This study investigates the emotions experienced by primary teachers in Hong Kong and Mainland China schools and develops a Teacher Emotion Inventory (TEI). Through surveying 254 teachers in a pilot ...study and 1830 teachers in the main study, a 5-factor TEI (i.e., Joy, Love, Sadness, Anger, and Fear) is identified using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. This model portrays primary teachers enjoying positive interactions with students and colleagues, recognition from school, family and public, but experiencing negative emotions in relation to unfair treatment, competition among colleagues, imbalance of work lives, and pressure from society, policy, and educational change.
•A teacher emotion inventory with five factors is developed.•It is reported Joy as the most frequently experienced emotion, Love as the least frequently experienced emotion.•Most pleasant emotions are related to classroom and collegial interactions.•Most unpleasant ones are associated with educational policies, changes, and imbalance of teachers' lives.
Studies on teacher emotion have steadily become more prominent. However, it has been observed that scholarship on teacher emotion has been dominated by contributions from Western societies. In the ...absence of a critical mass of empirical research generated from within the region such as Asia, lack of knowledge and capacity to inform policy and practice in teacher education and evaluation mechanism.
The current study sought to mirror the patterns of knowledge production in teacher emotion in terms of research topics, types, and methods and how they have evolved over time in Asia between 1989 and 2018. By using a descriptive quantitative analysis approach, we review a corpus of 154 articles on teacher emotion published in peer-review journals in Asia. It began with a systematic search in seven widely used electronic databases for abstracts of potentially relevant studies.
As observed, the trend represents a sea change in the volume of publications in Asia although the overall volume of research is still relatively low. Results also identify that although quantitative methods were most commonly used, the findings reveal a more balanced distribution since 1993. Furthermore, the use of qualitative and mixed methods of research has undergone a marked increase in the past 10 years. However, as the majority of articles were exploratory-oriented, intervention and experimental studies were largely lacking, which resulted in the 'so-what' story being missing.
A functionalist perspective suggests that knowledge production in teacher emotion research in Asia is either at the late first stage or the emerging second stage. Recommendations have been provided based on the major results and challenges.
•A flexible optimal experiment design framework is developed.•The optimized network provides sufficient information with high data worth.•The monitoring locations are optimized for enhancing plume ...characterization.•The test duration is selected with information entropy and parameter uncertainty.
This study develops an integrated framework to guide the monitoring network optimization and duration selection for solute transport in heterogeneous sand tank experiments. The method is designed based on entropy and data worth analysis. Numerical models are applied to approach prior observation datasets and to support optimization analysis. Several candidate monitoring locations are synthetically assumed in numerical models. Entropy analysis considers local scale heterogeneity in experiment and identifies stable monitoring locations through extracting maximum information and minimizing optimization redundancies. Data worth analysis quantifies the potential of observation data to reduce the uncertainty of key parameters and selects the monitoring locations with higher data worth. Final monitoring network comprises of optimized monitoring locations obtained based on entropy and data worth analysis. A lab-scale tracer experiment is presented to explore the applicability of the proposed framework. Results show that the optimized monitoring network can accurately characterize the distribution of contaminant plumes in 3D domains and provides estimation of key flow and transport parameters (e.g., hydraulic conductivity and dispersivity). With the extension of experiment time, the total information of monitoring network is maximized, while the uncertainty of key parameters is minimized. The recommended experimental duration is the time by which both joint entropy and parameter variation coefficients are stabilized. Our developed methodology can be used as a flexible and powerful tool to design more complex transport experiments at different spatiotemporal scales.
Understanding how teacher leaders are engaged in curriculum affairs is critical with the implementation of instructional decentralization. The current study adopts a qualitative approach to ...investigate Teaching Research Group (TRG) leaders’ involvement in curriculum leadership (CL) in the Chinese context. It explores the conceptions of TRG leaders by interviewing 20 of them, observing four meetings held by TRG leaders, and collecting 10 extracts from appraisal summaries of TRG leaders in secondary schools in China. Drawing on the findings, this paper examines the characteristics of TRG leader’s engagement in CL. More importantly, data highlighted significant problems the participants perceived and faced in their work as TRG leaders, which consisted of amplifying the necessity for empowering TRG leaders and identifying the phenomenon that said leaders are less empowered and less motivated to undertake the CL role. The results add to the international body of knowledge on the teachers’ engagement in CL.
Background
Research into teacher emotion has attracted increasing attention in the last two decades. The relevance of teacher emotion in education has been highlighted. However, evidence of how ...teacher emotions impact their teaching approaches is rather limited.
Aims
This study investigated the relationship between two self‐report instruments – the Teacher Emotion Inventory and the Approach to Teaching.
Sample
There were 1,830 teachers were approached from 43 primary schools in China and 12 primary schools in Hong Kong.
Methods
Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modelling were utilized in the analysis procedure.
Results
As a result, a five‐factor TEI model was identified with two positive factors (Joy and Love) and three negative factors (Sadness, Anger, and Fear). A ATI model involved was confirmed with three factors (Knowledge Transmission, Student‐Teacher Interaction, and Student Focus). Structural equation modelling demonstrated that more student‐centred approaches are the consequence of positive teacher emotions while a teacher‐centred approach is the consequence of negative teacher emotions although there are two surprising links.
