•Incorporating different structures of Ag NPs in solution-processed WO3 layer.•The LSPR effect of metallic nanoparticles is represented by FDTD method.•Enhanced PCE are greatly increased by the LSPR ...effect of SiAgP and nAgPl.•Naked Ag nanoparticles decreased the PCE of PSCs due to the interface excitons quenching.•Avoiding interface excitons quenching is greatly needed for utilizing metallic NPS in PSCs.
In this article, we creatively incorporate naked Ag nanoparticles (nAgp), SiO2-covered Ag nanoparticles (SiAgp), and naked Ag nanoplates (nAgPl) into solution-processed tungsten oxide (WO3) hole transport layer in polymer solar cells (PSCs) to increase the light absorption through localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. With optimized doping concentrations, nAgp decreases power conversion efficiency (PCE), however, SiAgp increases PCE by 13.2% and nAgPl increases PCE by 19.7%. In detail, the great PCEs discrepancies are mainly caused by the discrepancies of short circuit currents (Jsc). The experiments results indicate that the naked surface of nAgp causes the exciton-quenching to decrease the Jsc of PSCs. Whereas the capsulation of SiO2 at the surface of nAgp and the embedment of nAgPl in WO3 layer can prevent the exciton-quenching and help to use LSPR effect of Ag nano-dopants to enhance the Jsc of PSCs.
Background: Medical defense against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats should be established through systematic education in college and career development training to ...counter the response successfully. Methods: Taking the course of Medical Countermeasures against CBRN Weapons is compulsorily for all military medical students in the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA). In the present study, a modularized course for field training of Chemical Defense Medicine is provided, which is an important part of the Integrated Military Medicine Exercise (IMME) conducted annually in PLA military medical university. Discussion: The established modules are functionally designed as passing through a contaminated area with protective posture, operating chemical defense equipment, battlefield rescue after a chemical attack, and early treatment of chemically contaminated casualties. This modularized training is task-oriented, function-based, and integrate with a functional drill, which provides an example in the training of CBRN defense medicine.
CO 2 electroreduction is a promising technique for the management of the global carbon balance by low-grade renewable electricity. However, the lack of highly efficient and selective catalysts has ...hampered the development of this area. Herein, we report a poly-phenylenediamine-derived atomically dispersed Ni catalyst as a highly efficient and selective electrocatalyst for the conversion of CO 2 to CO. The catalyst facilitates efficient production of CO with high faradaic efficiency (FE) (90%) and a large current density of 11.6 mA cm −2 at −0.8 V compared to a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). An excellent turnover frequency (TOF) of 3079 h −1 for the electroreduction of CO 2 was also achieved at −0.8 V vs. RHE.
A two-dimensional calibration technique is proposed to reduce fixed-pattern noise in infrared thermal images for extending dynamic range of sampling integration time. Traditional two-point ...calibration generates correction coefficients by irradiance of two reference temperatures, providing excellent spatial noise performance for the predetermined sampling integration time. To break the limitation of invariable integration time, two-dimensional calibration is proposed, which generates correction coefficients not only under irradiance of two temperatures, but also with two integration times. By exploring information from both temperature and integration, the new approach can reduce fixed-pattern noise for different sampling integration time, requiring same computation complexity and hardware consumption as conventional two-point calibration. In experiments with infrared camera, the proposed method suppresses fixed-pattern noise to a low level with same correction coefficients for sampling integration time changing from 0.4 ms to 1.6 ms. Compared to traditional calibration-based approaches, the presented scheme extends dynamic range of integration time by four times.
The p75 neurotrophin receptor, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is required as a co-receptor for the Nogo receptor (NgR) to mediate the activity of myelin-associated ...inhibitors such as Nogo, MAG, and OMgp. p45/NRH2/PLAIDD is a p75 homologue and contains a death domain (DD). Here we report that p45 markedly interferes with the function of p75 as a co-receptor for NgR. P45 forms heterodimers with p75 and thereby blocks RhoA activation and inhibition of neurite outgrowth induced by myelin-associated inhibitors. p45 binds p75 through both its transmembrane (TM) domain and DD. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we have determined the three-dimensional NMR solution structure of the intracellular domain of p45 and characterized its interaction with p75. We have identified the residues involved in such interaction by NMR and co-immunoprecipitation. The DD of p45 binds the DD of p75 by electrostatic interactions. In addition, previous reports suggested that Cys257 in the p75 TM domain is required for signaling. We found that the interaction of the cysteine 58 of p45 with the cysteine 257 of p75 within the TM domain is necessary for p45-p75 heterodimerization. These results suggest a mechanism involving both the TM domain and the DD of p45 to regulate p75-mediated signaling.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Gene expression profiles of crypt and villus early after IR were characterized.•Activated P53, DNA damage, and apoptosis in stem cells/progenitors.•Transit amplifying cells retained Ki67 expression ...with less P53 activation and apoptosis.
Cells respond differently to DNA damaging agents, which may related to cell context and differentiation status. The aim of present study was to observe the cellular and molecular responses of cells in different differentiation status to ionizing irradiation (IR).
Crypt-villus unit of murine small intestine was adopted as a cell differentiation model. DNA damage responses (DDRs) of crypt and villus were observed 1–24h after 12Gy IR using gene expression microarray analysis, immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay.
Microarray analysis revealed that most differentially expressed genes were related to p53 signaling pathway in crypt 4h after IR and in both crypt and villus 24h after IR. In crypt stem cells/progenitor cells, H2AX was phosphorylated and dephosphorylated quickly, Ki67 attenuated, cell apoptosis enhanced, phosphorylated P53 increased and translocated into nuclear with the ability to bind p53-specific sequence. In upper crypt (transit amplifying cells) and crypt-villus junction, cells kept survive and proliferate as indicated by retained Ki67 expression, suppressed p53 activation, and rare apoptosis.
DDRs varied with cell differentiation status and cell function in small intestinal epithelium. P53 signaling pathway could be an important regulatory mechanism of DDRs.
Vapor-phase selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde was carried out over Ir/TiO
2
catalysts with different Ir contents prepared by an impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray ...powder diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra of CO adsorption (CO-DRIFTS), NH
3
temperature-programmed desorption (NH
3
-TPD), Raman spectroscopy and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO). It was found that with increasing Ir content in Ir/TiO
2
, both the activity (TOF) and selectivity to crotyl alcohol first increased and then slightly decreased. The 3 % Ir/TiO
2
catalyst showed the highest activity, (with a TOF of 9.3 × 10
−3
s
−1
) and the highest selectivity to crotyl alcohol (74.6 %) in the hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde. The results of CO-DRIFTS indicated that the reduced catalyst contains a mixture of Ir
0
and Ir
δ+
. It was concluded that the catalytic performance of the catalysts depended on the strength of surface acidity and the Ir particles size for the selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde to crotyl alcohol.
The cubic PbS nanoflowers were successfully synthesized by the biomolecule-assisted method in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide. This is an effective, simple and green synthetic method for ...the preparation of nanomaterials. It is noteworthy that the dosage of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and chitosan as well as appropriate reaction time and pressure of system are crucial to form the unusual nanoflower structured PbS. The unique nanoflowers have numerous petals, which grow along the < 100 > direction as a single crystal. Especially, the nanoflower PbS indicates better sensitivity to the laser power via Raman spectra. Although the product size of PbS obtained is larger than the Bohr radius, its UV-vis absorption spectrum shows a remarkable blue-shift from that of bulk PbS due to quantum-confinement effects.
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