Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common genetic muscle disease. Affected muscles are characterized by abnormal acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering. Some studies have suggested that ...changes in AChR clusters are secondary to degenerative processes. In this study, we demonstrate that AChR cluster fragmentation and muscle degeneration are separate events. We compared AChR clusters and pathological features in mdx mice (mutated dystrophin) and dko mice (mutated dystrophin and utrophin). AChR clusters were identified by binding with α-bungarotoxin, and pathological features were observed by classical immunohistochemical techniques. AChR clusters in mdx and dko mice were reduced in number and exhibited structural fragmentation. However, AChR cluster fragmentation was not significantly different in mdx and dko mice, although more severe inflammatory infiltration and degeneration were observed in dko mice. Furthermore, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, which interacts with dystrophin to anchor itself at the sarcolemma, was notably reduced in mdx and dko mice. Fragmentation of AChR and muscle degeneration are separate events, and both are secondary results of destabilization on the sarcolemma and the cytoskeleton.
The Qimantagh area of Northwest China lies in the western part of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt and is characterized by extensive magmatism, particularly in the Triassic. However, recent research has ...shown that Devonian magmatism was also widespread in this area and has a genetic relationship with mineralization. This article presents a detailed study of three types of Early Devonian intrusions: high-K calc-alkaline granites, A-type granites, and mafic intrusions, all from the Qimantagh region. These rocks were subjected to precise zircon U-Pb dating, major and trace element analyses, and Sr-Nd isotope measurements, focusing on the Lalingzaohuo (eastern Qimantagh) and Yemaquan (central Qimantagh) monzogranites, as well as the coeval Tanbeixuefeng (western Qimantagh) mafic dike swarm. To better understand the Early Devonian igneous activity in the Eastern Kunlun, data for other coeval granitoids were compared with our data. The Yemaquan monzogranite yielded a mean zircon U-Pb age of 400.5 ± 1.4 Ma. These rocks are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous, with Al
2
O
3
contents of 13.10-14.16 wt.%, high alkali contents (total K
2
O + Na
2
O) of 6.89-7.68 wt.%, relatively low Sr contents (79-192 ppm), and high (La/Yb)
N
ratios, all of which indicate an I-type granite affinity. The Lalingzaohuo monzogranites yielded mean zircon U-Pb ages of 396.2-402.2 Ma. These rocks have higher SiO
2
and alkali contents than the Yemaquan monzogranite, with high 10,000 Ga/Al ratios, high Zr + Nb + Ce + Y contents, high Fe
2
O
3
T
/MgO ratios, and high Y contents, indicating an A-type granite affinity. These two monzogranites have initial
87
Sr/
86
Sr ratios of 0.703-0.706 and εNd(t) values of -0.1 to -0.7. The Sr-Nd isotopic data require a significant input of a mantle component in the petrogenesis of these granites. The Tanbeixuefeng diabase dikes formed at ~396 Ma and have a continental tholeiitic affinity, as evident from small Ti-Nb-Ta anomalies and high contents of light rare earth and large-ion lithophile elements. We propose that post-collisional slab break-off was responsible for the generation of these Early Devonian intrusions in the Qimantagh area.
The ability to capture the spatial dimensions of the world around us is growing in importance, with the widespread adoption of 3D-sensing used today for secure facial authentication, AR occlusion, ...robotic vision and SLAM, autonomous driving, and 3D-reconstruction. Most state-of-the-art light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems mainly focus on the sensor design 1-4. However, the optical-electrical system of LiDAR is complex, requiring hardware and software co-optimization across the entire signal chain: high-power sub-1ns pulsed laser drivers, high-efficiency lasers, class-1 laser eye-safety, optical lens for focusing or diffusion, high-SNR single-photon detection receiver arrays, and machine learning (ML) based computational photography.
