objective
This research explored the relationship among loneliness, depression and self-concept of rural children in China.
Methods
Seven hundred and twenty-four children (
M
age
= 9.15 years) from ...two rural primary schools were selected as respondents to participate in this study. Piers-Harris Children’s Self-concept Scale, Asher Loneliness Scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children were used.
Results
Of the rural children surveyed, 14.50% and 10.22%, respectively, experienced strong loneliness and severe depression, and 28.52% had low self-concept. There was a significant positive relationship of moderate level between loneliness and depression, and significant negative relationships between total self-concept and depression, and between total self-concept and loneliness. Moreover, a partial mediation role of self-concept was found in the relationship between loneliness and depression.
Conclusion
Children’s loneliness was not only directly related to depression, but also was indirectly mediated by self-concept, which demonstrated a partial mediation role in the relationship between loneliness and depression.
Single-cell transcriptomic assays have enabled the de novo reconstruction of lineage differentiation trajectories, along with the characterization of cellular heterogeneity and state transitions. ...Several methods have been developed for reconstructing developmental trajectories from single-cell transcriptomic data, but efforts on analyzing single-cell epigenomic data and on trajectory visualization remain limited. Here we present STREAM, an interactive pipeline capable of disentangling and visualizing complex branching trajectories from both single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic data. We have tested STREAM on several synthetic and real datasets generated with different single-cell technologies. We further demonstrate its utility for understanding myoblast differentiation and disentangling known heterogeneity in hematopoiesis for different organisms. STREAM is an open-source software package.
A facile strategy affording high-quality single-crystalline MFI-type nanozeolites (10–55 nm) with hexagonal prism morphology, good monodispersity, high crystallinity, and high product yield (above ...97%) has been developed. This is achieved by synergistically using an l-lysine-assisted approach and a two-step crystallization process in a concentrated gel system (H2O/Si = 9). The morphological evolution of nanosized silicalite-1 is monitored by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). In this process, metastable irregular nanoparticles are initially obtained at 80 °C as the first step. Consequently, a rearrangement in morphology toward equilibrium crystal shape and without excessive growth for the metastable nanoparticles occurs at 170 °C as the second step. Throughout the whole process, l-lysine acts as an inhibitor to effectively limit the crystal growth of zeolites. Thanks to the high-quality nanosized crystals, the as-prepared ZSM-5 catalysts exhibit superior performance in methanol-to-propylene (MTP) reactions, which deliver a prolonged lifetime of 54 h with a total light olefin selectivity of 74% and a high propylene selectivity of 49% at 470 °C at a high methanol weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 7.2 h–1. This synthetic route provides a general strategy for preparing other types of zeolites with good monodispersity, nanosize, high yield, and high crystallinity.
Hierarchical nanozeolites are highly desired for heavy oil conversion because of their fast mass transfer, good site accessibility, and short diffusion length compared with their conventional ...counterparts. Here, we provide a facile amino acid-assisted strategy to synthesize hierarchical ZSM-5 (MFI) zeolite nanocrystals by two-step crystallization in a concentrated gel system. Strikingly, each virus-like zeolite nanoparticle with abundant interconnected intracrystalline mesopores is a high-quality single crystal that is defect-free as confirmed by electron diffraction and NMR analysis. By utilizing advanced electron microscopy techniques, we have studied the evolution process of single-crystalline hierarchical ZSM-5 nanocrystals that involves oriented aggregation of protozeolitic nanoparticles formed at low temperature followed by intraparticle ripening at high temperature. The as-prepared hierarchical Ni@ZSM-5 catalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance in hydrodeoxygenation of stearic acid and palm oil.
A mountain of evidence has shown that people's physical and mental health can be affected by various air pollutions. Poor pregnancy outcomes are associated with exposure to air pollution. Therefore, ...this study aims to investigate the association between air pollutions (PM
, PM
, SO
, NO
, CO, and O
) and preterm birth/low birth weight in Guangdong province, China.
All maternal data and birth data from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015 were selected from a National Free Pre-pregnancy Check-ups system, and the daily air quality data of Guangdong Province was collected from China National Environmental Monitoring Center. 1784 women with either preterm birth information (n = 687) or low birth weight information (n = 1097) were used as experimental group. Control group included 1766 women with healthy birth information. Logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the effects of air pollutants on the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight.
