Exploration of effective ways to integrate various functional species into hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) is critically important for their applications but highly challenging. In this ...study, according to the “bottle‐around‐ship” strategy, core–shell heterostructure of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and HOFs was fabricated for the first time via a ligand‐grafting stepwise method. The UCNPs “core” can effectively upconvert near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation (980 nm) into visible light (540 nm and 653 nm), which further excites the perylenediimide‐based HOF “shell” through resonance energy transfer. In this way, the nanocomposite inherits the high porosity, excellent photothermal and photodynamic efficiency, NIR photoresponse from two parent materials, achieving intriguing NIR‐responsive bacterial inhibition toward Escherichia coli. This study may shed light on the design of functional HOF‐based composite materials, not only enriching the HOF library but also broadening the horizon of their potential applications.
In this study, core–shell heterostructures of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) were fabricated via a stepwise ligand‐grafting method. The UCNP “core” can effectively upconvert near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation into visible ranges, which can further excite the HOF “shell” to achieve near‐infrared‐responsive photothermal and photodynamic bacterial inhibition.
•Propose the VGASM reliability evaluation concept for reliability assessment.•Develop the VGAK reliability evaluation method for multi-objective reliability estimation.•The VGAK reliability ...evaluation method is validated from mathematical and engineering aspects.•Provide valuable insight for the engineering structural systems reliability design.
To effectively evaluate the multi-objective reliability of engineering structural systems, the vectorial generative adversarial surrogate modeling (VGASM) reliability evaluation concept is proposed by integrating the surrogate model, matrix theory, generate adversarial strategy, Copula thought, and linkage sampling technology. In this concept, the surrogate model is employed as a basis function; the matrix theory is applied to establish the vectors and cell arrays of variables and hyperparameters; the generate adversarial strategy is adopted to determine the hyperparameters; the Copula thought and linkage sampling technology are utilized to simultaneously implement multi-objective correlated reliability analysis. Under this concept, the vectorial generative adversarial Kriging (VGAK) reliability evaluation method is developed by combining the Kriging model with VGASM reliability evaluation concept. In addition, a mathematical example and two engineering cases (i.e., aeroengine exhaust gas temperature and turbine blisk multi-failures) are employed to validate the proposed method. The reliability devel of aeroengine exhaust gas temperature and turbine blisk are 0.9989 and 0.9984, when the allowable values of EGT, deformation, and strain are 950 °C, 1.9253 × 10−3 m, and 5.2898 × 10−3 m. Besides, the presented method holds excellent modeling and simulation properties by comparing multiple methods. The study can provide theoretical references for the multi-objective reliability evaluation of engineering structural systems.
Summary
Despite a much higher proportion of intragenic heterochromatin‐containing genes in crop genomes, the importance of intragenic heterochromatin in crop development remains unclear. Intragenic ...heterochromatin can be recognised by a protein complex, ASI1–AIPP1–EDM2 (AAE) complex, to regulate alternative polyadenylation.
Here, we investigated the impact of rice ASI1 on global poly(A) site usage through poly(A) sequencing and ASI1‐dependent regulation on rice development.
We found that OsASI1 is essential for rice pollen development and flowering. OsASI1 dysfunction has an important impact on global poly(A) site usage, which is closely related to heterochromatin marks. Intriguingly, OsASI1 interacts with the intronic heterochromatin of OsXRNL, a nuclear XRN family exonuclease gene involved in the processing of an miRNA precursor, to promote the processing of full‐length OsXRNL and regulate miRNA abundance. We found that OsASI1‐mediated regulation of pollen development partially depends on OsXRNL. Finally, we characterised the rice AAE complex and its involvement in alternative polyadenylation and pollen development.
Our findings help to elucidate an epigenetic mechanism governing miRNA abundance and rice development, and provide a valuable resource for studying the epigenetic mechanisms of many important processes in crops.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to briefly summarize and review the theories and methods of complex structures’ dynamic reliability. Complex structures are usually assembled from multiple ...components and subjected to time-varying loads of aerodynamic, structural, thermal and other physical fields; its reliability analysis is of great significance to ensure the safe operation of large-scale equipment such as aviation and machinery.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper for the single-objective dynamic reliability analysis of complex structures, the calculation can be categorized into Monte Carlo (MC), outcrossing rate, envelope functions and extreme value methods. The series-parallel and expansion methods, multi-extremum surrogate models and decomposed-coordinated surrogate models are summarized for the multiobjective dynamic reliability analysis of complex structures.FindingsThe numerical complex compound function and turbine blisk are used as examples to illustrate the performance of single-objective and multiobjective dynamic reliability analysis methods. Then the future development direction of dynamic reliability analysis of complex structures is prospected.Originality/valueThe paper provides a useful reference for further theoretical research and engineering application.