Conclusions
Identifying this pattern of relationships will contribute to understanding the reasons why new teaching strategies are often not adopted despite well‐designed professional programs and educational reform and will provide implications for teaching improvement through teacher emotion.
Growing competition in tight job market and academic excellence as a social norm in Asian culture have made Chinese college students burdened with immense academic stress.
This study aimed to explore ...the associations between academic stress and depression, and the mediating roles of negative affect and sleep quality, as well as the moderating role of social support in the relationship between negative affect and sleep quality.
A convenience sample of 221 male and 479 female college students aged between 17 and 25 completed questionnaires on academic stress, depression, negative affect, sleep quality and social support.
Results indicated that academic stress could not only directly affect depression (b = 0.31, p < 001), but also affect depression through the mediation role of negative affect and sleep quality. The chain mediating effects includes three paths, namely, the mediating role of negative affect (indirect effect = 0.21, percentage of total effect = 69.58 %), the mediating role of sleep quality (indirect effect = 0.06, percentage of total effect = 21.03 %), and the chain mediating role of negative affect and sleep quality (indirect effect = 0.06, percentage of total effect = 19.86 %). Social support moderated the adverse influence of negative affect on sleep quality. Social support decreases the impact of negative affect on sleep quality. Specifically, the association between negative affect and sleep quality was stronger for college students with low (bsimple = 0.44, p < 0.001) social support than those with high (bsimple = 0.32, p < 0.001) social support.
The results advanced our understanding of how academic stress affects college students' depression. These findings provide implications on the cultivation of stress coping strategies, promotion of emotion regulation skills, exaltation of sleep quality, and improvement of the social support level aiming for future depression preventions and interventions. Specific measures include setting up psychological health courses, teaching emotion management strategies, and establishing web-based programme steming from acceptance and commitment therapy. It should be noted that the cross-sectional design means the causal associations among the variables could not be determined.
•Academic stress could affect depression through the chain mediation role of negative affect and sleep quality.•Social support moderated the adverse influence of negative affect on sleep quality.•The association between negative affect and sleep quality was stronger for college students with low social support.
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a prevalent tumor that affects many people worldwide. Radiotherapy is a common treatment option, but its efficacy varies greatly. This study seeks to validate ...the identified gene signature associated with radiosensitivity in TSCC, and its potential in predicting radiotherapy response and prognosis.BackgroundTongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a prevalent tumor that affects many people worldwide. Radiotherapy is a common treatment option, but its efficacy varies greatly. This study seeks to validate the identified gene signature associated with radiosensitivity in TSCC, and its potential in predicting radiotherapy response and prognosis.We analyzed 122 TSCC patients from TCGA database using the radiosensitivity signature and classified them into radiosensitive (RS) and radioresistant (RR) groups. Immune infiltration analysis methods were applied to investigate the immune status between different subgroups. Immunophenotype Score (IPS) and pRRophetic algorithm were employed to estimate the efficiency of treatment. A radioresistant TSCC cell line was established by gradually increasing radiation doses. Cell radiosensitivity was evaluated using the CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The expression of radiosensitivity-related genes was validated by qRT-PCR.MethodsWe analyzed 122 TSCC patients from TCGA database using the radiosensitivity signature and classified them into radiosensitive (RS) and radioresistant (RR) groups. Immune infiltration analysis methods were applied to investigate the immune status between different subgroups. Immunophenotype Score (IPS) and pRRophetic algorithm were employed to estimate the efficiency of treatment. A radioresistant TSCC cell line was established by gradually increasing radiation doses. Cell radiosensitivity was evaluated using the CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The expression of radiosensitivity-related genes was validated by qRT-PCR.Our study validated the predictive capacity of a previously identified "31-gene signature" in the TCGA-TSCC cohort, which effectively stratified patients into RS and RR groups. We observed that the RS group exhibited superior overall survival and progression-free survival rates relative to the RR group when treated with radiotherapy. The RS group was significantly enriched in most immune-related hallmark pathways, and may therefore benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the RS group displayed lower sensitivity to first-line chemotherapy. A radioresistant TSCC cell line (CAL-27R) exhibited increased clonogenic potential and cell viability following irradiation, accompanied by downregulation of three radiosensitivity-related genes compared to its parental non-resistant cell (CAL-27). In addition, we constructed and validated a radiosensitivity-related prognostic index (PI) using 4 radiosensitivity-related genes associated with TSCC prognosis.ResultsOur study validated the predictive capacity of a previously identified "31-gene signature" in the TCGA-TSCC cohort, which effectively stratified patients into RS and RR groups. We observed that the RS group exhibited superior overall survival and progression-free survival rates relative to the RR group when treated with radiotherapy. The RS group was significantly enriched in most immune-related hallmark pathways, and may therefore benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the RS group displayed lower sensitivity to first-line chemotherapy. A radioresistant TSCC cell line (CAL-27R) exhibited increased clonogenic potential and cell viability following irradiation, accompanied by downregulation of three radiosensitivity-related genes compared to its parental non-resistant cell (CAL-27). In addition, we constructed and validated a radiosensitivity-related prognostic index (PI) using 4 radiosensitivity-related genes associated with TSCC prognosis.We assessed the ability of the radiosensitivity gene signature to predict outcomes in TSCC patients. our research provided valuable insights into the molecular pathways associated with radiosensitivity in TSCC and offered clinicians a practical tool to predict patient radiotherapy effectiveness and prognosis.ConclusionWe assessed the ability of the radiosensitivity gene signature to predict outcomes in TSCC patients. our research provided valuable insights into the molecular pathways associated with radiosensitivity in TSCC and offered clinicians a practical tool to predict patient radiotherapy effectiveness and prognosis.
