This article combines geographic information system (GIS) technology and database technology to analyse agricultural, natural disasters. The article uses a fractional linear regression equation to ...define the comprehensive intensity grading standard of the disaster-causing factors of torrential rain. At the same time, we use GIS to superimpose the agricultural vulnerability index into the storm disaster risk zoning to obtain the degree of agricultural impact under different levels of risk. At the end of the thesis, the model is applied to actual case analysis to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm model.
Online group buying is a burgeoning business model of Internet shopping, in which people with the same merchandise interests form a group and co-purchase goods with favorable prices. The buyer who ...launches the co-purchase is called the initiator, and other buyers are called the co-purchasers. Although recommending co-purchasers for a target buyer (co-purchase initiator) on the group buying is an interesting problem, existing studies have paid few attention to this topic. Different from the collaborator recommendation that only considers users with high similarity to the target user, co-purchaser recommendation takes both users with high and weak similarity into account, and the recommendation results can achieve high recall and diversity. However, the task turns out to be a challenging problem since it is hard to make a precise recommendation for buyers with weak similarity. To address the problem, we propose the following two methods. In the first one, we directly impose a penalty to the weak similar co-purchasers in the embedding space. To further improve the recommendation performance, in the second one, we smoothly increase the co-occurrence probability of the weak similar co-purchasers by truncated bias walk. Our experimental results on real datasets show that the proposed methods, particularly the latter, can effectively complete the co-purchaser recommendation and has high recommendation performance. In addition, considering that co-purchase may last longer, the total recommendation result can be generated in multiple stages and adjust the current recommendation list based on the feedback from the recommendation of previous stages. It is a trick for all co-purchaser recommendation methods to make the total result better.
International shipping currently accounts for about 3% of total global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but would continue to rise as transport capacity expands. If the shipping industry aims at ...delivering its proportionate contribution to curbing global warming under the Paris agreement, the sector has to, inevitably, promote energy conservation and emission reduction. A rapidly growing oceangoing fleet size and correspondingly rising GHG emissions on a global scale raise an interesting research question: could a certain relationship between the two be characterized as a function so that further emissions can be forecast based on the model? The paper adopts an allometric approach based on biological scaling laws to explore the potential relationship between the fleet size and corresponding GHG emissions from shipping. The results show that both the slowdown of the navigation speed and the current implementation of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) and Energy Efficiency Operation Index (EEOI) are effective on the whole. By employing the model, the development trends of GHG emissions from shipping in the future can be better understood. Through model applications and result analysis, numerical results validate the effectiveness of this method. The paper not only studies the development of GHG emissions from shipping in the past, but aslo evaluates its specific emission quantities in the future which is in line with the GHG emission reduction targets proposed by IMO on the 72nd IMO meeting, which will be helpful for policy decisions on the quota of GHG emissions to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and port administrators.
•Governance of GHG emissions from shipping is very important.•The relationship between fleet size and GHG emissions is explored.•The effects of different existing GHG emission reduction measures are analyzed.•Future tasks and pressures of GHG emission reduction are assessed.
The oil sunflower is an important oil crop and ornamental plant. Flowering time affects the environmental adaptability and final yield of oil sunflowers. Floral induction is one of the important ...events that determines subsequent reproductive growth and seed setting, but there has been no systematic study on the regulation of gene expression during the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth in oil sunflowers. In this study, an oil sunflower mutant displaying early flowering (ef) was obtained by heavy ion beam irradiation. This mutant had a stable genetic trait, and its flowering time was 15 days earlier than the wild type (WT) in the field. The histology result showed that the ef mutant induced floral meristem at 6-leaf stage earlier than WT. The shoot apical meristems (SAMs) of the ef mutant and WT at 4-leaf, 6-leaf, 8-leaf, 10-leaf and budding periods were collected for RNA sequencing. The results showed that the transition from the leaf meristem to the floral meristem resulted in significant changes in the transcriptional landscape. Overall, 632, 1825, 4549, 5407 and 2164 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 4-leaf, 6-leaf, 8-leaf, 10-leaf and budding periods, respectively. These DEGs were mainly enriched in biological pathways, including plant hormone signal transduction, carbon metabolism, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, secondary metabolism, and photosynthesis. We also found significant differences in the expression levels of starch and sucrose metabolism-related genes in the ef mutant and WT, indicating that sugar signaling plays an important role in the early flowering of oil sunflowers, especially SUC9 and sugar synthesis and degradation enzyme genes. In addition to hormone and sugar signals, flowering integration genes SOC1, AP1, FUL and LFY were upregulated in the ef mutant, and genes in photoperiod, aging, autonomous and temperature pathways were also involved in the regulation of floral transition. The results showed that plant hormones, sucrose metabolism, and flowering genes synergistically cause the early flowering of oil sunflowers. Our study provided important information for understanding flowering and is helpful for the genetic improvement of sunflowers.