•STMF is developed for system reliability analysis considering failure correlation.•The joint optimum of empirical risk and expected loss is realized by MSM of STMF.•The correlation measurement ...hierarchy is established by MTM of STMF.•STMF is verified by analysis of turbine bladed disk.•STMF holds superior accuracy and efficiency in reliability analysis.
To improve the efficiency and accuracy of complex system reliability analysis considering failure correlation, a selective transmit modeling framework (STMF) is proposed by integrating multi-stage selective modeling (MSM) strategy with multi-failure transmit modeling (MTM) architecture. In MSM, the modeling quality of multi-learner is discussed to establish the optimal functional relationship between multi-variable and multi-response by considering the suitability of modeling samples, and the fitting performance of copula functions is quantified to construct the optimal correlation model between multi-failure through distance measure. For MTM, the correlation sequence measurement structure of multiple modes is established to construct the joint reliability analysis model of complex structure by updating iteratively the margin distribution functions with the strongest correlation. Taking the turbine bladed disk as study object, the validation of the proposed STMF is verified by comparing with other methods. The analytical results of study case can be expressed as that (i) STMF holds the superior performance in modeling accuracy and time-consuming, at 2.6308 × 10-2 and 0.4638 s respectively; (ii) STMF also has the best property in simulation, separately at 2.2123 s in simulation efficiency and at 99.9899 % in simulation precision; (iii) the reliability 0.9876 of study case obtained by STMF is higher than the reliability 0.9855 that depends on the mutual independence assumption. The effort of this work is prominent to promote effectively the quantification of multi-failure correlation and the improvement of reliability analysis performance for complex systems.
LanGui tea, a traditional Chinese medicine formulation comprising of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl, and Ampelopsis grossedentata (Hand-Mazz) W.T. Wang, has ...yet to have its potential contributions to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) fully elucidated. Consequently, the objective of this research is to investigate the protective properties of LanGui tea against binge alcohol-induced ALD and the mechanisms underlying its effects.
An experimental model of acute alcohol-induced liver disease was performed to assess the protective effects of extract of LanGui tea (ELG) at both 50 and 100 mg.kg
dosages on male C57BL/6 mice. Various parameters, including hepatic histological changes, inflammation, lipids content, as well as liver enzymes and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in the serum were measured. The pharmacological mechanisms of ELG, specifically its effects on adenosine monophosphate-(AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling, were investigated through Western blotting, qRT-PCR, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence analyses, and by blocking the AMPK activity.
ELG demonstrated a mitigating effect on fatty liver, inflammation, and hepatic dysfunction within the mouse model. This effect was achieved by activating AMPK signaling and inhibitingNLRP3 signaling in the liver, causing a reduction in IL-1β generation. In vitro studies further confirmed that ELG inhibited cell damage and IL-1β production in ethanol-induced hepatocytes by enhancing AMPK-NLRP3 signaling. Conversely, the pharmacological inhibition of AMPK activity nearly abrogated such alteration.
Thus, LanGui tea emerges as a promising herbal therapy for ALD management involving AMPK-NLRP3 signaling.
Rice is highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Recently, the frequent occurrence of high temperature stress has heavily influenced rice production. Proper heading date in specific ...environmental conditions could ensure high grain yield. Rice heading greatly depends on the accurate measurement of environmental changes, particularly in day length and temperature. In contrary to the detailed understanding of the photoperiod pathway, little has been known about how temperature regulates the genetic control of rice heading.
Near isogenic lines that were segregated for qHd1, were developed from a cross between indica rice varieties Zhenshan 97 (ZS97) and Milyang 46 (MY46). Using a five sowing-date experiment in the paddy field, we observed the involvement of qHd1 in temperature responses. With the gradual increase of temperature from Trial I to V, heading date of MY46 homozygotes continued to decrease for about 5 d per trial from 76 to 58 d, while that of ZS97 homozygotes was promoted at the same rate from Trial I to III and then stabilized at 69 d. This thermal response was confirmed in a temperature-gradient experiment conducted in the phytotron. It is also found that tolerance of the ZS97 allele to heading acceleration at high temperature was associated with higher grain weight that resulted in higher grain yield. Then, by qRT-PCR and RNA-seq, we found the pathway OsMADS51-Ehd1-RFT1/Hd3a underlying the qHd1-mediated floral response to temperature. By sequence comparison, OsMADS51 for qHd1 displayed a 9.5-kb insertion in the 1st intron of the ZS97 allele compared to the MY46 allele. Furthermore, this large insertion is commonly found in major early-season indica rice varieties, but not in the middle- and late-season ones, which corresponds to the requirement for high-temperature tolerance during the heading and grain-filling stages of early-season rice.