The pollution levels of PM
, PM
, SO
, NO
, CO, and O
in Guangdong province were all lower than the national air pollution concentrations. The concentrations of PM
, PM
, SO
, NO
and CO had obvious seasonal trends with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. O
concentrations in September (65.72 μg/m
) and October (84.18 μg/m
) were relatively higher. After controlling for the impact of confounding factors, the increases in the risk of preterm birth were associated with each 10 μg/m
increase in PM
(OR 1.043, 95% CI 1.01-1.09) and PM
(OR 1.039, 95% CI 1.01~1.14) during the first trimester and in PM
(OR 1.038, 95% CI 1.01~1.12), PM
(OR 1.024, 95% CI 1.02~1.09), SO
(OR 1.081, 95% CI 1.01~1.29), and O
(OR 1.016, 95% CI 1.004~1.35) during the third trimester. The increase in the risk of low birth weight was associated with PM
, PM
, NO
, and O
in the first month and the last month.
This study provides further evidence for the relationships between air pollutions and preterm birth/low birth weight. Pregnant women are recommended to reduce or avoid exposure to air pollutions during pregnancy, especially in the early and late stages of pregnancy.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Radio frequency identification technology has been widely used in missing tag detection to reduce and avoid inventory shrinkage. In this application, promptly finding out the missing event is of ...paramount importance. However, the existing missing tag detection protocols cannot efficiently handle the presence of a large number of unexpected tags whose IDs are not known to the reader, which shackles the time efficiency. To deal with the problem of detecting missing tags in the presence of unexpected tags, this paper introduces a two-phase Bloom filter-based missing tag detection (BMTD) protocol. The proposed BMTD exploits Bloom filter in sequence to first deactivate the unexpected tags and then test the membership of the expected tags, thus dampening the interference from the unexpected tags and considerably reducing the detection time. Moreover, the theoretical analysis of the protocol parameters is performed to minimize the detection time of the proposed BMTD and achieve the required reliability simultaneously. In addition, we derive a critical threshold on the unexpected tag size for the execution of first phase in BMTD. Extensive experiments are then conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed BMTD. The results demonstrate that the proposed BMTD significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art solutions.
Development of distant metastasis is the main cause of deaths in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Understanding the mechanism of PCa metastasis is of utmost importance to improve its prognosis. The ...role of exosomal long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been reported not yet fully understood in the metastasis of PCa. Here, we discovered an exosomal lncRNA HOXD-AS1 is upregulated in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell line derived exosomes and serum exosomes from metastatic PCa patients, which correlated with its tissue expression. Further investigation confirmed exosomal HOXD-AS1 promotes prostate cancer cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo by inducing metastasis associated phenotype. Mechanistically exosomal HOXD-AS1 was internalized directly by PCa cells, acting as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to modulate the miR-361-5p/FOXM1 axis, therefore promoting PCa metastasis. In addition, we found that serum exosomal HOXD-AS1 was upregulated in metastatic PCa patients, especially those with high volume disease. And it is correlated closely with Gleason Score, distant and nodal metastasis, Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) recurrence free survival, and progression free survival (PFS). This sheds a new insight into the regulation of PCa distant metastasis by exosomal HOXD-AS1 mediated miR-361-5p/FOXM1 axis, and provided a promising liquid biopsy biomarker to guide the detection and treatment of metastatic PCa.
Physical therapy can prevent functional impairments and improve the quality of life of patients after hospital discharge. However, the effect of early mobilization on patients with a critical illness ...remains unclear. This study was performed to assess the evidence available regarding the effect of early mobilization on critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Electronic databases were searched from their inception to March 21, 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising critically ill patients who received early mobilization were included. The methodological quality and risk of bias of each eligible trial were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Data were extracted using a standard collection form each included study, and processed using the Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) or inverse-variance (I-V) test in the STATA v12.0 statistical software.
A total of 1,898 records were screened. Twenty-three RCTs comprising 2,308 critically ill patients were ultimately included. Early mobilization decreased the incidence of ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) at hospital discharge (three studies, 190 patients, relative risk (RR): 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40, 0.90; p = 0.013, I2 = 0.0%), increased the number of patients who were able to stand (one study, 50 patients, 90% vs. 62%, p = 0.02), increased the number of ventilator-free days (six studies, 745 patients, standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.17, 95% CI 0.02, 0.31; p = 0.023, I2 = 35.5%) during hospitalization, increased the distance the patient was able to walk unassisted (one study, 104 patients, 33.4 (0-91.4) meters vs. 0 (0-30.4) meters, p = 0.004) at hospital discharge, and increased the discharged-to-home rate (seven studies, 793 patients, RR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.00, 1.34; p = 0.046). The mortality (28-day, ICU and hospital) and adverse event rates were moderately increased by early mobilization, but the differences were statistically non-significant. However, due to the substantial heterogeneity among the included studies, and the low quality of the evidence, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution. Publication bias was not identified.
Early mobilization appears to decrease the incidence of ICU-AW, improve the functional capacity, and increase the number of ventilator-free days and the discharged-to-home rate for patients with a critical illness in the ICU setting.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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