Smart ports represent the current trend of port development. Intelligent operations reduce the daily production cost of ports, facilitate efficient production, strengthen the risk mitigation ability ...and comply with the requirements for long-term development. However, a systematic and scientific smart port evaluation method is missing to nail down the evaluation indicators of a smart port and enable accurate evaluation of a port’s degree of intelligence. This paper analyzes the concept of the smart port, establishes a set of smart port evaluation indicator systems, and applies a single-valued neutrosophic exponential similarity measure to port evaluation to enable quantitative evaluation of port integrity. This evaluation method is capable of decision-making in the event of incomplete, uncertain, and inconsistent information during general evaluation, opening up a new method for smart port evaluation, and acting as a helpful tool for ports to carry out improvements during actual application.
To investigate the potential role of hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S) and ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels in chronic stress-induced colonic hypermotility.
Male Wistar rats were submitted daily to ...1 h of water avoidance stress (WAS) or sham WAS (SWAS) for 10 consecutive days. Organ bath recordings, H(2)S production, immunohistochemistry and western blotting were performed on rat colonic samples to investigate the role of endogenous H(2)S in repeated WAS-induced hypermotility. Organ bath recordings and western blotting were used to detect the role of K(ATP) channels in repeated WAS.
Repeated WAS increased the number of fecal pellets per hour and the area under the curve of the spontaneous contractions of colonic strips, and decreased the endogenous production of H(2)S and the expression of H(2)S-producing enzymes in the colon devoid of mucosa and submucosa. Inhibitors of H(2)S-producing enzymes increased the contractile activity of colonic strips in the SWAS rats. NaHS concentration-dependently inhibited the spontaneous contractions of the strips and the NaHS IC(50) for the WAS rats was significantly lower than that for the SWAS rats. The inhibitory effect of NaHS was significantly reduced by glybenclamide. Repeated WAS treatment resulted in up-regulation of Kir6.1 and SUR2B of K(ATP) channels in the colon devoid of mucosa and submucosa.
The colonic hypermotility induced by repeated WAS may be associated with the decreased production of endogenous H(2)S. The increased expression of the subunits of K(ATP) channels in colonic smooth muscle cells may be a defensive response to repeated WAS. H(2)S donor may have potential clinical utility in treating chronic stress-induced colonic hypermotility.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Genome-wide association studies have identified >100 genetic risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. However, the reported genetic variants could only explain less than 40% heritability of rheumatoid ...arthritis. The majority of the heritability is still missing and needs to be identified with more studies with different approaches and populations. In order to identify novel function SNPs to explain missing heritability and reveal novel mechanism pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, 4 HLA SNPs (
HLA-DRB1
,
HLA-DRB9
,
HLA-DQB1,
and
TNFAIP3
) and 225 common SNPs located in miRNA, which might influence the miRNA target binding or pre-miRNA stability, were genotyped in 1,607 rheumatoid arthritis and 1,580 matched normal individuals. We identified 2 novel SNPs as significantly associated with rheumatoid arthritis including rs1414273 (
miR-548ac
, OR = 0.84,
p
= 8.26 × 10
−4
) and rs2620381 (
miR-627,
OR = 0.77,
p
= 2.55 × 10
−3
). We also identified that rs5997893 (
miR-3928
) showed significant epistasis effect with rs4947332 (
HLA-DRB1
, OR = 4.23,
p
= 0.04) and rs2967897 (miR-5695) with rs7752903 (
TNFAIP3
, OR = 4.43,
p
= 0.03). In addition, we found that individuals who carried 8 risk alleles showed 15.38 (95%CI: 4.69–50.49,
p
< 1.0 × 10
−6
) times more risk of being affected by RA. Finally, we demonstrated that the targets of the significant miRNAs showed enrichment in immune related genes (
p
= 2.0 × 10
−5
) and FDA approved drug target genes (
p
= 0.014). Overall, 6 novel miRNA SNPs including rs1414273 (
miR-548ac
,
p
= 8.26 × 10
−4
), rs2620381 (
miR-627
,
p
= 2.55 × 10
−3
), rs4285314 (miR-3135b,
p
= 1.10 × 10
−13
), rs28477407 (miR-4308,
p
= 3.44 × 10
−5
), rs5997893 (
miR-3928
,
p
= 5.9 × 10
−3
) and rs45596840 (
miR-4482
,
p
= 6.6 × 10
−3
) were confirmed to be significantly associated with RA in a Chinese population. Our study suggests that miRNAs might be interesting targets to accelerate understanding of the pathogenesis and drug development for rheumatoid arthritis.
