We propose and demonstrate a novel and effective supervisory scheme to monitor the optical-path routing at the optical cross connects in all-optical transport networks. Any error in optical-path ...routing due to failure in the cross connect can be detected without tapping off the power at the data wavelengths, and no dedicated monitoring light source is required. The scheme supports in-service surveillance. It can facilitate the network management in the optical layer of all-optical and reconfigurable transport networks.
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) provides better long-term patency than percutaneous intervention in patients with significant coronary artery disease. The radial artery is the second most ...common arterial conduit used for CABG in Western countries. However, radial artery harvesting necessitates a large surgical wound and has gained few patients' acceptance in subtropical areas. This study investigated the use of the minimally invasive approach of endoscopic radial artery harvest for CABG, and the surgical results at the harvest site.
An endoscopic harvest program for radial arteries was implemented in this hospital in September 2003. During the first 12 months of the program until September 2004, 122 patients underwent the procedure. Preoperative evaluation included Allen's test and the modified palmar arch perfusion test. The age of patients ranged from 32 to 88 years old. Patients were excluded from participation if they had undergone recent transradial catheterization, had end-stage renal disease or documented peripheral artery occlusive disease. The VasoView(r) system was utilized for the procedure. Details of the surgical techniques used were recorded and analyzed.
Using the endoscopic technique, 122 radial arteries were harvested successfully. The mean resting length of the harvested radial artery was 15.7 cm. No obvious arterial injury was visually confirmed. All radial arteries were used for CABG, except for two which were noted to have atherosclerotic plaques causing stenoses. Forty-seven patients presented with mild numbness over the dorsum of the thumb base, which improved significantly during the 3-month follow-up. No arterial insufficiency in the forearms or hands was noted.
Endoscopic harvest of the radial artery is technically demanding, but excellent results can be achieved. The endoscopic approach can provide suitable conduits in a less invasive way than the open harvest technique.
Changes in human life style have increased the incidence of obesity which has become a risk factor to human health. In Taiwan, the annual production of
Citrus grandis
L. reaches 75 000 tons, while ...the amount of waste fruits could reach 5%. We propose that abundant phytochemicals present in the wastes can be beneficial to attenuate obesity with hyperlipidemia. An animal Wistar rat model showed that pomelo flesh, peels, carpel (the segmental membrane), as well as the essential oil attenuated obesity as well as hyperlipidemia, and the AMPK-SREBP-PPARS pathway was involved. To further verify the mechanism, a HepG2 cell model was used to test some representative pomelo phytonutrients including limonene (Ln), γ-terpinene (γT),
p
-synephrine (SP), β-sitosterol (βS), and hesperidin (Hn). Data interestingly revealed it to be a multiple mechanism of anti-lipogenic bioactivity
via
downregulating the enzymes involved in both the cholesterol and triacylglyceride
de novo
biosynthesis (in the order of decreasing bioactivity): acetyl CoA carboxylase (Hn, SP, βS, Ln = γT), fatty acid synthase (Ln, γT, SP, βS, Hn), HMG-CoA synthase (Ln, Hn, SP, βS, γT), and HMG-CoA reductase (Hn, Ln, βS, γT, SP), and
via
upregulation of cholesterol-7α-monooxygenase (CYP7A1) (Hn, βS). In addition, all pomelo fruit parts enhanced the fecal crude lipid and sterol excretion capability. Thus, fruits of
C. grandis
can serve as a rather promising integrative antihyperlipidemic agent.
Multi- antihyperlipidemic mechanism revealed by the pomelo phytonutrients
. Both the sterol synthesis and lipogenesis pathways are affected by the pomelo phytonutrients. Dotted line: from citation. Solid line: verified in this experiment.
We propose SP-QAM based Fast-OFDM with a novel real-valued OCT pre-coding scheme for IM/DD systems. For 19.76-Gbit/s 20-km transmission, the proposed scheme achieves 3.5-dB sensitivity improvement ...and higher filtering tolerance over conventional PAM Fast-OFDM.
The recent discovery of a charge density (CDW) state in ScV\(_6\)Sn\(_6\) at \(T_{\textrm{CDW}}\) = 91 K offers new opportunities to understand the origins of electronic instabilities in topological ...kagome systems. By comparing to the isostructural non-CDW compound LuV\(_6\)Sn\(_6\), we unravel interesting electrical transport properties in ScV\(_6\)Sn\(_6\), above and below the charge ordering temperature. We observed that by applying a magnetic field along the \(a\) axis, the temperature behavior of the longitudinal resistivity in ScV\(_6\)Sn\(_6\) changes from metal-like to insulator-like above the CDW transition. We show that in the charge ordered state ScV\(_6\)Sn\(_6\) follows the Fermi liquid behavior while above that, it transforms into a non-Fermi liquid phase in which the resistivity varies sublinearly over a broad temperature range. The sublinear resistivity, which scales by \(T^{3/5}\) is a common feature among other vanadium-containing kagome compounds exhibiting CDW states such as KV\(_3\)Sb\(_5\), RbV\(_3\)Sb\(_5\), and CsV\(_3\)Sb\(_5\). By contrast, the non-Fermi liquid behavior does not occur in LuV\(_6\)Sn\(_6\). We explain the \(T^{3/5}\) universal scaling behavior from the Coulomb scattering between Dirac electrons and Van Hove singularities; common features in the electronic structure of kagome materials. Finally, we show anomalous Hall-like behavior in ScV\(_6\)Sn\(_6\) below \(T_{\textrm{CDW}}\), which is absent in the Lu compound. Comparing the transport properties of ScV\(_6\)Sn\(_6\) and LuV\(_6\)Sn\(_6\) is valuable to highlight the impacts of the unusual CDW in the Sc compound.
As WDM-PON has been emerging to be the next generation optical access network, the issue of network survivability has recently aroused much attention. In this talk, several considerations in ...designing survivable WDM-PONs will be discussed. Besides, several feasible protection schemes and architectures for automatic traffic restoration upon any fiber cut in WDM-PONs will be reviewed.
PDF