Beneficial alleles at qHd1 confer tolerance to high temperatures at the heading and grain-filling stages, playing a significant role in the eco-geographical adaptation of early-season indica rice during modern breeding. These results, together with the underlying OsMADS51-Ehd1-RFT1/Hd3a floral pathway, provide valuable information for better understanding the molecular mechanism of temperature responsive regulation of heading date and yield traits in rice.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LG) is rapidly gaining popularity owing to its minimal invasiveness. Previous studies have found that compared with two-dimensional (2D)-LG, ...three-dimensional (3D)-LG showed better short-term outcomes. However, the long-term oncological outcomes in patients with locally resectable gastric cancer (GC) remain controversial.
Methods
In this noninferiority, open-label, randomized clinical trial, a total of 438 eligible GC participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either 3D-LG or 2D-LG from January 2015 to April 2016. The primary endpoint was operating time, while the secondary endpoints included 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and recurrence pattern.
Results
Data from 401 participants were included in the per-protocol analysis, with 204 patients in the 3D group and 197 patients in the 2D group. The 5-year OS and DFS rates were comparable between the 3D and 2D groups (5-year OS: 70.6% vs. 71.1%, Log-rank
P
= 0.743; 5-year DFS: 68.1% vs. 69.0%, log-rank
P
= 0.712). No significant differences were observed between the 3D and 2D groups in the 5-year recurrence rate (28.9% vs. 28.9%,
P
= 0.958) or recurrence time (mean time, 22.6 vs. 20.5 months,
P
= 0.412). Further stratified analysis based on the type of gastrectomy, postoperative pathological staging, and preoperative BMI showed that the 5-year OS, DFS, and recurrence rates of the 3D group in each subgroup were similar to those of the 2D group (all
P
> 0.05).
Conclusions
For patients with locally resectable GC, 3D-LG performed by experienced surgeons in high-volume professional institutions can achieve long-term oncological outcomes comparable to those of 2D-LG.
Registration number
NCT02327481 (
http://clinicaltrials.gov
).
Graphical abstract
In the process of bone tissue regeneration, regulation of osteogenesis–angiogenesis coupling is of great importance. Therefore, dimethyloxallyl glycine (DMOG) is loaded by nanoscale zeolitic ...imidazolate frameworks‐8 (ZIF‐8) to obtain a drug‐loading system that can promote osteogenesis–angiogenesis coupling. Characterization of the drug‐loading nanoparticles (DMOG@ZIF‐8) reveals that DMOG is successfully loaded into ZIF‐8 by two different methods, and the DMOG@ZIF‐8 is prepared using the one‐pot method (OD@ZIF‐8) achieves higher loading efficiency and longer release time than those prepared using the post‐loading method (PD@ZIF‐8). In vitro studies found that DMOG@ZIF‐8 significantly enhances the migration, tube formation, and angiogenesis‐related protein secretion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells as well as the extracellular matrix mineralization, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteogenesis‐related protein secretion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, OD@ZIF‐8 nanoparticles are more efficient than PD@ZIF‐8 nanoparticles in induction of osteogenesis–angiogenesis coupling. Then, in vivo cranial critical defect model shows that the addition of OD@ZIF‐8 significantly promotes vascularized bone formation as indicated by the results including microcomputed tomographic, histological and immunofluorescence staining, and so on. Taken together, loading ZIF‐8 with DMOG may be a promising solution for critical‐sized bone defect reconstruction and the one‐pot method is preferred in the preparation of such drug‐loading system.
Dimethyloxallyl glycine
(DMOG)@zeolitic imidazolate frameworks‐8 (ZIF‐8) nanoparticles (NPs) are successfully synthesized by using two methods; the one‐pot method and post‐loading method. The drug‐loading NPs prepared using the one‐pot method show higher loading efficiency and slower release kinetics and contribute to better ability to promote vascularized bone regeneration. Further studies reveal that the drug‐loading NPs promote vascularized bone regeneration mainly through activation of MAPK and PI3K‐AKT signaling pathways.
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