This review study aims at providing a fine-grained picture of the research from 1985 to 2019 on teacher emotions. A narrative approach was adopted to undertake the review of 812 articles. The method ...was constructed under the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Based on evidence drawn from existing models and the literature, this review constructed a refined Teacher Emotion Model. This Teacher Emotion Model represents a dynamic, interrelated relation among different elements with one-way, reciprocal and correlative relations between antecedents, teacher emotions and consequences. Implications with regard to theory and foci for future research are then discussed.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Prosocial behaviour is a bedrock of humane societies. Although previous studies have shown that parental style is an important contributing factor for children's prosocial behaviour, the ...psychological mechanism underlying this association in specific cultural background remains unclear. Based on the ecological systems theory, this study sought to explore the influence of parental warmth on children's prosocial behaviour, and the mediating effect of self-efficacy, as well as the moderating role of teachers' incentive evaluation in the link between self-efficacy and children's prosocial behaviour. This cross-sectional, survey-based study collected data from parents and teachers of 414 Chinese preschoolers (5–6 years old). Parents of these children finished questionnaires on the Chinese version of the short-form Egna minnen av. Barndoms uppfostran (s-EMBU-C), Child Behaviour Scale (CBS), and the revised General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES), while Incentive evaluation questionnaire was finished by their teachers. Results indicated that children who experience high parental warmth were more likely to act prosocially (b = 0.61, p < 0.001) and the association between parental warmth and prosocial behaviour was partially mediated by self-efficacy (indirect effect = 0.25, 95 % CI = 0.19, 0.32). Besides, teachers' incentive evaluation moderated the link between self-efficacy and children's prosocial behaviour (b = 0.24, p < 0.001). Specifically, the effect of self-efficacy on prosocial behaviour was stronger for high teachers' incentive evaluation children than those with low teachers' incentive evaluation. These findings extend the existing understanding of the mechanism concerning the influence of parental warmth on prosocial behaviour in Chinese settings. The results revealed that interventions that could improve children's self-efficacy would be effective in accelerating their prosocial behaviour and schools played a crucial role in working with families to increase their self-efficacy at a young age. It should be noted that this study focused only on Chinese children of 5–6 years old, and the cross-sectional design means that the possibility of bidirectional effects could not be ruled out.
•Parental warmth was significantly and positively associated with prosocial behaviour.•Self-efficacy mediated the relationship between parental warmth and prosocial behaviour.•Teachers' incentive evaluation moderated the association between self-efficacy and children's prosocial behaviour.•The path from self-efficacy to prosocial behaviour was significant for children with high teachers' incentive evaluation.
Abstract
Background
The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with other therapeutic strategies have shown exciting results in various malignancies, and ICIs have now become the gold standard ...for current cancer treatment. In several preclinical and clinical investigations, ablation coupled with immunotherapy has proved to be quite effective. Our previous studies have shown that ablation coupled with ICI is a potential anti-cancer regimen for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). Furthermore, we have reported that following microwave ablation (MWA), the expression of LAG3 is up-regulated in tumor microenvironment (TME), indicating that LAG3 is implicated in the regulation of immunosuppressive immune response, and combination therapy of MWA and LAG3 blockade can serve as a promising therapeutic strategy against cancer.
Methods
The expression of LAG3 was investigated in this study utilizing a preclinical mouse model treated with MWA. Moreover, we monitored the tumor development and survival in mice to assess the anti-cancer effects of MWA alone or in combination with LAG3 blockade. Flow cytometry was also used to phenotype the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CD8
+
T cell effector molecules. We finally analyzed the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of infiltrating CD45
+
immune cells in the tumors from the MWA alone and MWA combined with LAG3 blockade groups.
Results
After MWA, the expression of LAG3 was up-regulated on sub-populations of TILs, and introducing LAG3 blockade to MWA postponed tumor development and extended survival in the MC38 tumor model. Flow cytometry and scRNA-seq revealed that LAG3 blockade in combination with MWA markedly boosted the proliferation and the function of CD8
+
TILs, leading to altered myeloid cells in the TME.
Conclusion
Combination therapy of LAG3 blockade and MWA was a unique therapeutic regimen for some solid tumors, and such combination therapy might reprogram the TME to an anti-tumor manner.
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