In eukaryotic cells, the genomic DNA is packed with histones to form the nucleosome and chromatin structure. Reversible acetylation of the histone tails plays an important role in the control of ...specific gene expression. Mounting evidence has established that histone deacetylase inhibitors selectively induce cellular differentiation, growth arrest and apoptosis in variety of cancer cells, making them a promising class of anticancer drugs. However, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer effects of these inhibitors have yet to be understood.
Here, we report that a key determinant for the susceptibility of cancer cells to histone deacetylase inhibitors is their ability to maintain cellular Akt activity in response to the treatment. Also known as protein kinase B, Akt is an essential pro-survival factor in cell proliferation and is often deregulated during tumorigenesis. We show that histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as valproic acid and butyrate, impede Akt1 and Akt2 expression, which leads to Akt deactivation and apoptotic cell death. In addition, valproic acid and butyrate induce apoptosis through the caspase-dependent pathway. The activity of caspase-9 is robustly activated upon valproic acid or butyrate treatment. Constitutively active Akt is able to block the caspase activation and rescues cells from butyrate-induced apoptotic cell death.
Our study demonstrates that although the primary target of histone deacetylase inhibitors is transcription, it is the capacity of cells to maintain cellular survival networks that determines their fate of survival.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background and aims
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common cause of liver cirrhosis. Portal venous system thrombosis (PVST) is a major complication of liver cirrhosis. Recently, it has ...been shown that C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) and galectin-1 participate in the activation and aggregation of platelets, thereby promoting the development of thrombosis. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the association of serum CLEC-2 and galectin-1 levels with PVST in patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis.
Methods
Overall, 65 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis were included, of whom 23 had PVST and 42 did not have. Serum CLEC-2 and galectin-1 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. PVST was assessed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging scans. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the degree and location of PVST.
Results
Patients with PVST had significantly higher serum CLEC-2 (
p
= 0.006) and galectin-1 (
p
= 0.009) levels than those without. Patients with partial/complete PVST or fibrotic cord (
p
= 0.007;
p
= 0.002), but not those with mural PVST (
p
= 0.199;
p
= 0.797), had significantly higher serum CLEC-2 and galectin-1 levels than those without PVST. Patients with superior mesenteric vein thrombosis had significantly higher serum CLEC-2 (
p
= 0.013) and galectin-1 (
p
= 0.025) levels than those without PVST. Patients with main portal vein thrombosis had higher serum CLEC-2 (
p
= 0.020) and galectin-1 (
p
= 0.066) levels than those without PVST, but the difference in serum galectin-1 level was not significant between them.
Conclusion
Serum CLEC-2 and galectin-1 levels may be associated with the presence of PVST in HBV-related cirrhotic patients, but this association should be dependent upon the degree of PVST.
•Helium/hydrogen synergistic effect can increase irradiation swelling of RAFM steel.•Hydrogen can be trapped to the outer surface of helium bubbles.•Too large a helium bubble can become ...movable.•Point defects would become mobile and annihilate at dislocations at high temperature.•The peak swelling temperature for RAFM steel is 450°C.
In order to investigate the synergistic effect of helium and hydrogen on swelling in reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel, specimens were separately irradiated by single He+ beam and sequential He+ and H+ beams at different temperatures from 250 to 650°C. Transmission electron microscope observation showed that implantation of hydrogen into the specimens pre-irradiated by helium can result in obvious enhancement of bubble size and swelling rate which can be regarded as a consequence of hydrogen being trapped by helium bubbles. But when temperature increased, Ostwald ripening mechanism would become dominant, besides, too large a bubble could become mobile and swallow many tiny bubbles on their way moving, reducing bubble number density. And these effects were most remarkable at 450°C which was the peak bubble swelling temperature for RAMF steel. When temperature was high enough, say above 450, point defects would become mobile and annihilate at dislocations or surface. As a consequence, helium could no longer effectively diffuse and clustering in materials and bubble formation was suppressed. When temperature was above 500, helium bubbles would become unstable and decompose or migrate out of surface. Finally no bubble was observed at 650°C.
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