CoMoO4·0.9H2O-based S–CoMoO bimetallic oxysulfide catalyst performed high catalytic activity after being synthesized by a facile method. Hydrazine used in synthesis drives the reduction of Mo6+ ...cations to Mo4+, while sulfur ion is introduced to balance the valence-charge deviations from electrical neutrality induced by high Mo4+ concentrations. Moreover, sulfur doping induces lattice strain to facilitate the creation of oxygen vacancies (Vo). Vo acts as an electron accommodation site and reaction active site for pollutant adsorption by promoting electron transfer and reacting with adsorbed pollutants. Additionally, electron hopping between Mo6+ and Mo4+ effectively facilitates the reaction rate. The S–CoMoO-3 with a suitable Mo4+/(Mo6++Mo4+) ratio of 0.46 exhibited remarkable performance, achieving a complete reduction of 100 ml 20 ppm 4-NP and 100 ml 50 ppm solutions of RhB and MO in 4 min, and 100 ml 20 ppm MB fully reducte it within 2 min. The Cr6+ reduction was achieved in 8 min with a kinetic rate constant of 28.33 min−1·g−1 for a pseudo-first-order reaction. After six rounds of repeated experiments, the catalyst still achieved a 98.67% reduction of Cr6+ within 8 min, demonstrating its excellent stability and durability and making it a promising candidate for reducing pollution in various industrial processes.
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•Sulfur-doped CoMoO6·0.9H2O bimetal sulfo-oxide catalyst was prepared by a facile method.•CoMoO6·0.9H2O catalyst exhibited fastly reduction of organics and heavy metal pollutants.•Suitable Mo4+/Mo6+ ratio achieved the faster carrier hopping between Mo4+ ↔ Mo6+.•Kinetic mechanism is proposed to explain the fast reduction of pollutant in dark.
With the development of agriculture, the protection of agricultural environment plays a critical role. Facing the status quo of unique environmental investment planning in our country's agriculture, ...through the existing theories and formulas, the functional model of the relationship between management investment and environmental loss is constructed, which is based on the monitoring data in many years. Then, the total optimized fund of environmental investment in agricultural projections will be determined from the aspect of optimizat ion. In this paper, some useful help for optimizing investment structure are provided to solve the problems of environmental investment deficiency in our agriculture.
Lane-change (LC) is one of the most important topics in autonomous vehicles (AVs) on highways. To enhance the implementation of effective LC in AVs, this paper proposes a framework based on deep ...reinforcement learning, which takes into account heuristic actions and multiple constraints related to the centerline of the road and speed, to improve the overall performance of LC in AVs. Firstly, the influence of unreasonable vehicle actions on the algorithm training process is studied. To improve the rationality of the to-be-trained actions, a novel reasonable action screening mechanism is proposed. Secondly, to keep the vehicle on the centerline of the lane and avoid the collision with other vehicles, a method is designed to calculate the center position of the vehicle. Thirdly, a segmented speed reward mechanism is proposed to constrain vehicle speed. Subsequently, a dynamic reward function is established to train the control algorithm. Lastly, the proposed strategy is evaluated in two simulation scenarios of highways. The simulation results show that the proposed method can increase the number of reasonable actions by more than 30% and improve the success rate of obstacle avoidance with the increase of over 52% in both static and dynamic scenarios compared with the benchmark algorithms.
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is common in renal transplantation, shock, and nephrolithotomy.
To quantitatively assess rabbit renal IRI with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and ...investigate associations between renal cortical time-intensity curve (TIC) parameters and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression.
Eighteen white rabbits were randomly assigned into control and IRI groups (n = 9 each), and CEUS examination was performed 24 h after modeling. TIC parameters including arrival time (AT), time to peak intensity (TTP), changes in peak intensity, area under the curve (AUC), and slope of the ascending TIC, and correlations between these parameters and ICAM-1 expression were evaluated with linear correlation analyses.
AT, TTP, and AUC were significantly increased in the IRI group (P < 0.05), and the slope of the ascending TIC was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). ICAM-1 content in the renal cortex was significantly increased in the IRI group (P < 0.05). In addition, the slope of the ascending TIC negatively correlated with renal ICAM-1 expression (r = -0.923, P < 0.01), whereas AT and TTP positively correlated with ICAM-1 expression (r = 0.697 and 0.892, both P < 0.01).
TIC parameters including the slope of the ascending TIC, AT, and TTP closely correlated with ICAM-1 in the renal cortex, and it is considered that the TIC can be used to quantitatively monitoring renal cortex blood perfusion and CEUS can be used to indirectly evaluate the degree of inflammatory reaction associated with renal IRI. CEUS may be a useful non-invasive method to identify inflammation caused by renal IRI-associated diseases.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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